1、课时练 1 阅读理解提速练阅读理解A(2018福州毕业班适应性练习)Known as “The Man with the Golden Arm”，nearly every week for the past 60 years，James Harrison has donated blood plasma(血浆) from his right arm. The reasons can date back to a serious medical procedure.“When I was 14，I had a chest operation， ”recalls Harrison，who is n
2、ow aged 80.“My father said I had received 13 units of blood and my life had been saved by unknown people. So I said when Im old enough，I ll become a blood donor.”Soon after Harrison became a donor，doctors called him in. His blood，they said，could be the answer to a deadly problem.“In Australia，up unt
3、il about 1967，there were about thousands of babies dying each year because of the rhesus disease(恒河猴溶血病)， ”explains Jemma Falkenmire，of the Australian Red Cross Blood Service.Harrison was discovered to have an unusual antibody(抗体) in his blood and in the 1960s he worked with doctors to use the antib
4、odies to develop an injection(注射)called AntiD which can prevent this disease.Harrisons blood is precious. Every batch of AntiD that has ever been made in Australia has come from Harrisons blood. He and AntiD are credited with saving the lives of more than 2 million babies，according to the Australian
5、 Red Cross Blood Service：Thats about 2 million lives saved by one mans blood.Harrison is considered a national hero，and has won numerous awards. He has now donated his plasma more than 1，000 times，but no matter how many times hes given blood theres one thing that will never change：“I look at the cei
6、ling or the nurses，maybe talk to them a bit, but never once have I watched the needle go in my arm. I cant stand the sight of blood，and I cant stand pain， ”he says.【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了 James Harrison 用自己的血液挽救了超过两百万名婴儿生命的故事。1What was the main reason for Harrisons becoming a blood donor?AHe has a gol
7、den arm.BHe has precious blood plasma.CHis father encouraged him to help others.DDonated blood once made him survive.D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的 “My father said I had received 13 units of blood and my life had been saved by unknown people. So I said when Im old enough，Ill become a blood donor.”可知，Harrison 知道他
8、的生命是被不相识的人救的，所以长大后要做一个献血者。故 D 项正确。2Why is James blood precious?AJames has the AntiD in his blood.BHis blood is more useful in treating the rhesus disease.CJames blood is the main source of AntiD in Australia.DJames has donated more plasma than other donators.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第六段第一、二句可知， Harrison 的血液宝贵的原
9、因是他的血液是澳大利亚 AntiD 的主要来源，故 C 项正确。3How does Harrison feel when donating his plasma?ANervous. BRelaxed.CAnxious. DExcited.A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “I look at the ceiling or the nurses，maybe talk to them a bit, but never once have I watched the needle go in my arm.”可知，在献血时他看着天花板或者护士，也许跟护士聊一聊，但从来不看针扎进手臂。据此可以判
10、断，他在献血时很紧张，故 A 项正确。B(2018江西赣中南五校联考)Before I studied psychology，I used to think that people would laugh when funny things occurred.While I was right about that，I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other than the funny part of a joke.When someone laughs at
11、a joke，there will usually be more than one reason that makes him laughand the more reasons there are，the more powerful the joke will be.I was attending a standup comedy show in Egypt，and when the man started to make fun of pedestrians crossing streets，everyone laughed their heads off.The main reason
12、 why those people strongly laughed was that almost all of them felt angry towards pedestrians who crossed streets carelessly.The joke wasnt only funny，but it also made the audience feel that they were right about being angry at those pedestrians. That is, people were laughing both because of the fun
13、ny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got.The better a joke makes a person feel，and the more it includes other psychological factors， the more the person will like it.For example，if you envy one of your friends，and someone tells a joke that is
14、 funny and，at the same time，makes your friend seem stupid，then you will probably laugh at it louder than if you werent jealous of him.In short，we dont laugh only when we hear something funny; we also laugh when we experience some kind of happiness that results from the other psychological factors in
15、volved in the joke.I strongly discourage you from making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh.All I want to explain is that if your joke supports a persons emotions，he will certainly like it a lot.【解题导语】 本文主要分析了人们笑的原因。4What did the author find out after studying psychology?
16、AOnly good jokes make people laugh.BMany factors lead to peoples laughing.CFunny things can make people laugh.DLaughter can make people healthy.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，作者在学了心理学之后发现，笑不仅仅是因为事情好笑，还有很多其他的心理因素的促成和影响，故选 B。5Why did the audience laugh loud at the pedestrians?AThey played a trick on the pedest
17、rians.BThe pedestrians behaved in a funny way.CThey could feel the pedestrians happiness.DTheir emotion was approved of by the show.D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可推知，人们对行人的行为大笑的原因是他们在心理上产生了共鸣，故选 D。6What does the underlined word“belittling”probably mean?AAnnoy. BBlame.CLook down on. DMake up to.C 解析：词义猜测题。根据最后
18、一段倒数第二句可推知，动词 belittle 和短语 make fun of是近义词，结合选项可知，应选 C。annoy “使恼怒” ；blame“责怪” ；look down on“蔑视，瞧不起” ；make up to “接近，奉承，补足” 。7Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?B 解析：推理判断题。结合全文可知，第一段导入话题；第二、三段通过具体事例进行分析；根据文章最后一段的开头“In short”可知，最后一段属于总结。由此可知，本文属于总分总的结构，符合本文结构的图表是 B 选项。C(201
19、8福州毕业班适应性练习)No human has set foot on the Moon since 1972. Now，after more than four decades of inactivity， interest in putting humans back on the Moon is finally heating up again. But who will get there first?CHINAOn 14 December 2013，China successfully landed its Jade Rabbit rover(探测车) on the Moon. I
20、t is now working on its next exploration mission. Named Change 4，the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018. If successful，it will be the first landing on the Moons far side.RUSSIARussia plans a manned Moon landing in 2030. It is currently working on a project wh
21、ose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站) INDIAFollowing the success of its Chandrayaan1 in 2008，India announced a followon mission. Chandrayaan2 was meant to cooperate wi
22、th Russia. But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013，India decided to go it alone. Chandrayaan2 is about to be sent up in 2018.US.A.In December 2018，NASA plans to send up the Exploration Mission 1，an uncrewed test of their Orion astronaut capsule in which the craft will cir
23、cle around the Moon before returning to Earth. All being well，a crewed capsule will follow in 2023. Should the mission prove a success， the astronauts will be the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes since Apollo 17 in 1972.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国、俄罗斯、印度和美国的登月计划。8What wil
24、l China do in its next space mission?AImprove its Jade Rabbit rover.BWork with other countries.CLand Change 4 on the Moon.DExplore the south pole of the Moon.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，嫦娥四号将在 2018 年底降落在月球Aitken Basin 地区。据此可知，中国的下一步空间计划是嫦娥四号登月，故 C 项正确。9Why did India try to carry out its followon mission a
25、lone?AIt couldn t find a partner.BIt didnt get the lander as planned.CThe Russians refused to work with India.DIt planned to launch Chandrayaan2 in advance.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知，由于俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器，因此印度决定自己实施登月计划，故 B 项正确。10Which country is interested in resources on the Moon?ARussia. BChina.CIndia. DU.S
26、.A.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，当前俄罗斯正启动一项工程，其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极，寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。故 A 项正确。11What can we know from the text?ARussia has built a human outpost on the Moon.BChina will be the first to see the far side of the Moon.CU.S.A. will send a crewed capsule to the Moon in the future.DHumans have kept ac
27、tive in exploring the Moon since 1972.C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第二句可知，如果一切顺利，美国将于 2023 年发送载人太空舱登月。据此可知，美国将在未来实施载人登月计划，故 C 项正确。D(2018辽宁大连双基测试)For many people, being on the job might just sound like a picnic compared to a day at home filled with housework, meals and childcare.Even for those with a happy family
28、life, home can sometimes feel more taxing than work.In a new study, researchers at Penn State University found significantly and consistently lower levels of cortisol (皮质醇) released in response to stress, in a majority of subjects when they were at work compared to when they were at home.This was tr
29、ue for both men and women, and parents and people without children.Both men and women showed less stress at work.But women were more likely to report feeling happier there.Men were more likely to feel happier at home.Experts say there are other reasons why work is less stressful than home for many.“
30、Paid work is more valued in society， ”says Sarah Damaske, the lead researcher on the study.“Household work is boring and not particularly rewarding.”We get better at our job with time and the increased competence means less stress and more rewards.Yet none of us, no matter how long weve been doing i
31、t, ever truly feels like an expert at parenting or even at marriage.The support and friendship of coworkers also offer stress relief.At home, meanwhile, stress spreads and accumulates quickly.“Thats the reason why most housewives wish they were the bread earners， ” Dr.Damaske says.Much of the advice
32、 to families and couples includes the warning to leave work stress at the office and even to change our mindset from work to home, for example, a walk around the block.The recent findings, though, suggest our home life, not our attitude, might be due for some change.【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了一项研究， 该研究表明越来越多的人认为
