1、人教版八年级上册英语期末复习语法知识点汇总Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?一、重点词汇1. quite a few 相当多1)quite a few 可数名词复数 quite a little 不可数名词 quite a lot of 可数&不可数 2)区分:quiet adj. 安静的 易错点:a few “一些”+可数名词复数(肯定) few “几乎没有”+可数名词 (否定)a little “一些”+ 不可数名词(肯定) little “几乎没有”+不可数名词 (否定)2. arrive in 到达arrive in+大地点 arrive at+小
2、地点3. decide v. 决定decide to do sth 决定做某事 decide not to do sth. 决定不做某事decision n.决定做决定make a decision 4. try n./v 尝试try (not) to do 尽力(不)做某事try doing 尝试做某事try ones best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力去做try on 试穿 have a try 试一试5. too many 太多too many+可数名词复数too much+不可数名词much too+adj/adv. 太.6. seem 看起来,似乎seem + adj.
3、 = seem to be + adj.seem to do sth.It seems that+句子 7. because of 由于;因为because of+单词/短语because+句子8. enough adj./adv. 足够的(地)作 形容词 时,表示“足够的,充足的”例如:enough money作 副词 时,意为“足够地,充分地” 例如:old enough口诀:名前形副后9. 反身代词1)第一/二人称:形代+self/selves第三人称:宾格+self/selves 我自己 myself我们自己 ourselves 你自己 yourself你们自己 yourselves他
4、自己 himself 她自己 herself 它自己 itself 他们自己 themselves2)help yourself/yourselves! 请自便by oneself 独自地,独立地teach oneself 自学enjoy oneself 玩得开心 (have a good time/ have fun)10. relax v. 放松relaxed adj. 放松的 一般修饰人; relaxing adj. 令人放松的 一般修饰物类似的有:bored, boring; interested, interesting; surprised, surprising; touched
5、, touching11. wonder做动词,“想知道;琢磨”后跟陈述语序的疑问句,例如I wonder what they do there12. enjoy:享受/喜欢享受做某事:enjoy doing sth过得快活,感到愉快:enjoy oneself =have a good/great time =have fun 13. most of the . 大多数.谓语动词的单复数取决于其后加的名词的单复数14. Its sb.s first time to do sth. 这是.第一次做.15. Why dont you do sth?/Why not do sth.? 为什么不.呐
6、? 16. 感叹句1)what引导的感叹句,结构:what +(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!2)how引导的感叹句,结构:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!二、重点语法:1. 一般过去时(1)时间标志词yesterday, last., .ago, this., on/in/at+过去时间, just now, once upon a time.(2)动词过去式变化规则“直”:直接+ed“去”:去 e,再加 ed “双”:双写,+ed“改”:y 改为 i, 加 ed“特”:特殊(不规则) (3)句子结构动词be实意动词(work)肯定句主语+was/were.主语+worked否定句
7、主语+was/were not(wasnt/werent)主语+did not (didnt) work一般疑问句Was/Were + 主语+.?Did + 主 语 + work.?2. 复合不定代词one(人)body(人)thing(事物)where (adv.)(地方)some(一些)someonesomebodysomethingsomewhereany(一些;任何)anyoneanybodyanythinganywhereno(没有)no onenobodynothingnowhereevery(每个)everyoneeverybodyeverythingeverywhere考点1
8、:some. 用于肯定句, any.用于否定句和疑问句somewhere, something, somebody, someone anywhere, anything, anybody, anyone易错:1)表示命令、请求、建议等语气的疑问句,仍要用 some 复合不定代词2)any. 用在肯定句中表示“任何” 考点2:做主语当单数看考点3:形容词等修饰成分需要后置三、词汇词组第 25 页 共 25 页1. 去度假go on vacation2. 待在家里stay at home3. 去海滩go to the beach4. 在度假be on vacation5. 去爬山go to th
9、e mountains6. 参观博物馆7. visit the Palace Museum8. 去夏令营go to summer camp9. 太拥挤too crowded10. 相当多quite a few11. 为而学习study for12. 出去go out13. 大部分时间most of the time14. 尝起来很好吃taste good15. 玩得高兴have a good time16. 当然of course17. 给的感觉;感受到feel like18. 去购物go shopping19. 在过去in the past20. 四处走走walk around21. 因为b
10、ecause of22. 一碗one bowl of23. 第二天the next day24. 喝茶drink tea25. 找出;查明find out26. 继续go on27. 照相take photos28. 重要的事something important29. 上上下下up and down30. 出来come up31. 为某人买某物32. buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.33. 尝起来taste + adj.34. 看起来look+adj.35. .除了之外什么都没有nothingbut+动词原形36. 看起来似乎seem+(to be)+ adj.
