1、课时练 1 阅读理解提速练阅读理解A(2018成都高中毕业班摸底测试)The world record holder for the number of university degrees is a 70yearold Italian.Mr.Luciano Baietti lives in the town of Velletri near Rome and spends his days walking around his small house and garden.But every morning as early as 3 oclock，he pulls out his text
2、books and starts studying.He now holds 15 bachelors or masters degrees from universities across Italy，and is already attempting his 16th. “Thanks to books，I feel free， ”he tells the BBC journalists.“After all，the words share the same root， ”he says，referring to the Italian words libro(book)and liber
3、o(free)The certificates proving his talent hang on the walls of his study， showing people that he was writing new pages in the Guinness Book of Records.In 2002 he got his eighth degree in motor skills.And before that he already had degrees in sociology，literature，law，political science and philosophy
4、，most from Rome s famous La Sapienza University, one of the oldest in the world.Since then，he has added seven other degrees to his list，including one in criminology(犯罪学)，one in military strategies and the latest one in tourism in February 2017.All of these three were from online universities.“Each t
5、ime I set myself a new challenge to see how far my body and my brain can go， ”says Mr.Baietti.【解题导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。来自意大利的 70 岁的 Luciano Baietti 先生是已获得大学学位总数最多的世界纪录保持者。1What can we know about Mr.Baietti from the passage?AHe has a wide range of learning.BHe is the oldest world record holder.CHe has got cr
6、azy about getting degrees.DHe got all his degrees by going to school.A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三至五段可以推断 Luciano Baietti 先生的学习范围非常广泛。a wide range of 意思是“广泛的，多种多样的” ，所以选项 A 正确。2Why has Mr.Baietti tried to get so many degrees?ATo show his talent.BTo challenge himself.CTo become popular.DTo break the world record.B
7、 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Each time I set myself a new challenge to see how far my body and my brain can go”可知选项 B 正确。3Where does this passage most probably come from?AA newspaper. BA biography.CA travel magazine. DA story book.A 解析：推理判断题。根据全文尤其是第四段 Luciano Baietti 先生接受 BBC 采访的信息可以推断本文应该是一篇新闻报道。所以选项 A 正确。B
8、(2018南昌模拟)Next time you are blamed for bad behavior, mainly blame it on the whole apple, pear or any other uncut food that your parents packed in your lunch box.Thats because biting into anything that requires the use of the front teeth, is likely to cause rude behavior in kids! At least thats the c
9、onclusion some researchers from Cornell University have made, after observing the behavior of 12 students at a summer camp.The researchers began by dividing the students into two groups.On the first day, one group was given chicken on the bone.The other was provided with the same chicken cut into de
10、licious, bite size pieces so that the only way to eat it was with a fork.The following day, the food was exchanged, so that the first group received the small pieces and forks, while the second, enjoyed the chicken on the bone.Each day the camp counselors also gave the kids strict instructions to le
11、t them stay within a circle with a 9foot radius.The researcher recorded both the meal time and then asked behavioral experts to evaluate what happened.They agreed that the kids that were required to bite the food were twice as likely to show aggressive behavior and disobey the adults, as those that
12、focused on eating their food with forks.Of course, the latter also showed some rude behavior.If that isnt bad enough, the former group was also more likely to leave their special circle and even, stand and jump on the picnic tables!This has made Mr.Wansink, who led the research and his team, conclud
13、e that for some reasons, kids that bite into their food are more likely to exhibit bad behavior than those forced to eat with forks.Therefore, he advises parents to cut up the food they serve to their kids to enjoy a peaceful meal!【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，孩子吃东西的方式可能会影响他们的行为举止。4What probably results in k
14、ids bad behavior?AThe way kids bite into food.BThe way food is cooked.CThe unhealthy food kids eat.DTheir attitude toward the food.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 Thats because biting into anything that requires the use of the front teeth, is likely to cause rude behavior in kids！可知，孩子表现粗鲁和吃东西的方式有关。故选 A。5Paragr
15、aph 2 mainly shows _Athe result of the researchBthe time on the researchCthe way the research went onDthe difficulties the research facedC 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段的内容可知，研究者做了一个实验，主要是为了研究孩子的粗鲁表现是否和吃东西的方式有关。在实验中孩子们被分成两组，然后在两天里分别用不同的方式吃东西。故本段主要写的是实验方式。故选 C。6What can we learn about the students at the summer camp
16、?AThey enjoyed the food there very much.BThey exhibited different levels of rude behavior.CThey were asked to bite the food with care.DThey were likely to behave badly frequently.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句 They agreed that the kids that were required to bite the food were twice as likely to show aggressive
