1、八下语法复习 unit 7-unit 8 一、比较级和最高级的构成 单音节和部分双音节词 多音节词和部分双音节词 一般在词尾直接加-er或-est 以e结尾的，加-r或-st 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，改y为i加-er或-est 重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，双写这个辅音字母后加-er或-est 在单词前加 more构成比较级，加most构成最高级 longlongerlongest nicenicernicest heavyheavierheaviest bigbiggerbiggest beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful 1.规则变化 Unit 7
2、 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best many/much more most bad/badly worse worst little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest“比较级+than any other+可数名词单数”=“比较级+than the other+可数名词复数”表示“比其他任何都”,表示最高级含义，可与表示最高级的句子进行转换。My father is the tallest one in my family.=My father is taller than any
3、other member in my family.=My father is taller than the other members in my family.可用于修饰形容词和副词比较级程度的副词（短语）有：much,a little,even,a lot,a bit,far等。二、比较级的用法 1.（the+）最高级）最高级+in/of 短语短语 该结构意为“中最的”。I think spring is the best time of a year.Tom works(the)hardest in Class 3.2.one of the+最高级最高级+可数名词复数可数名词复数+i
4、n/of 短语短语 该结构意为“中最的之一”。Hangzhou is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.of与in都有“在.当中”的意思。但它们有严格的区别。用of的时候,主语同of后面的词是指同一类的人或物。而用in的时候,主语同in后面的词是指不同类的人或物。三、最高级的用法 3.the+序数词序数词+最高级最高级+可数名词单数可数名词单数+in/of 短语短语 该结构意为“在中是第几的”（从第二开始）。China is the third largest country in the world.4.Which/Who +最高级最
5、高级,A,B or C?该结构意为“A，B，C中，哪个/谁最？”。Which is the biggest,Beijing,Shanghai or Guangzhou?【特别提醒】(1)最高级前有物主代词、名词所有格等修饰时，其前不加the。The Yangtze River is Chinas longest river.(2)当most表示“非常”时，其前不加the It is a most useful book.1)Qomolangma is _than any other mountain in the world.2)The Sahara is _ desert in the wo
6、rld.3)The Caspian Sea is _ of all the salt lakes.4)The Nile is _ river in the world.5)Whats _ mountain in the world?Fill in the blanks.higher the biggest the deepest the longest the highest 6)China has _ population in the world.7)Its a lot _ than the population of the US.8)China is over 5000 years o
7、ld.It has a _ _ history than the US.9)China is almost as _ as the US,and it is the _ country in Asia.the biggest bigger much longer big biggest 10)Did you know that China is one of _ countries in the world?Yes,I did.Its _ _ than my country.11)This makes it _ wall in the world.12)Its _ part.13)One of
8、 the worlds _ sports is mountain climbing,and one of _ places for this is the Himalayas.the oldest much older the longest the most famous most dangerous the most popular 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.This question is quite _.That one is _ than this one.(difficult)2.I think table tennis is as _(e
9、xcite)as soccer.3.Which of these books would you like _(much)?4.Take exercise one hour a day,and you will become _ (strong)than before.5.Uncle Wang doesnt drive as _ as Uncle Liu.I think Uncle Liu drives _.(carefully)difficult more difficult exciting most stronger carefully more carefully 现在完成时（一）现在
10、完成时（一）一、现在完成时的基本结构 现在完成时由“助动词 have/has+过去分词”构成，其基本句式结构为：肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.I have seen this film.否定句：主语+have/has not+过去分词+其他.I have not seen this film.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答：No,主语+havent/hasnt.Have you seen the film?Yes,I have./No,I havent.和主语一致 have not=havent;has
11、not=hasnt have/has 常可缩略为-ve/-s Unit 8 二、过去分词的构成 1.规则变化（与动词过去式规则一样，此类称作规则动词）一般在词尾直接加-ed 以不发音的e结尾的，加-d 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，改y为i加-ed 重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，双写这个辅音字母后加-ed workworked slicesliced studystudied stopstopped-ed 的读音规则：在元音或浊辅音后读 d，如 tried d，lived d。在清辅音后读，如 worked wkt，stopped stpt。在td后读 d，如 mended mend d，wan
12、ted wn d。2.不规则变化（此类称作不规则动词，有很多）原形（不定式）过去式 过去分词 be was/were been have had had choose chose chosen put put put run ran run 参看课本P136-137 Irregular Verbs（不规则动词表）三、现在完成时的用法 1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和 just（刚刚），already（已经），yet（还，仍然），ever（曾经），never（从未），before（以前），so far（到目前为止）等连用。Have you had your break
13、fast yet?Yes,I have.Ive just had it.Have you ever heard this song?No.Ive never heard it before.Julia has collected over 100 beautiful hair clips so far.2.现在完成时还可以表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“for+时间段”或“since+时间点/从句”连用，这时要用延续性动词。They have worked in this company for 30 years.He has been in the army sinc
14、e 2016.（错：He has joined the army since 2016.）【特别提醒】如果要对 for 或 since 短语提问，疑问词用 how long。How long have you lived in this area?For at least 10 years.四、already 与 yet 在现在完成时中的用法解析 yet 常用于否定句或疑问句句末。用于表示某事尚未发生或某情形尚未出现，或用于询问某事是否已经发生。He hasnt finished the book yet.Have you seen him yet?already 常用于肯定句中，用于强调某事
15、已经开始出现；也可用于疑问句中，表示因某事的发生早于预料而感到吃惊。They have already known each other.Have you eaten all that food already?五、现在完成时 VS 一般过去时 1.现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，因此不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。I have already done my homework.（不能用last night等）Ive been to Paris before.（不能用last year等）2.一般过去时只表示过去的动作和状态，与现在无关。可以和表示过去
16、的时间状语连用。I did my homework last night.When did you go to Paris?（when 一定不要和现在完成时连用）Exercises 一、单项选择。一、单项选择。1.Its ten years since we came here.How time flies!We _ in China for so long.A.work B.worked C.will work D.have worked 2.Today,all the erhu masters play and praise Erquan Yingyue.It _ one of China
17、s national treasures.A.becomes B.became C.has become D.become 3.Miss Brown,we _ cleaning our classroom.Can we go home now?A.finish B.finishing C.are finished D.have finished D C D 4.Your new watch is so nice!When did you buy it?In April.I _ it for two months.A.have had B.had C.have bought D.bought 5
18、.Has your sister finished reading _?Yes.She has_ finished.A.yet;yet B.yet;already C.already;yet D.already;already A B 二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1.She _(not read)the book yet.2._ you _(decide)which book to buy yet?3.Tom wont go to the cinema with us because he _ already _(see)the film.4.David hasnt _(finish)_(read)Harry Potter yet.5.We _ just _(clean)the classroom.6.I _(lend)my bike to her yesterday,but she _(not give)it back to me yet.hasnt read Have has seen finished have cleaned decided reading lent hasnt given