11、37. 到达某地arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点38. 决定去做某事decide to do sth.39. 想要做某事feel like doing sth40. 尝试做某事try doing sth.41. 尽力去做某事try to do sth.42. 忘记做过某事forget doing sth.43. 忘记做某事forget to do sth.44. 想要做某事want to do sth/would like to do sth45. 喜欢做某事enjoy doing sth.46. 开始做某事start doing sth. / start to do
12、 sth.47. 停止做某事stop doing sth.48. 停止下来去做(另一件)某事 stop to do sth.49. 不喜欢做某事dislike doing sth.50. 继续做某事keep doing sth.51. 为什么不做呢?Why not do. sth.?52. 如此以至于so+adj.+that+从句53. 告诉某人(不要)做某事tell sb. (not) to do sth.Unit 2 How often do you exercise?一、重点词汇用法1. 频度副词always总是(100%) usually通常(80%) often常常(30%-50%)
13、 sometimes有时(20%) hardly ever几乎不(5%) never从不(0%)频度副词的位置1)实义动词之前2)Be动词,情态动词, 助动词之后3)有些可放在句首或句尾,表示强调,如 sometimes2. 频率表达次数1)once一次 twice 两次三次及三次以上一般用 基数词+times 来表示2)三到四次 three or four times三到五次three to five times次数差额为1用 or次数差额大于1用to3)一天1-2次once or twice a day一天1-3次one to three times a day3. sometimes指有
14、时,某个时候 =at times区分:1)sometime是adv.,意为“在某个时候”,“某时”2)some time是名词词组,意为“一段时间”,时间状语。 3)some times是名词词组,意为“几次,几倍”4. percent数字+percent+of +名词 百分之的. 注意percent做主语时,动词的单复数要根据of后面的名词来确定。5. hardly&hardhardly adv. 几乎不hard adj.努力的;硬的;困难的;辛苦的;hard adv.猛烈地6. go online 上网7.use1) n. 使用 the use of sth. 使用某物,某物的使用2) v
15、. use sth to do sth用某物去做某事8. find1)find it +adj.+to do sth. 发现做某事是2)find sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事9. surprisebe surprised that +句子 惊讶某事be surprised at sth. 对感到惊讶be surprised to do sth. 做某事很惊讶to ones surprise 令某人惊讶/惊喜的是10. althoughalthough 为连词,意为:“虽然,尽管”=though注意:这两种形式都不可以与 but 连用。11. Its + adj. + for s
16、b. + to do做某事是.的12. the best way to. 做某事最好的方法13. by doing sth 通过某种方式through sththrough doing sth. 通过/经过14. spend1) spend“度过,花费(时间,金钱) sb. spend 时间/金钱on sth. =sb. spend 时间/金钱 (in) doing sth.2)pay“支付” sb. pay +钱for sth. 3)take “花费” it takes sb. +时间/金钱+to do sth. 4)cost “花费”,主语是物 sth costs sb. +时间/金钱 t
17、o do sth. 15. such as 和 for example1) such as 后面接名词,可与 like 互换。2) for example 一般只列举出同类人或者事物中的一个,后面接 句子,用逗号隔开。16. at least 至少 / at most 至多二、重点句型What do you usually do on weekends?I always exercise.What do they do on weekends?They often help with housework.What does she do on weekends?She sometimes go
18、es shopping.How often do you go to the movies?I go to the movies maybe once a month.How often does he watch TV?He hardly ever watches TV.Do you go shopping?No, I never go shopping.1. How often? 问频率或次数。意思是”多久一次?”回答由how often提问的句子1)用频度副词always/usually/often/sometimes/hardly ever/never回答。2)用表示次数的词(ever
