1、人教版九年级全一册英语语法复习：定语从句 讲解与练习题定义：对名词和代词起限定修饰作用的从句就是定语从句定语的作用位置：2个单词的定语要后置， 从句至少有两个单词所以定语从句的位置在所修饰的名词或代词后类型：限制性定语从句限定修饰先行词的定语从句， 是句子不可缺少的组成部分。先行词和定语从句之间没有逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句对先行词的补充说明， 没有也不影响主句意思的完整。先行词和定语从句之间须用逗号隔开。一、限制性定语从句：定语从句修饰限定的词叫先行词 (先于定语从句出现的名词/代词)主句&从句的区别： 从句有引导从句的词引导定语从句的词叫关系词 (关乎联系到主句和定语从句， 指代先行词在从
2、句中充当成分) eg:莉莉是一个有着长头发的美丽女孩。 Lily is a beautiful girl who has long hair.先行词 关系词 从句*who 在此处指代先行词 girl， 在从句中充当主语把该句话拆解为2个简单句： Lily is a beautiful girl. She has long hair.1.结构：+先行词 关系词+从句注意：定语从句 (翻译为“的”)2.关系词：关系代词 ( that、 which、 who、 whom、 whose、 as)关系副词 ( when、 where、 why)（1）关系代词 (有人和物之分) 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表
3、语、定语 关系代词 先行词 关系代词充当成分 例句 that 人/物 主语 宾语 表语 The people that/ who come to visit this city are all Chinese. ( that在从句里作主语)which 物 主语 宾语 . Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which在从句里作主语) who 人 主语 宾语 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. ( who在从句里作主语)whom 人 宾语 Mr. Su is t
4、he person ( whom) you talked about. whose 人/物 定语 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 注意 1：关系代词作宾语可省略， 作其他成分不可省略。但紧跟在介词后的关系代词不可省略。介词后的关系代词只有 which (物) 与 whom (人) , 不能用 that和 who作宾语。 whose后紧跟名词。 注意 2：只能用 that, 不能用 which/ who/ whom的情况:(1)先行词同时含有人和物时I can remember the people and buildings ( that)
5、I saw in Beijing.(2)先行词被序数词修饰时 He was the second person that got to the classroom.(3)先行词被最高级修饰时 John is the strongest man that I know.(4)先行词是指物的不定代词时(如 something/ anything/ nothing/ everything/ the one/ all等) Is there anything that you want to buy in the market?(5)先行词被 the only, the very, the same,
6、the last修饰时 Lee is the only person that I know in our class.(6)先行词所在的主句是 who/ which开头的句子时 Who is the girl that is singing? 注意 3：用 who,而不用 that的一些情况(1)先行词是 one， anyone等指人的不定代词时。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. Dont tell anyone about the news who oughtnt to know it.(2)
7、先行词是 those时 Those who helped us in trouble should be remembered. 注意 4：the way(先行词) +定语从句, 有三种表达形式:(1) the way + that(2) the way + in which(3) the way + 从句(省略了 that 或 in which) eg: I never like the way( in which/ that) he speaks to you.我不喜欢他和你说话的方式(2)关系副词在从句中作状语， 关系副词可变成“介词+关系代词”的形式关系副词 介词+关系代词 先行词 充
8、当成分 例句whenin/ on/ during which 时间 时间状语 I ll never forget the day when ( on which) I met you. 我永远不会忘记遇见你的那天。where in/ at/ on which 地点 地点状语 Shanghai is the place where ( in which) I was born. 上海是我的出生地。whyfor which 原因 ( reason) 原因状语 Is this the reason why ( for which) you are late for class? 你就是你迟到的原因?