17、 behavior and disobey the adults, as those that focused on eating their food with forks.可知，因吃饭方式的不同，两组孩子粗鲁的行为出现的次数明显不同。故选 B。7What does Mr.Wansink advise parents to do?ATo eat with their kids often.BTo teach their kids how to eat food.CTo serve their kids with small pieces of food.DTo show their kids
18、 good behavior often.C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句 Therefore, he advises parents to cut up the food they serve to their kids to enjoy a peaceful meal！可知，Wansink 先生建议家长把孩子吃的食物切成小块。故选 C。C(2018江西赣中南五校联考)In its early history，Chicago had floods frequently，especially in the spring，making the streets so muddy that
19、 people，horses and carts got stuck.An old joke that was popular at the time went like this：A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street.Asked if he needs help，he replies， “No，thanks.Ive got a good horse under me.”The city planner decided to build an underground drainage(排水) system，but th
20、ere simply wasnt enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level.The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them wit
21、h dirt.This raised the level of the citys streets by as much as 12 feet.This of course created a new problem：dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.Building owners were faced with a choice：either change the first floors of their buildings into basements，and the second
22、stories into mainfloors，or hoist(吊起) the entire buildings to meet the new street level.Small woodframe buildings could be lifted fairly easily.But what about large，heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel, which was a sixstory brick building?Thats where George Pullman came in.He had developed some ho
23、usemoving skills successfully.To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel， Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews(螺旋千斤顶) beneath the buildings foundation.One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews.At Pullmans sign each man turned his jackscrews by the same amount a
24、t the same time，thereby raising the building slowly and evenly.Astonishingly，the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation，and many of its guests didnt even notice anything was happening.Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicagos early history, every engin
25、eering solution seemed to create a new problem.Now that Chicagos waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River，the citys next step was to clean the polluted river.【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了芝加哥为了应对洪水泛滥的问题而实行了一些解决方案的故事。8The author mentions the joke in Paragraph 1 to show_Ahorses were fairly useful i
26、n ChicagoBChicago s streets were extremely muddyCChicago was very dangerous in the springDthe Chicago people were particularly humorousB 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“In its early history，Chicago had floods frequently，especially in the spring，making the streets so muddy that people，horses and carts got stuck.”可
27、推知，作者提及这个笑话是为了表明芝加哥的街道非常泥泞，故选 B。9The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to_Aget rid of the street dirtBlower the Chicago RiverCfight against heavy floodsDbuild the pipes above groundD 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句 “An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to
28、build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt.”可知，Ellis Chesbrough 让城市规划者相信在地上建管道才能解决洪水泛滥所带来的问题，故选 D。10What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?AIt went on smoothly as intended.BIt interrupted the business of the hotel.CIt involved Pullman in turning ten jack
29、screws.DIt separated the building from its foundation.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段内容可推知，用螺旋千斤顶把 the Tremont Hotel 升高的事项进展顺利，故选 A。11The passage is mainly about the early Chicagos_ Apopular lifestyles and their influencesBenvironmental disasters and their causesCengineering problems and their solutionsDsuccessful
30、 businessmen and their achievementsC 解析：主旨大意题。结合全文可知，本文主要讲的是早期芝加哥如何应对洪水泛滥的问题的故事，故选 C。D(2018四川绵阳诊断)Loneliness is like a disease, and whats worse, its contagious. It can spread from one person to another, according to the recent research that stresses the power of one persons emotions to affect even p
31、eople he doesnt know.The new analysis, involving 4，793 people who were interviewed every two years between 2005 and 2015, showed that a friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness by the time of the next interview.A friend of that person was 25% more likely, and a
32、 friend of a friend of a friend was 15% more likely.“Loneliness is not just the property of an individual.It can be transmitted across peopleeven people you dont have direct contact with， ” said John TCacioppo, a psychologist of the University of Chicago who led the study published in the Journal of
33、 Personality and Social Psychology.Loneliness has been linked to medical problems, including depression, sleep problems and generally poorer physical health.Identifying some of the causes could help reduce the emotion and improve health, experts said.Although the study did not examine how loneliness