19、y day, each week, once a day, twice a day, four times a month 等)来回答。2. How often 意为多久一次,询问动作发生的频率,答语常为频率副词或次数How soon 意为多久 多快,答语常为in + 一段时间 How long 意为多长时间,答语常为for + 一段时间 另外how long还可以表物体多长How far 意为多远,询问距离Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister一、重要语法形容词、副词比较级1:形容词与副词(1)形容词:用来修饰名词,表明事物特征的词(2)副词:用来修饰动
20、词,说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式、状态等。2:形容词/副词的三个等级(1)原级(2)比较级两者之间比较(3)最高级三者及以上3:比较级与最高级的用法(1)比较级的用法: 表示两者(人或物)的比较,与than连用,than后引导比较对象(2)最高级的用法: 比较三者及以上的事物。最高级的前面一般要加冠词the,后面可带of(in) 短语 来说明比较的范围。 4:形容词副词变为比较级/最高级规则(1)词尾直接加er/est(2)以e结尾,直接加 r/st(3)双写词尾,再加 er/est 大红胖子(瘦子)又湿又热又伤心 big/red/fat/thin/wet/hot/sad(4)以辅音字母+y
21、结尾,变y为i,加er/est 特殊: shy-shyer-shyest 形容词+ly 结尾的副词,前加more/mostquickly-more quickly-most quicklyslowly-more slowly-most slowlyfriendly-friendlier-friendliestearly-earlier-earliest (5)特殊变化:多少好坏老远原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest/eldes
22、tfarfartherfarthest(6)er/est变化步骤a.通过中文判断是否为特殊变化b.数数是否为多音节的词c.是多音节词在原形之前+mored.不是多音节词,按照规则变化进行 5:重要考点考点1比较级的结构(1) A+比较级+than+B(2)特殊疑问词+比较级,A or B? 本质是:两者之间比较考点2比较级前的修饰词 much/a little/a bit/a lot /even/far+比较级very/quite/so /as/too/really+原级考点3 the +比较级+of the two 考点4比较级特殊结构(1)比较级and比较级, 越来越(2)the+比较级,
23、the +比较级, 越就越考点5比较级中的同级比较(1)同级比较 A和B一样. A不像B那样. (2)结构:asas像一样not as/soas不像一样as+adj/adv原级+as(3)同级比较结构书写步骤简化句子找形副套句型补对象Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater?一、重要考点:1) talent n. 天才talented adj. 有才能的比较级:more talented在方面有专长 应该用be talented in sth./doing sth 相当于be good at2) be good at 意为”在某方面做得好,擅长做某事”。后跟名词,
24、代词或动名词,同义词组:do well in3)I think a good friend makes me laugh. make v. 制造;使;让。使/让某人/某事怎么样;make sb./ sth.+adj.让(使)某人做某事(make后跟不带to的不定式)make sb. do sth. 4)care about v. 担心相当于:be worried, be interestedcare for 意为喜欢;照顾 当/小心take care 照顾take care of5) like 动词,喜欢like sth./like doing sth.介词,像be like, look li
25、ke 意为“像;跟一样”feel like后接Ving形式、代词或名词,意为“想要做某事”。常见句型:How do you like.?意为“你认为怎么样?” (What do you think of.?) Would you like +名词 to do sth.?意为你想要吗?6) both 表示两者都both of 两者都 例如:They both are students. = Both of them are students.注意:both放在be动词之后, 实义动词之前7) as long as用来连接句子,表示 “只要”。as.as 与一样/ not as/so.as 不如中
26、间加形容词或副词的原级8)win +比赛项目 win a match / game 赢得某个比赛项目 beat sb + (in +比赛项目) beat sb. / a team (在某个比赛项目中)打败某人 记忆:A beat B, so A win9) bring out 使显现;使表现出bring out the best/ worst in someone 把某人最好的(或最坏的)一面表现或显露出来10)修饰比较级可以用 a little(更一点); much(得多); even(甚至); a lot(非常); far(非常); a bit(一点)11)I dont really ca