9、注意 1：关系副词可以换成“介词+ which”，“介词+ which”不一定能换成关系副词。 eg: Is this the reason why ( for which) you are late for class?你就是你迟到的原因? The computer for which I paid 6000 yuan is made in Shenzhen.我花了六千元买的这电脑是在深圳造的。【 pay for“为付(钱)”, 先行词不是 reason, 所以原句的 for which 不能替换成 why】注意 2：当定语从句中的动词与介词是不能分割的固定短语时，介词不能放在关系代词之前，
10、 否则会影响短语的意思和用法。 eg: The boy( whom) my mother is looking after is getting better. () The boy after whom my mother is looking is getting better. ()【解析: look after“照顾”, look和 after一旦分开就没有“照顾”的意思,所以不可以把 after放在关系代词 whom前】注意 3：当定语从句中的动词与介词， 分开与否都不影响动词和介词的意思和用法时，两种表达都可以 eg: The man with whom you talked ju
11、st now is our teacher. The man( whom) you talked with just now is our teacher.【解析: talk和 with分开与否, 不影响 talk和 with的意思和用法】关系词没有 what， 不能用 what引导定语从句。关系代词作宾语可以省略， 作其他成分不可以省略。但紧跟在介词后的关系代词不可省略。介词后的关系代词只有 which (物) 与 whom (人) , 不能用 that和 who作宾语。二、非限制性定语从句：1 .从句和先行词间用逗号隔开2 .非限制性定语从句 (通常译成主句的并列句， 关系词有意思) ：
12、eg: The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮， 是我们上个月买的。限制性定语从句 (中英表达顺序相反， 关系词无意思) ： eg: This is the house ( which/ that) we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。3.关系代词有 which/ who/ whom/ whose, 没有 that。不可以省略。4.关系副词有 when/ where, 没有 why, why用“ for + which”替代。5 有“名词/代词/数词+ of + which”引导从
13、句的形式。 eg:I have three pairs of shoes, all of which are very expensive.我有三双鞋， 三双鞋都很贵。6. 先行词可以是整个主句的内容，用关系代词 which (理解为“这件事”) 指代, 或用 as (译作“正如”) 指代。主要区别： as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前或主句后。 eg: As we all know, he studies very hard.= He studies very hard, as we all know.【小试牛刀】一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：1. The fan i
14、s on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.4. The students will not pass the exam . They dont study hard.5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.6. The letter is from my siste
15、r. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.12. Thats the child. We were
16、 looking at his drawing just now.13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework havent been handed in.15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.17. They passed a fact
17、ory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.二、选择填空：1. The man _ vis
18、ited our school yesterday is from London.A. Who B. which C. whom D. when2. The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A. whose B. who C. whom D. which3. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.A. that B. which C. what D. as4. Do you remember those days _ we spent
19、 along the seashore very happily?A. when B. where C. which D. who5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week.A. Which B. that C. whom D. as6. Those _ want to go please sign their names here.A. Whom B. which C. who D. when7. Where is the man _ I met thi
20、s morning?A. when B. where C. which8. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there?A. who B./ C. that D. when9. The man _ you talked just now is a worker.A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who10. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. w
21、hich11. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking12. The man _ around our school is from America.A. which you showed B. you showed himC. you showed D. where you showed13. He talked a
22、bout a hero _ no one had ever heard.A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French.A. where B. who C. in which D. which15. Have you read the book _I lent to you?A. that B. whom C. when D. whose16. Finally, the thief han
23、ded over everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. That B. which C. whatever D. all17. The foreign guests, _ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those18. This is the very letter _ came last night.A. who B. which
24、C. that D. as19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask _ knows better than I.A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one20. This is the school _ we visited three days ago.A. Where B./ C. when D. what21. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A. Where B. that C. which D. on which22.
