1、专题 10阅读理解之说明文常考题型题型考查年份考查话题说明文2021年全国甲卷Port Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状2021年全国乙卷世界上著名的大型竞技场的基本情况2021年新高考全国卷美国鸭票的故事2020年全国卷竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，及专家给受过伤的人的建议2020年全国卷美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀方法点拨解题方法1. 定位对照法：先阅读题干，然后根据问题的要求，按照题目顺序依次有针对性地结合题干中的关键词到文中定位，阅读相关部分并快速寻找有效信息。再将原文和选项进行比较。当问题与原文材料相同的时候，对号入座；如果问题与原文不同则可以同义替换、归纳事实等。2.
2、选项分析法：根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容。再仔细对照，排除于文章内容不一致的错误信息，从而确定选项。3. 中心精确捕捉法：根据议论文特点对文章中心段或句进行精准分析。两种解题步骤方式一：1. 读开头段，把握中心（中心明确）；2. 解“主旨题”以及“主旨相关题”；3. 解“细节题”（先定段，后定句）。方式二1. 读开头段，把握中心（中心不明确）；2. 解“细节题”（先定段，后定句）；3. 解“主旨题”以及“主旨相关题”。【注意事项】1. 不必通读全文，不必千方百计理解文章所有语句；2. 必须首先读好开头与结尾段，快速准确找出文章中心主旨；3. 注意并充分利用文章中所给出的中文提示词。
3、2021年全国乙卷When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）?These days youd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesnt own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practica
4、lly everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones according to a survey（调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that its not really ne
5、cessary and theyre keeping it as a security blanket 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因素）
6、 only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers whove perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isnt the only factor; Id say its also to do with the makeup of your household. Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I,
7、can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (u
8、sing Caller ID would take the fun out of it).How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?1. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?A. Their target users.B. Their wide popularity.C. Their major functions.D. Th
9、eir complex design.2. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Admit.B. Argue.C. Remember.D. Remark.3. What can we say about Baby Boomers?A. They like smartphone games.B. They enjoy guessing callers identity.C. They keep using landline phones.D. They are attached to their famil
10、y.4. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?A. It remains a family necessity.B. It will fall out of use some day.C. It may increase daily expenses.D. It is as important as the gas light.【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点。1. 主旨大意题。根据文章第
11、二段“These days youd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesnt own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电
12、话)”可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。2. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of those Australians who still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“its not really necessary and theyre keeping it as a security blanket 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emer
13、gencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。故选A项。3. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“84 percent of Baby Boomers whove perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)”以及
14、文章第五段“That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents (也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (你有
15、多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。2020全国卷I，CRace walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athlete
16、s. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all
17、 times. Its this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walk
18、ers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much
19、 as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries assoc
20、iated with running, such as runners knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sports strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should
21、probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.5. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?A. They must run long distances.B. They are qualified for the marathon.C. They have to follow special rules.D. They are good at swinging their
22、legs.6. What advantage does race walking have over running?A. Its more popular at the Olympics.B. Its less challenging physically.C. Its more effective in body building.D. Its less likely to cause knee injuries.7. What is Dr. Norbergs suggestion for someone trying race walking?A. Getting experts opi
23、nions.B. Having a medical checkup.C. Hiring an experienced coach.D. Doing regular exercises.8. Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking?A. Skeptical.B. Objective.C. Tolerant.D. Conservative.【答案】5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。5.