27、re if my friends are the same as me or different.“ if ” 译为“ 是否” 而非“ 如果”12)reach for your hand (伸手帮你一把) touch your heart (令你感动)13)Thats why I like reading books and I study harder in class. Thats why 可视为一个固定句式,表 示 “ 这便是为什么”、 “ 这就是的原因”, why的后面一般接句子14)It is形容词(easy, important, difficult, necessary,.)(
28、for/of sb.)不定式 做某事是二、重要语法最高级1:最高级:比较三者及以上的人或者事物2:标志词:表示比较范围时用in/of3:最高级前须加the:the + 最高级 + of/in4:最高级常用句式:(1)Who/ Which+ 最高级, A, B or C ?(2)one of +the +形容词最高级 +名词复数 表示“最之一” 例如:Lucy 是她班最高的女生之一。Lucy is one of the tallest girls in her class.(3)the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+in/of短语 表示“在中是第一个” 例如:黄河是中国第二长河。The Yellow
29、 River is the second longest river in China.(4)用比较级来表达最高级的意思 比较级+than any other+单数名词 = 比较级+than the other+复数名词 可与最高级转化。 例如:上海是中国最大的城市。 Shanghai is the biggest city in China.=Shanghai is bigger than the other cities in China.=Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.三、重点单词1. closev. 关闭klz 关门:c
30、lose the dooradj. 亲近的;距离近的 kls be close to 2. talent n. 才艺表演 talent show表演才艺 show ones talentstalented adj. be talented in (doing) sth. =have talents in (doing) sth. 3. choosev. 选择 ( 过去式:chose )为某人挑选某物 choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. (双宾语)选择做某事/决定做某事 choose to do sth.4. creative adj.有创造力的v.adj
31、.n.act 行动;扮演active 积极的activity 活动create 创造creative 有创造力的creativity 创造力5. performer n.表演者,演员perform v. 表演6. comfortably adv. 舒适地 comfortable seats 形容词 sit comfortably 副词 本单元的其它副词buy cheaply;take seriously;sing beautifully7. prize n. 奖;奖品;奖金 win/get a prize 获奖 get the first prize 取得第一名四重点词组 1. example
32、 n.例子,范例such as=like介词,后跟名词,代词,动名词举多例,和例子直接相连for example介词短语,后跟名词,句子一般举一例,中间有逗号2. have in common 有相同特征;(想法、兴趣等方)相同毫无共同之处 have nothing in common有许多共同之处have a lot in common3. make up 编造(故事;谎言)makes up ones beds铺床;整理make up ones mind to do sth. 下定决心做某事4. take seriously 认真对待 5. play a role in sth./doing
33、 sth. 对有影响对有重要的影响play an important role in sth/doing sth. 五、重点句型1. 询问对某人或者某事的看法、态度用句型:How do you like .? = What do you think of .?2. Thatsuptoyoutodecide.be up to 由决定;是的职责Its up to sb. to do sth. 由某人决定做某事3. Its always interesting to watch other people show their talents.1) watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做了某事
34、或经常观看某人做某事”,强调“观看动作的全过程”。2) watch sb. doing sth. 表示“观看某人正在做某事”,强调“动作正在进行”。Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?一. 重点单词1.节目体育节目sports show 才艺节目talent show 情景喜剧 sitcom脱口秀、访谈talk show 游戏节目 game show 肥皂剧 soap opera 新闻news提问:你觉得怎么样呐?What do you think of?How do you like? 2. mind v.介意 身心mind and body介意做
