1、专题 12阅读理解之应用文常考题型题 型考查年份考查话题说明文2021年全国甲卷摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况2021年新高考全国卷介绍了罗马的几个价格低廉，安全舒适的旅馆2020年全国卷几个主要的景点的特色，地点和参观时间2020年全国卷四个国家中，那些可以让人们回顾过去的著名景点2020年北京卷名为Lancom的全球性语言学习应用程序方法点拨1. 采用“题干定位法”应用文阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常常是就某一点提问，以细节理解题为主，考生完全没有必要从头到尾全部仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用
2、“题干定位法”，即先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，按照题目顺序依次有针对性地结合题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，阅读相关部分，快速寻找有效信息，再把原文和选项相比较。当问题与材料相同的时候，对号入座；如果问题与原文不同，则可以同义替换、归纳事实等。要注意根据所提问题采用寻读、跳读的方法，这样往往可以达到事半功倍的效果。2. 补全成分法省略词和省略句在应用文阅读材料中大量出现，对于影响语境理解的省略情况，我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。例如：Driver wanted.根据文意，可将该句补充为“A driver will be wanted.(招聘一名司机。)”。3.
3、排除法排除法在应用文阅读中也应用得较多，即排除与文章内容不一致的错误信息，从而确定正确选项。应用信息文解题注意事项1. 不要刻意理解每个词，切勿对内容过分进行理解；2. 文章每一段落相互独立。应用信息文解题步骤1. 读准第一段（含题目），把握文章中心；2. 按顺序略读小标题，把握文章段落结构分布；3. 针对每道小题，按顺序在文中寻找答案。2021年新高考全国卷Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in
4、 a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, youll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.Yellow HostelIf I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. Its one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reas
5、on. Its affordable, and its got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, its close to the main train station.Hostel Alessandro PalaceIf you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for g
6、uests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. Theres also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.Youth Station HostelIf youre looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are p
7、lenty of other benefits, too; it doesnt charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.Hotel and Hostel Des ArtistesHotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and its close to all of the
8、 citys main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.1. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel?A. Comfort.B.
9、Security.C. Price.D. Location.2. Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life?A. Yellow Hostel.B. Hostel Alessandro Palace.C. Youth Station Hostel.D. Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.3. What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes?A. It gets noisy at night.B. Its staff is
10、too talkative.C. It charges for Wi-Fi.D. Its inconveniently located.【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了罗马的几个价格低廉，安全舒适的旅馆。1. 细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社).(对旅行者来说，罗马可能很昂贵，这就是许多人选择住旅社的原因)”可知选择住旅社的旅行者可能最关心的是价格。故选C。2. 细节理解题。根据Hostel Al
11、essandro Palace部分“If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome.（如果你喜欢社交旅馆，这是罗马最适合你的旅馆）”可知如果你喜欢社交旅馆，Hostel Alessandro Palace是罗马最适合你的旅馆。故选B。3. 细节理解题。根据Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes部分“However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.（但是，你需要支付每天2欧元的Wi-Fi）”可知Hotel and Hostel Des Ar
12、tistes的缺点是Wi-Fi收费。故选C。2020全国卷I，ATrain InformationAll customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as schedule
13、d, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.Lost property（失物招领）Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is locate
14、d（位于）at Roma Street station.Public holidaysOn public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days, i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable. Before t
15、ravel please visit translink. com. au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.Customers using mobility devicesMany stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.Guardian trains (outbound)DepartOriginDesti
16、nationArrive6:42pmAltandiVarsity Lakes7:37pm7:29pmCentralVarsity Lakes8:52pm8:57pmFortitude ValleyVarsity Lakes9:52pm11:02pmRoma StreetVarsity Lakes12:22am4. What would you do to get ticket information?A. Call 13 16 17.B. Visit .au.C. Ask at the local station.D. Check the train schedule.5. At which
17、station can you find the lost property office?A. Altandi.B. Roma Street.C. Varsity Lakes.D. Fortitude Valley.6. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?A. 6:42 pm.B. 7:29 pm.C. 8:57 pm.D. 11:02 pm.【答案】4. C 5. B 6. B【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息。4. 细节理解
18、题。根据第一段中“For ticket information, please ask your local station or call 13 12 30.”可知查询车票信息，请向您当地的车站询问或拨打131230。由此可知，你可以询问当地车站或拨打131230来获得车票信息。故选C。5. 细节理解题。根据Lost property部分中“The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located at Roma Street station.”可知失物招领处周一至周五早上7:30到下午