34、 spreads, Cacioppo said another research has provided clues.“Lets say for whatever reason you get lonely.You then interact with other people in a more negative fashion.That puts them in a negative mood and makes them more likely to interact with other people in a negative fashion and they minimize t
35、heir social ties and become lonely， ” Cacioppo said.According to Cacioppo, loneliness spread more easily among women than men, perhaps because women were more likely to express emotions.Lonely people become less and less trusting others.This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friendsa
36、nd more likely that society will reject them.Therefore, it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness. Cacioppo emphasizes people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一项新的数据分析向我们介绍了孤独的危害。12It can be concluded fro
37、m the first paragraph that _Aloneliness spreads in social networksBemotions are only transmitted between friendsCmore and more people are suffering from lonelinessDloneliness is actually a kind of diseaseA 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的 “its contagious.It can spread from one person to another”可知，孤独是可以传染的，它可以从一个人传给
38、另一个人，故选 A。13According to Cacioppo, lonely people _Arely heavily on othersBare more likely to trust othersCare less likely to be rejected by friendsDwill probably be deserted by societyD 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的 “more likely that society will reject them”可知，Cacioppo 认为孤独的人可能会被社会抛弃，故选 D。14The word “minimize”
39、in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “_”Aincrease BreduceCcreate DkeepB 解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段内容可推知，孤独的人用一种消极的方式去和别人交往，这会减少他们的社会关系，让他们变得孤独，故选 B。15What should lonely people do to get rid of loneliness?ARefuse the help given by others.BAdmit and try to solve it.CInteract with others more negatively.DExpres
40、s emotions more often.B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的第三句“Therefore, it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness.”可知，承认和应对孤独很重要，故选 B。七选五(2018广州检测)Philadelphia is a city known for many things. It is where the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776, and it was also the first capital of the United
41、States. 1._ It is home to nearly 3，000 murals(壁画) painted on the sides of homes and buildings around the city. Thats more murals than any other city on Earth. 2._More than 20 years ago, a New Jersey artist named Jane Golden started a program pairing troubled youth with artists to paint murals on a f
42、ew buildings around the city. 3._ The teenagers involved helped to create magnificent pieces of art, and there were other, even more important, benefits. The young people learned to cooperate and get along with many different kinds of people during the painting. They learned to be responsible, becau
43、se they needed to follow a schedule to make sure the murals were completed. 4._ It is hard for anyone to see the spectacular designs and not feel proud to be a part of Philadelphia.Take a walk around some of the poorest neighbourhoods in Philadelphia and you will find beautiful works of art on the s
44、ides and fronts of buildings. Of course the murals are not just in poor neighbourhoods, but richer ones as well. Special buses take tourists to different parts of the city to see the various murals, which show the diverse ethnic groups that call Philadelphia home.5_ It is also a model for other citi
45、es throughout America seeking to help troubled youth.AHow did this come to be?BWhat happened to the murals on earth?CThey also learned to take pride in their community.DBut one fact about Philadelphia is not so wellknown.EFrom this small project, something magical happened.FThe program encouraged tr
46、oubled youth to paint together with their teachers.GAs a result of its success, the mural program has now become the nations largest public art program.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了费城壁画的发展历史及其重大意义。1D 解析：由本段第一句可知，费城因为许多东西而闻名。D 项“但是有一个事实不是很为人所知”是对前文的转折，同时引出本文所要介绍的内容，承上启下，符合语境。故选 D 项。2A 解析：上一句介绍了费城拥有比世界其他城市都多的
47、壁画；下文介绍了费城壁画发展的历史。A 项“这是怎么出现的？ ”承上启下，符合语境。故选 A 项。3E 解析：根据下一句中的 “there were other, even more important, benefits”可知，这些问题少年参与到壁画的创作中，并且在这个过程中带来了更重要的益处。E 项“从这个小小的项目中，一些神奇的事情发生了”引出了对壁画益处的介绍，符合语境。故选 E 项。4C 解析：根据下一句“It is hard for anyone.not feel proud to be a part of Philadelphia.”可知，人们开始将这些壁画当作是费城引以为傲的一
48、部分。C 项意为“他们同样学会了为自己的社区感到骄傲” ，句中的“also”承接上文，take pride in 与下文中的“feel proud”相呼应，承上启下，符合语境。故选 C 项。5G 解析：根据下一句“It is also a model for other cities.”可知，最后总结了壁画对费城产生的影响。G 项意为“由于它的成功，这个壁画项目已经成为整个国家最大的公共艺术项目” ，是对费城壁画的地位评价，总结全文，符合语境。故选 G 项。课时练 2 知识运用板块练完形填空(2018长郡中学实验班选拔考试)One of the most remarkable things about the human mind is our ability to imagine the future.In our_1_ we can see what has not yet happened.For example，while we are looking forward to _2_ a new place or country，we _3_ what it will be like.We predict the _4_ people will eat，dress and act.Of course，we do not alway