35、某事mind doing sth.你介意.吗?Would you mind.?拓展:make up ones mind to do下决心做某事lose ones mind失去理智keep sth. in mind记住3. stand v. 站;介意过去式:stood起立stand up不能忍受做某事 sb. cant stand doing sth.4. discussion n.讨论 v. discuss讨论某事discuss sth.和某人讨论discuss sth. with sb = have a discussion with sb.5. happen v.发生,碰巧常见搭配:sth
36、. happen+时间/地点状语 某时/某地发生某事某人发生某事 sth. happen to sb.某人碰巧做某事sb. happen to do sth.6. famous adj. 著名的因.而出名 be famous for作为.而出名 be famous as7. successful adj.成功的常见搭配:成功做某事(1) succeed in doing sth.(2) be successful in doing sth.反义词 unsuccessfulv. succeedn. success 成功(不可数)8. common 1. n.共同之处 2. adj.普通的,常见的
37、和某人有一些共同之处have something in common with sb.普通人common people; 常识common sense9. find out词组辨析:find 找到;表结果 Look for 寻找;表过程 Find out 查明、查出;未知而查 10. be ready to do sth. 1.准备好做某事 2.愿意做某事be ready for 为.做准备11. dress up词组辨析:put on 穿上 强调动作 wear 穿着 强调状态 dress up 打扮常见搭配:dress up like/as.装扮成dress sb.给某人穿衣服dress o
38、neself给自己穿衣服get dressed穿好衣服二:动词不定式:1. 动词不定式的基本结构 to do, 否定结构:not to do 注意:两个动词之间用to连接,后一个动词必须是动词的原型, 前一个动词时态不受限制。2. 只接动词不定式的动词want / need / hope / expect /decide / plan / learn / be ready/happy/would like 3. 只接动词不定式的句型Its+ adj.+for sb. to do sth.Its +n.+to do .It takes sb. some time to do sth.Its my
39、 first time to do sthI find/think it +adj+to do sth. 4. 动词不定式的用法1)作主语例如:To hear your voice is so nice. = It is so nice to hear your voice. 不定式作主语时,通常用it作形式主语,把真正的主语放在后面。固定句型:a)It +be + adj. +for/of sb. to do sth. for: adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征 (important/ necessary / interesting 等.)of: adj. 多为 描述主语的品质特征 (kin
40、d / nice / friendly / wise / foolish等.) b) It takes sb. some time to do sth. c) It is + n. (for sb) to do sth. 2) 作宾语a) 动词 + to do常见动词有 agree,decide ,need, hope, wish , want, plan ,promise, offer, learn, stop, forget, remember, try 等b) 动词+疑问词 + to do c) 动词 + it(形式宾语)+宾补 +to do3) 特殊词 a) stop to do停下来
41、去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的某事 b) forget to do忘记要去做某事forget doing忘记做过某事 c) remember to do 记得去做某事remember doing记得做过某事 d) try to do sth. 努力, 尽力做某事 try doing sth. 试着做某事 4) 作宾补 a) 动词 + 宾语 + to do Li Mei asked me to show her the new book. 注:有以上结构的常用动词有 tell, ask, want , like, allow ,advise ,teach 等。 b) 动词 + 宾语 + do 注:常用的动词是:感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice; 使役动词 have ,make,let.注意:enjoy, finish, keep, mind feel like, cant help + doing sth. Unit 6 Im going to study computer science一、重点语法一般将来时u 描述将来发生的动作或存在的状态用一般将来时u 结构 主语+be going to do sth 主语+will do sthu 句型转换 He is going to visit the museum.否定句