19、5:00营业，位于罗马街车站。由此可知，在Roma Street你可以找到失物招领办公室。故选B。6. 细节理解题。根据Guardian trans部分中信息，可知从起始地Central出发，开往目的地Varsity Lakes的火车是下午7:29开车。由此可知，如果你要从Central去往Varsity Lakes，你应当乘坐下午7:29的火车。故选B。试题汇编辽宁省鞍山市鞍钢高级中学2021届高三一模Welcome to Reading Museums Hands-on Learning ServiceDuring the past 100 years, Reading Museum ha
20、s always been offering learning opportunities to schools, and we hope to continue this tradition for the next 100 years with your support.Victorian SchoolroomThe session takes place in a grand reconstruction of a schoolroom in a late nineteenth century Board School. The children will experience a wi
21、de range of Victorian style lessons and use slate boards and dip pens. The session leader will play the role of a Victorian teacher but will come out of the role during the session to comfort the children. We provide costume for all children.Victorian ToysOur Victorian nanny delivers this interestin
22、g session. The nanny will help children to explore the differences between rich and poor childrens toys from the past. During the session the children have the opportunity to make a toy to take home.Victorian ChristmasIn a specially decorated room the children will find out how the Victorians introd
23、uced many of our Christmas customs. They will make a simple card or present to take home.For up-to-date prices and session details, please visit our website www. Reading museum, org. For all session bookings please phone us on 01189373400. Reservation at least 4 weeks in advance is advised. Please b
24、e ready to tell us when you wish to come. the session(s) you wish to book and the year group of pupils. Our sessions take place between 10: 00 and 12: 00 or 12: 30 and 14: 30. The maximum group size is 35 pupils. We recommend that you bring 5 adults for each group.1. Who will give the Victorian styl
25、e lessons?A. The Victorian nanny.B. The children.C. The session leader.D. The server.2. What can the children do in Victorian Toys?A. They can learn the differences between rich and poor children.B. They can learn something about Christmas customs.C. They can take home the toys made by themselves.D.
26、 They can get interesting Victorian style lessons.3. What can we know about Victorian Christmas?A. The children have to be with their parents.B. The children act as Christmas father.C. At least 35 children are required.D. Each session will last for 2 hours.4. What should you do if you want to attend
27、 the sessions?A. Visit its website often.B. Book at least 4 weeks in advance.C. Explain your ideas on the phone.D. Know the history about Victorian customs.湖南省长沙市一中、深圳实验学校2021届高三联考Whether it was the enchanting characters, the memorable scenes or simply because it was the first film mum or dad took y
28、ou to, these are the movies that have left the most lasting impressions over the decades.Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory“I loved it for two reasons. First, it showed a wonderful, loving extended family. I was fascinated by their kitchen setting and the little corner where the boy Charlie slept.
29、Second, inside the chocolate factory was what all children dreamed of. The whole movie transported me from my childhood worries into a fairyland world.” Margaret McKeeDumbo“For a kid who often felt like he didnt fit in, and wasnt good at anything, it was magical to see Dumbo discover his talent and
30、become loved and celebrated.” Lorraine Cormack“I loved Dumbo as it showed those who are bullied can win if they believe they can.” Mary MadiganThe Never Ending Story“It has to be the most magical movie from my era. The story has everything a young kid can ask for: a great story, a mythical flying do
31、g and an interesting ending. Our family continue to watch it today.” Aaron ElliottThe Sound of Music“When I was young, movies were a treat, with lollies, friends and a canvas seat. There was a special one that I did adore, and many times Ive gone back for more. The songs, the scenery and the storyli
32、ne always transport me to another time. It is such a classic that my memories of it are so fantastic.” Joanne Carter5. What does “Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory” concern?A. An adventurous trip.B. A fantastic world.C. A mysterious friend.D. An unexpected incident.6. Which movie may appeal to a c
33、hild lacking confidence?A. Dumbo.B. The Never Ending Story.C. The Sound of Music.D. Willy Wonka& the Chocolate Factory.7. What does Aaron Elliott think of “The Never Ending Story”?A. It is full of unrealistic things.B. It meets all his expectations.C. It influences people of all ages.D. It is the mo
