1、2024年小升初英语语法知识点汇编讲义It句型和主谓一致讲义小学英语It句型1 it用作人称代词，代替事物，区别one。That vase is valuable Its more than 200 years old来源那个花瓶很珍贵，它有200多年的历史。2 it用以代替指示代词this, that1)Whats this? Its a pen这是什么？是一支钢笔。2）Whose book is that? Its Mikes那是谁的书？是迈克的。3指示代词it，常用以指人。1）Go and see who it is去看看是谁。2） Who is making such a noise?
2、 是谁发出这样的吵闹声？ It must be the children一定是孩子们。4当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用it来表示。1）Its a lovely baby Is it a boy or a girl? 宝宝真可爱，是男孩还是女孩？2)Whos there? -Its me Who else could it be? 由于对方不知道自己的性别，因此用it回答who的提问。5 it可用来指代团体。The committee has met and it has rejected the proposal委员会已开过会，拒绝了这项建议。6 It常用来表示天气、气候、
3、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。Its cold today（指天气）今天冷。Its seven oclock in the morning now（指时间）现在是早晨七点。Its the eighth of March today（指日期）今天是3月8号。How far is it from Shanghai to Nanjing?（指距离）上海离南京多远？Its about forty minutes walk（指路程）步行大约四十分钟的路程。It was very cold; it snowed and grew dark天气很冷；下着雪，渐渐地变黑了。7 it也常用来表示一般的笼
4、统的情况。How is it going with you? 你近况如何？主谓一致语法形式的一致原则1谓语动词与上语在人称上保持一致。如：He/She likes chocolate他 / 她喜欢巧克力。We They/You like apples我们/他们/你（你们）喜欢苹果。I like football, but he likes tennis我喜欢足球,而他喜欢网球。2谓语动词与主语在单复数上保持一致。如：His son is a teacher他的儿子是一位老师。His sons are teachers他的儿子们是老师。This building was very high这栋大
5、楼很高。来源:These buildings were very high这些大楼很高。3不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。当不可数名词作主语时，不论其数量多少，谓语动词都要用单数形式。如：Water is necessary to everyone水对每个人都是必需的。Too much sail does a lot of harm to your health吃太多的盐对你的身体非常有害。The air in some big cities is very dirty有些大城市的空气很脏。概念意义的一致原则1主语在形式上为单数，但谓语动词要用复敎。英语中有些形容词前面加定冠词the可以
6、用来表示一类人，如果这些词作主语，谓语动词要用复数。常见的这些词有:the young（年轻人）,the old（老年人）,the rich（富人）,the poor （穷人），the blind （盲人），the deaf （聋人）等。如：The rich are not as happy as the poor think有钱人并不像穷人认为的那么幸福。The young should respect the old年轻人应该尊敬老年人。有些词既可以表示民族，又可以表示这个民族所使用的语言。当表示民族时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示语言时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The Chinese lov
7、e peace中国人民热爱和平。Chinese is a very difficult language汉语是一门非常难学的语言。2主语形式上为复数，但谓语动词要用单数。英语中有些单词以s结尾，如news （消息），works （工厂），maths（数学）,physics(物理)等，这些单词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：The news is very exciting这个消息令人激动。The United States is a big country美国是一个大国。就近一致原则指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。例如：Not only the teacher but
8、also his students like playing football不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。There is a pen and some books on the desk课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。二、主谓一致常考题型1单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式；复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。The desk is Toms这张桌子是汤姆的。Some water is in the bottle一些水在瓶子里。The students are playing football on the playground这些学生正在操场上踢足球。2
9、more than one + 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。More than one student has ever been to Beijing不止一个学生曾经去过北京。3表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。Two months is a long holiday两个月是一个长假。4主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。Each boy and each girl has got a seat每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。5 one and a half + 复
10、数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。One and a half hours is enough一个半小时足够了。6动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To see is to believe眼见为实。来源:学。科。网Z。X。X。KDoing eye exercises is good for your eyes做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。7 a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。A student or two likes to listen to this new teachers class一两个学生喜欢听这位新老师的课。8当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有
11、with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。来ComMike with his father has been to England迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting开会的时候，学生们和老师都在场。9由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个
12、人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher is coming那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)The writer and the teacher are coming作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)10 people, police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个一个的具体成
13、员时，谓语动词复数形式。 People here are very friendly这儿的人很友好。11不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数。来源KIs everyone here today? 今天大家到齐了吗？12 each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。Each of them has an English dictio
14、nary他们每人都有一本英语词典。13以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等。No news is good news没有消息就是好消息。14由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；由or, eitheror， neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。但是如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。Either my wife or I am going15如果主语是由“a series
15、of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; 而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。A number of students are going to visit this place of interestThe number of the students is over 80016以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。There is a book and three pens on the desk17 the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad