1、八下语法复习 unit 9-unit 10 现在完成时现在完成时 Present perfect tense 定义：定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或结果。对现在造成的影响或结果。Unit 9 构成：构成：1.肯定句肯定句 现在完成时的肯定句式是现在完成时的肯定句式是“have(has)过去分词过去分词。注意：该句式中的注意：该句式中的have或或has是助动词，是助动词，has用于用于 第三人称单数，其它人称一律用第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。2.否定句否定句：现在完成时的否定句式是：现在完成时的否定句式是 “havent（ha
2、snt）过去分词”。）过去分词”。3.疑问句：疑问句：现在完成时的一般疑问句式现在完成时的一般疑问句式 是把助动词是把助动词have或或has提到主语之前提到主语之前。回答用回答用Yes,have(has)./No,havent(hasnt).时间状语时间状语：already,yet,ever,never,just,before,several times 等。等。1.never“从来没有，从不”，表示否定。从来没有，从不”，表示否定。e.g.He has never seen such a tall building.他他从未从未见过这么高的楼。见过这么高的楼。2.ever“曾经”，主要用于
3、疑问句。曾经”，主要用于疑问句。e.g.Have you ever wanted to travel around the world?你你曾经曾经想要周游世界吗？想要周游世界吗？注意：注意：never,ever一般置于助动词一般置于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前之后，过去分词之前。have been to与与have gone to 的区的区别别 have(has)been to意为“意为“曾经去过某曾经去过某地地”，”，表示现在已经不在那里了。表示现在已经不在那里了。e.g.Ive just been to the post office.我刚才去邮局了。我刚才去邮局了。Have
4、 you ever been to Hangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？你曾经去过杭州吗？Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。玛丽从未去过长城。have(has)been to 后面可接次数，后面可接次数，表示表示去过某地几次去过某地几次。e.g.Ive been to Beijing three times.我去过北京三次。我去过北京三次。They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。他们去过那个村庄好几次了。2.have(has)gone to 意为“意为“到某地
5、去了到某地去了”，”，表示表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场总之，说话时该人不在现场。e.g.Where is Tom?汤姆在哪里？汤姆在哪里？He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。他到书店去了。比较：比较：I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。我看过这部电影。(我了解这部电影的内容我了解这部电影的内容)I saw the film last month.我上个月看了这部电影。我上个月看了这部电影。(只说明上星期看了这部电影，只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况不涉及现在的情况)一般过去
6、时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时一般过去时只强调过去的动作；只强调过去的动作；现在现在 完成时完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响。强调过去的事情对现在的影响。一般过去时一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状通常与表示过去的时间状 语连用；语连用；现在完成时现在完成时则不能与表示过则不能与表示过 去的时间状语连用。去的时间状语连用。一般过去时一般过去时单纯表示过去的经历；单纯表示过去的经历；现现 在完成时在完成时表示过去的动作或状态延续表示过去的动作或状态延续 到现在并可能持续下去。到现在并可能持续下去。一般过去时一般过去时的时间状语有：的时间状语有：yesterday,last week,ago,in
7、1980,in October,just now 现在完成时现在完成时的时间状语有：的时间状语有：for,since,ever,never,just,already,yet,in past years Exercises 一、单项选择。一、单项选择。1._ you ever _ the history museum,Paul?No,I havent.A.Do;visit B.Did;visit C.Have;visited D.Had;visited 2.Hi,Tom!_ you ever _ the Birds Nest?Yes,I have.Its fantastic.A.Have;bee
8、n to B.Have;gone to C.Did;go to D.Do;go to 3.He likes traveling and he_ many countries so far.A.has gone to B.has been to C.went to D.would go to C A B 4.Paris is a wonderful place.So it is.I_ there twice.A.have been B.have gone C.went D.will go 5.Where is Mr.Green?He _ to Sanya for a trip.Though he
9、 _ there twice,he still likes there very much.A.has gone;went B.has gone;has been C.went;was D.has been;has gone A B 二、用二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.I _(study)English at this school for three years.2.Yao Ming _(go)to America three months ago.3.I need _(improve)my spoken English.4.At first she
10、_(think)about going camping,but later she changed her mind.5.How long have you been _(wait)here?6.Its fun _(learn)another language.have studied went to improve thought waiting to learn 一、含一、含since 或或 for 的现在完成时的现在完成时 某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“常与“for+时间段”、“时间段”、“since过去的时间过去的时间点或从句”或“点或从
11、句”或“since+时间段时间段ago”连用。”连用。He has worked here for over twenty years.He has learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.Shes been at this school since five years ago.Unit 10 练一练 选择选择for或或since填空填空。1.I have been here _ five months ago.2.He has been a soldier _ about two months.3.Great c
12、hanges have taken place _ you left.4.His grandpa has been dead _ ten years.5.I have studied English _ I was 12 years old.6.It is two years _ I became a postgraduate student.since for since for since since 二、现在完成时中的谓语动词二、现在完成时中的谓语动词 在现在完成时中，与“for+时间段”、“since+过去的时间点或从句”或“since时间段ago”连用的动词必须为延续性动词延续性动词
13、。常见的延续性动词有 have，live，teach，learn，work，study，know 等；常见的非延续性动词（词组）有 come，go，leave，start，die，finish，become，join，buy，get married 等。他入团两年了。他入团两年了。()He has joined the League for two years.()He has been a League member for two years.这块手表我买了两年了。这块手表我买了两年了。()I have bought this watch for two years.()I have ha
14、d this watch for two years.【拓展延伸】部分非延续性动词（词组）和与之对应的延续性动词（词组）的部分非延续性动词（词组）和与之对应的延续性动词（词组）的表达。表达。非延续性动词（词组）延续性动词（词组）become be borrow keep buy have get up be up fall asleep be asleep make friends be friends finish be over leave be away(from)非延续性动词（词组）非延续性动词（词组）延续性动词（词组）延续性动词（词组）open be open close be cl
15、osed lose be lost die be dead join be a member of/be in begin/start be on come/go be here/there turn on/off be on/off 练一练 1)Becky (has been,has become)a doctor for ten years.She likes her job very much.2)We are late.The movie (has started,has been on)for ten minutes.3)Ken,you should return the book
16、to the library.You _(have borrowed,have kept)it for more than two weeks.4)I (have bought,have had)this bike since I was ten,so I want to buy a new one.has been has been on have kept have had Exercises 一、单项选择。一、单项选择。1.As an exchange student,Alan _ Wuhan for one and a half years.A.has been to B.has be
17、en in C.has gone to D.goes to 2.Betty _ hard since last term.Thats why her exam results are so good!A.has worked B.will work C.worked D.was working B A 3.You have a nice car.Thank you.I _ it for less than one month.A.bought B.have bought C.had D.have had 4.Im sorry for being late.Never mind.The meet
18、ing _ for only 5 minutes.This way,please.A.has begun B.has ended C.has been on D.has been over D C 5.I _ Ann with her Chinese over years,but she cant speak it at all.Never mind.She is too young.A.have helped B.help C.helping D.helped 6.Im sorry,Lucy.I _ your computer for such a long time.Never mind.A.have borrowed B.have lent C.have kept D.have returned A C 7.My brother _ this book for two days.A.has bought B.has kept C.has borrowed D.has lent 8.It _ ten years since he left the army.A.is B.has C.will D.were B A