34、st meaningful movie.辽宁省辽阳市2020届高三一模Activities to Get You Outdoors While TravelingMany of us would enjoy getting outside and escaping our day to day with some fresh air while traveling. But where do you start? Try out a few of these activities and youre sure to find a new outdoor hobby to help you en
35、joy nature on your next holiday.Horseback RidingMany people may shy away from this, excusing lack of experience with horses, but most operators have horses for riders of any experience including none if they meet the physical requirements. Horses can take you greater distances in a shorter time, cov
36、ering areas that would be difficult or inaccessible otherwise.Fly-FishingFor an excuse to stand in a river enjoying the sounds, smells and scenery of some of the most beautiful places, try fly-fishing. Fishing is a perfect activity to enjoy with children, grandparents or whoever. With enough practic
37、e, you may even catch a delicious big fish.Cycling+Mountain BikingOn the path or the road, spending time on a bike allows you to slow down and leisurely take in the scenery around you. Mountain biking can give you the biggest excitement, while road cycling may offer a more peaceful and calming exper
38、ience. Travel with your bike or rent one at your travelling places, and your possibilities for exploration have already increased.Rock ClimbingFor a more physical and challenging experience outdoors, try your hand at rock climbing. You can get a feel for climbing in a gym, but its real rewards lie i
39、n putting those skills to use outside. Many popular travel places have great climbing within a day trip distance.8. Who can take a horseback ride?A. Anybody who wants to take a horse ride.B. Travelers without experience of horse riding.C. Those who have the basic physical conditions.D. The explorers
40、 who like to travel in dangerous places.9. Which activity is fittest for all the families?A. Fly-Fishing.B. Rock Climbing.C. Horseback Riding.D. Cycling+Mountain Biking.10. What do mountain biking and road cycling have in common?A. Allowing travelers to fully enjoy the scenery.B. Slowing down the tr
41、avel to have an enough rest.C. Getting the travelers to have the biggest excitement.D. Offering a more peaceful and comfortable experience.广东省深圳市2021届高三调研The Tanzania ConferenceThe Tanzania Conference will be held in order to create direct communication between the conservation (保护) workers. It is s
42、ponsored by the Rufford Small Grants (RSG), a group that funds nature conservation projects across the developing world.This conference, chaired by Hudson Laizer, will bring 49 people from 7 countries.Two rounds of Experience Sharing Presentations will be held, each consisting of 4 speeches.Feature
43、Presentations:Lucas Kwiyega, TanzaniaHis presentation will focus on his second RSG project of taking new measures to prevent illegal killing of lions in Western Tanzania.Tutilo Mudumba, UgandaHe will talk about how he uses the RSG to collect animal trap and makes these wires into marketable goods.Da
44、niel Niyonsaba, RwandaHe will share his third RSG research project findings which focus on why the elephants are dying out in National Park of Rwanda.Evarastus Obura, KenyaHe will present his project entitled “Understanding the decline of threatened antelopes: using barcoding (条形码) to measure the im
45、pact of damaged wetland”.11. What is the aim of the conference?A. To raise money.B. To set up a project.C. To connect conservationists.D. To look for conservationists.12. How many presentations will be held?A. 8.B. 4.C. 49.D. 7.13. Who will talk about the causes of the elephants extinction?A. Mr. Kw
46、iyega.B. Mr. Mudumba.C. Mr. Niyonsaba.D. Mr. Obura.参考答案辽宁省鞍山市鞍钢高级中学2021届高三一模【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. B【解析】本文是一篇广告。具体介绍了参与阅读博物馆的实践活动的相关情况。1. 细节理解题。根据Victorian Schoolroom部分的“The session leader will play the role of a Victorian teacher but will come out of the role during the session to comfort the childr
47、en.”可知，活动领导人充当教师的角色来教维多利亚风格的课程。故选C。2. 细节理解题。根据Victorian Toys部分“During the session the children have the opportunity to make a toy to take home.”和Victorian Christmas部分“They will make a simple card or present to take home.”这两句话可知，孩子们在Victorian Toys和Victorian Christmas这两个环节可以把自制的物品带回家。故选C。3. 细节理解题。根据最后
48、一段的“Our sessions take place between 10:00 and 12:00 or 12:30 and 14:30.”我们的课程在10:00到12:00或者12:30到14:30，可知所有的课程都是2个小时的时间，故选D。4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Reservation at least 4 weeks in advance is advised. Please be ready to tell us when you wish to come. the session(s) you wish to book and the year group of pupils.”可知，如果你想参加该项目，要至少提前4周预订。