33、上班比在家做家务、做饭和带孩子更轻松一些。12Which of the following can replace the underlined word “taxing”？AStressful. BCheerful.CWorthwhile. DRewarding.A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句可知， 很多人认为与在家做家务、做饭和带孩子相比， 工作像野餐一样。言外之意， 上班比在家轻松， 在家比上班更有压力。故选A。13What did the research in the second paragraph prove?AMen felt better at home.BWomen
34、 felt they had less time.CWomen were easier to feel happier.DMost people felt more stress at home.D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知， 研究发现：比起在家里，大多数人在工作的时候， 面对压力， 他们的皮质醇水平显著且连续地降低。 这项研究证明大多数人感觉在家更有压力。故选 D。14What do most people think of work at the office?AIt is competitive.BIt improves ability.CIt cant relieve st
35、ress.DIt doesnt always pay off.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“We get better at our job with time and the increased competence.rewards.”可知， 随着时间的推移， 大多数的人在工作中能提高能力。故选 B。15According to the recent findings, what should we change to solve the problem mentioned?AOur attitude.BOur mindset.COur home life.DOur workin
36、g style.C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句 “The recent findings, though, suggest our home life, not our attitude, might be due for some change.”可知， 我们的家庭生活得以改变才能解决问题。故选 C。七选五(2018长沙高中毕业生供题)Its easy to talk yourself out of exercising. Even when you have the best intentions to work out, excuses are so easy to fin
37、d“Im too tired” or “Im busy” or “The weather is bad”. Dont worry! 1._Take baby steps. You would never try to run 10 miles on one day, right? When you do too much too soon, youll end up injured and discouraged. Take it easy as you get started. Maybe you only run a quarter of a mile during your first
38、week. 2._Show the clock who is boss. Health experts say you should aim for at least 150 minutes of exercise a week, plus weight training at least twice a week. If you work too late to get to a gym, keep a set of weights at home. If you cant do 30 minutes at once, break it up into 10or 15minute secti
39、ons.3._ Your workout should be just as much a habit as brushing your teeth or eating breakfast. When its part of your routine, you wont even have to think about it. In a few months, fitness can be regular in your day.Keep it real. Youre not going to shake off 30 pounds in a week. 4._For example, inc
40、rease your workout schedule from 2 to 3 days a week, or exercise for 15 more minutes each time.Celebrate! 5._Therefore, even a pound of weight loss or a pound of muscle gain is the reason to reward yourself. Go out with friends, or buy a new pair of jeans.AGet used to it.BDo it for yourself.CIt take
41、s weeks to see real changes.DKeep a fitness journal to record your progress.EAim for something thats realistic as a first step.FThe following tricks can keep your fitness routine on track.GWhen it becomes easy for you, you can make it more challenging.【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了能使自己坚持锻炼的几条建议。1F 解析：根据空前的不去运动的借口以及
42、下文的建议可知，空处在文中起到了承上启下的过渡作用，所以选 F 项。2G 解析：根据本段的主题句 “Take baby steps”及上文的“Take it easy as you get started. Maybe you only run a quarter of a mile during your first week.”可推知，你可以循序渐进，逐步挑战更大强度的锻炼，所以选 G 项。3A 解析：根据空后的“Your workout should be just as much a habit as brushing your teeth or eating breakfast.”可
43、推知，要养成锻炼的习惯，并自觉去做，所以选 A 项。4E 解析：根据空前的“Keep it real. Youre not going to shake off 30 pounds in a week.”可知，锻炼的目标要现实可行，所以选 E 项。5C 解析：根据空后的“ Therefore，even a pound of weight loss or a pound of muscle gain is the reason to reward yourself.”可推知，锻炼的效果并不会立竿见影，只要有效就值得庆贺，所以选 C 项。课时练 2 知识运用板块练完形填空(2018江西赣中五校联考
44、)My mother was a responsible teacher and she retired.So I decided to give her one of my old computers to help her pass the time.She had a little bit of computer_1_，so I just set it up for her and let her_2_with it on her own.As time went on，I_3_the computer was hardly touched.She said she didnt know
45、_4_to use it.I decided to teach her.I sat and_5_everything and she seemed OK with what I said.Unfortunately，my sister called me at that moment_6_we talked on the phone for an hour.Then when I saw her again，she was sitting in front of the computer，looking quite_7_The screen saver(屏幕保护程序) had appeared
46、 and she didnt know how to_8_it off.She had tried_9_every key and it didnt work.I told her， “Just_10_the mouse a little.”What I meant was that she just needed to move the mouse around to_11_the computer up.What she did was to_12_the mouse and start shaking it around in midair until the_13_went compl
47、etely black.I couldnt help laughing because of her funny_14_The more I laughed the_15_she got.She thought that I was a(n)_16_teacher and she decided to figure the thing out herself.Well，at least I helped her overcome her_17_of breaking something and encouraged her to_18_a little.About a week later，I
48、 found a homemade_19_ card with a mouse on the front making a funny face_20_to my door.It said， “Thanks for the computer lessons.Love，Mom.”【解题导语】 该文主要讲述了作者教退休的母亲玩电脑的有趣故事。1A.theory BknowledgeCtechnology DhistoryB 解析：根据下文中的“She said she didnt know_to use it.I decided to teach her.”可推知，作者的母亲对电脑所知甚少，此处指电脑知识(knowledge) 。2A.watch BtrainCplay DseeC 解析：根据上文中的“So I decided to give her one of my old computers to help her pass the time.”可知，作者给母亲一台自己的旧电脑是让退休的母亲自己玩。play with.“玩” 。3A.found BheardCthought DignoredA 解析：随着时间的推移，作者发现 (found)电脑几乎没被碰过。4A.why BwhenCho