24、细节理解题。根据第二段“But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。6. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a result, she says,
25、some of the injuries associated with running, such as runners knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。7. 细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr. Norberg说的话“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer t
26、o learn proper technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr. Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。8. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健
27、身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。试题汇编岳阳市2019届高三一模A MENTORING (导师制）program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth. Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.Alex Goldberg, the pro
28、grams founder, said: “We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.” “We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference to our youth. For example, weve secured interns
29、hips (实习) with world-famous firms such as Honda.”“At a time of funding cutbacks, schools are finding it more and more difficult to offer this kind of mentoring because of that It is extremely important that these opportunities are available both to help youth with their school work and grades and to
30、 give them opportunities which may help shape their futures.” Kieran Hepbum, 14, is one of a group of Banbury youth who has benefited from the program so far. In October the Banbury School pupil was accompanied by Young Inspirations staff to Paris where he was an observer at the United Nations Educa
31、tional, Scientific and Cultural Organizations (UNESCO) International Youth Forum(论坛).The event was held for young people from around the world, to seek their views on how the future of youth and education should look. Kieran joined several hundred observers mostly in their 20s and was the only UK sc
32、hool pupil to attend the event. Kieran thinks the trip was a life changing experience. “Before we left 1 didnt quite know what to make of it but when we got there we didn t stop, it was amazing” he said, “We went to three or four hours of debates each day and then did something cultural each afterno
33、on.”The main theme of the forum was how youth can drive change in political and public life. It dealt with issues(问题）such as drug abuse, violence and unemployment. kieran said: “It has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades and I was voted most improv
34、ed pupil at school in August.”The Young Inspirations mentoring sessions take place each Friday in Banbury. For details visit www. younginsviratiom. com.1. Why is The Young Inspirations mentoring program set up?A. To provide youth with unique experiences.B. To train staff for world-famous firms.C. To
35、 equip the unemployed with different skills.D. To offer job opportunities to young adults.2. What does the underlined “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. the shortage of money.B. the lack of support from firms.C. the effect of unemployment.D. the lack of opportunities.3. We can learn from the passage
36、that .A. the visit to the United Kingdom was amazingB. the mentoring sessions are held every day except FridayC. the youth have found a way to solve their problemsD. Kieran has made great progress in many aspects4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Alex Goldberg, Founder o
37、f Young InspirationsB. Kieran, Banbury School Pupil to ParisC. Young People Find a World of OpportunityD. Debates Help Youth with Their Grades2020届四川省天府名校高三5月教学质量联合测评I. M. Pei, one of the best-known architects of the 20th century, has died. He was 102. Born in China, Ieoh Ming Pei moved to the Unite
38、d States in 1935 to study architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University.Peis works around the world include museums, government buildings, hotels, schools and other structures built with stone, steel and glass. One of his best-known and most disputed works was buil
39、t 30 years ago. Pei created a new entrance for the world-famous Louvre Museum in Paris. Pei first spent four months studying the museum and French history. He then drew plans for a 21-meter-tall steel and glass id, with three smaller pyramids nearby. It was a very futuristic style of work for the 12
40、th-century building.A French newspaper criticized Peis pyramids as “an annex to Disneyland”. An environmental group said they belonged in a desert. Others accused Pei of ruining one of the worlds greatest landmarks.Pei said the Louvre was the most difficult job of his career. He argued that he had w
41、anted to create a modern space that would not take away from the traditional part of the museum. He said the glass pyramids were based on the works of French landscape architect Le Notre. They honored French history.The pyramids opened in the spring of 1989. Over the years that followed, the structu
42、re came to be loved by most, if not all, of its critics.Other well-known Pei buildings include the John F. Kennedy Library in Dorchester, Massachusetts, the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, the East Wing of the National Gallery of Art in Washington and the Dallas City H
43、all in Texas. Pei officially retired in 1990. However, he continued to work on projectsincluding museums in Luxembourg, Qatar and his ancestral home of Suzhou.5. What is true about the entrance created by Pei for the Louvre Museum?A. Pei spent four mouths drawing plans for it.B. There are four pyram
44、ids in total.C. Its in a style of the 12th century.D. It took 30 years to complete the work.6. What can we infer from Peis words in Paragraph 4?A. The glass pyramids were originally designed by Le Notre.B. The glass pyramids were based on the French landscape.C. The glass pyramids were in harmony wi
45、th the Louvre.D. The glass pyramids reflected both French and Chinese style.7. What were most peoples attitudes towards Peis pyramids years after its opening?A. Indifferent.B. Puzzled.C. Critical.D. Favorable.8. What do we know about Pei according to the passage?A. He was hardworking, optimistic and
46、 easygoing.B. He spread Chinese traditional architecture to the world.C. He created many great works both in China and other countries.D. He was the most outstanding architect of the 20th century.2020届河北省衡水中学高三第六次调考The 2019 World Conference on VR Industry shows that Virtual Reality (VR) technology c
47、an be used to revolutionize peoples experiences in practically any field.Held in Nanchang from Oct. 19 to 22, the annual conference attracted more than 300 experts, leading scholars and company principals from over 30 countries. The theme of this years World Conference on VR Industry was “VR+5G tor
48、a new age of insight.” Conferences and exhibitions, which hosted more than 2,000 companies from across the world, were held during the event.As China introduces 5G this year, experts and industry insiders said that the VR industry will hug the new era. “We will take the lead in VR technology creativity. For example, the technology has already been applied successfully to this years National Day parade. The popularity of the technology among younger gener