25、 Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to the island.A. which B. in which C. that D./23. Jack is pleased with _ you have given him and all _ you have told him.A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which24. Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow?A. that B. which C. its D. who
26、se25. Is this school _ we visited three years ago?A. the one B. which C. that D. where26. Is this the school _ we visited three years ago? 2819293984A. the one B. where C. in which D./27, How many students are there in your class _ homes are in the country?A. whose B. who C. whom D. which28. The tra
27、in was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _ already seven other people.A. when there were B. which there wereC. that there were D. where there were29. I live in the house _ windows face south.A. which B. whose C. where D. in that30. - What game is popular with them?- The _ most is tennis.A. ga
28、me they like it B. game they likeC. best game they like D. best game they like it31. The room _ Mr White lives is not very large.A. that B. which C. where D. when32. Dont forget the day _ you were received into the Youth League.A. when B. that C. at which D. where33. I ve finished writing the novel,
29、_ is to be published next month .A. that B. what C. which D. when34. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, _ was unexpected.A. which B. as C. that D. it35. _ is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.A. What B. As C. That D. Which36. The old man had three sons, all of
30、_ died during World War .A. Whose B. that C. whom D. who37. I have bought two pens, _ write well.A. none of which B. neither of which C. both of which D. all of which38. Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind?A. why B. which C. for that D. of which39. He failed in the exam,_ proves that h
31、e wasnt working hard enough.A. which B. what C. it D. that40. During the week _ he tried to collect materials for his article.A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followed41. _ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.A. It B. Which C. As D. That42. He studied hard and later became a well- kn
32、own writer,_ his father expected.A. that was what B. what was thatC. and which was D. which was what43. We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser.A. when B. as C. whose D. what44. You must show my wife the same respect _ you show me.A. when B. as C. whose D. what45. It is the first t
33、ime _I have come to your city.A. that B. which C. what D. when46. Who _ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.A. who B. that C. whom D. which47. I shall never forget those years _I lived in the country with the farmers,_ has a great effect on my life.A. that, which B. when, which C. which,
34、that D. when, who48. This is the only book _I can find.A. that B. which C. it D. with which49. I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the way B. the way in thatC. the way which D. the way of which50. That is one of those books that _ worth reading.A. is B. are C. has D. have51. This is the only one of th
35、e students whose handwriting _ the best.A. is B. are C. has D. have能力提高训练：1. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows , most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.A. These B. those C. that D. which2. Alice received an invitation from her boss,_ came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. which D.
36、he3. She heard a terrible noise ,_ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that4. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom5. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work hard , but _ didnt help.A. he B. wh
37、ich C. she D. it6. The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it7. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. Which B. where C. that D. when8. Carol said the work would be done by October,_ pe
38、rsonally I doubt very much.A. it B. that C. when D. which9. The result of the experiment was very good,_ we hadnt expected.A. when B. that C. which D. what10. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,_ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.A. that B. while C. wh
39、ich D. when11. These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected.A. like B. as C. that D. which12. Recently I bought an ancient vase,_ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of whichC. its price D. the price of those13. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _
40、, of course , made the others unhappy.A. who B. which C. this D. what14. John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was true.A. he B. this C. which D. who15. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far- away village.A. until B. that C. when D. where16. Th
41、e famous basketball star, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.A. where B. when C. which D. who17. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_I will always treasure.A that B one C it D what18. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some ot
42、her places,_ other visitors seldom go.A what B which C where D when19. Ale c asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A with him B who C with whom D whom20. We are living in an age _ many things are done on computers.A. which B. that C. whose D. when21. _ has bee
43、n announced , we shall have our final exams next month.A. That B. As C. It D. What22. York,_ last year, is a nice old city.A. that I visited B. which I visitedC. where I visited D. in which I visited23. Luckly, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way.A. it B. that C. this D. whic
44、h24. A fast food restaurant is the place _, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.A. which B. where C. there D. what25. Geoge Orwell,_ was Eric Arthur, write many political novels and essays.A. the real name B. what his real nameC his real name D. whose real name.26. _ is reported i
45、n the newspapers , talks between the two countries are making progress.A. It B. As C. That D. What27. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom.28. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which29. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.A. where B. which C. when D. t