1、北京市西城区2021-2022学年高一下期末考试英语试卷第卷(共75分).听力理解（共三节，22.5分）第一节:(共4小题;每小题1.5分，共6分)听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。1. When will the speakers have dinner together?A. On Wednesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday.2. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. In a restaurant. B. In
2、 a hotel. C. In a store.3. What will the speakers do next?A. Play table tennis. B. Buy a table tennis bat. C. Book a table tennis room.4. How does the man feel?A. Strange. B. Tired. C. Disappointed.第二节:（共6小题；每小题1.5分，共9分）听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听两遍。听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。5. What doe
3、s the man have to do today?A. See a doctor. B. Have a meeting. C. Visit a lawyer.6. What does the woman offer to do for the man?A. Sign a few papers. B. Make an appointment. C. Answer his phone calls.听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。7. What is the woman doing?A. Asking for advice. B. Giving an introduction. C. Cond
4、ucting an interview. 8. When does the man buy a book from a bookstore?A. When the book is on sale.B. When there are new fiction books.C. When the book is popular on the Internet.听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。9. How many lectures does the man have to attend every week?A. One. B. Two. C. Three.10. What are the sp
5、eakers mainly talking about?A. Rules of the office. B. Notice of the exam. C. Course requirements.第三节：（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。How to Be a Green TravellerMake sure your home is _11_ efficient. Turn off all the _12_ Unplug electrical devices_13_ ca
6、refully about your mode of transport. Take a train or boat to your destination _14_ when you go sightseeingHelp preserve places of interest. Help ensure the landmarks remain for generations to come Remind visitors of the importance of saving the _15_ world.完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所
7、给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A man in California survived a five-hour night swim, thanks to the _1_ of a friendly seal.Scott Thompson a boater from Southern California, was out on his boat. After realizing the weather wasnt favorable, he turned the boat back towards land.Soon after, something _2_ h
8、appened. The boat was rocked by the wavy water and Scott got _3_ out of the boat. The engines continued to run, moving the boat farther and farther away from him, which made it _4_ to swim back to it. He watched his boat _5_ in the middle of the icy Santa Barbara Channel.Lost at sea, with no land in
9、 _6_, Thompson was sure these were his _7_ moments on earth. However, thoughts of his family helped him find the _8_ to survive. “Just keep _9_, and you will get home to your family,” Thompson kept telling himself. “Just imagining my girls and my son growing up without me, and my wife not having a h
10、usband to support her, I couldnt _10_.All of a sudden, he heard a big splash (拍水声). It was a medium-sized harbor seal that Thompson described as “an angel” that came to help him. “The seal would come up and _11_ me, like a dog comes up and pushes your leg.” Thompson said. It was a sense of _12_, Tho
11、mpson recalled, knowing that he wasnt alone on this heroic journey.Being pushed along by the seal, Thompson felt _13_ to swim to the nearest oil platform, which was far but closer than land. With the _14_ of the seal, he swam through the dark, freezing water for five hours, until he managed to reach
12、 an oil platform. People aboard the oil platform offered aid. They rushed him to a hospital where Thompson was treated and recovered a few days later.While the thought of his _15_ motivated him to keep going, Thompson said that he would not have endured through the pain if it hadnt been for the seal
13、 swimming alongside him.1. A. recognitionB. encouragementC. respectD. trust2. A. unexpectedB. commonC. confusingD. funny3. A. kickedB. lockedC. chasedD. knocked4. A. easyB. unnecessaryC. impossibleD. safe5. A. disappearB. stopC. groundD. sink6 A. spaceB. mindC. lineD. sight7. A. spareB. finalC. exci
14、tingD. private8. A. toolB. wayC. willD. skill9. A. swimmingB. callingC. watchingD. practicing10. A. break inB. show upC. slow downD. give up11. A. greetB. pushC. liftD. take12. A. dutyB. hopeC. curiosityD. wonder13. A. determinedB. satisfiedC. honoredD. amused14. A. taskB. costC. companyD. arrival15
15、. A. petsB. friendsC. familyD. boat.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASummertime, i.e. vacation season, is quickly approaching. And whether your ideal getaway is R&R on the beach, outdoor adventuring, or exploring a new city, it pays to plan.Id love to get away. How do I save fo
16、r a vacation?Youre not alone. One study says 71% of Americans are planning to take a trip for leisure in 2022. And theyre planning on spending 29% more than they did pre-pandemic in 2019. But you dont have to go broke (身无分文) to get a break. Before you even start planning your travel, heres how to ma
17、ke the trip youve been waiting for a reality. Make a sinking fund. These funds are where you set aside money with an intention to spend it on a big goal. Timing is everything. Research the cheapest places to go when the temperature rises, and plan accordingly. Youll also get more bang for your buck
18、by checking out destinations with a favorable exchange rate. For somewhere further east, your dollars will go far in Thailand or the Philippines. Book smart. Renting a home is often a better deal than booking a hotel. Not only will you save on the price tag, but you can cook instead of eating out fo
19、r every meal.How do I keep saving while Im on vacation?True story: travel doesnt feel like real life, so its easier to splurge (挥霍). And if youre visiting a popular tourist location, everything costs more. Heres how to see the sights without losing sight of your budget. Set a daily spending limit an
20、d track what you buy to avoid overdoing it. Using cash or a prepaid debit card instead of a credit card can also help. Food is a money vampire. If you have access to a kitchen where youre staying, make breakfast, pack lunch, and cook dinner when you can. If not, hit up a supermarket or farmers marke
21、t for an easy, cheap breakfast. And when you do eat out, go for lunch or appetizers, where the menu items tend to be less expensive.16. According to the passage, which of the following may help make your dream trip a reality?A. Preparing enough fast food.B. Borrowing money from friends.C. Researchin
22、g the cheapest places to go.D. Carrying credit cards from different banks.17. To keep saving while on vacation, youd better _.A. go out for mealsB. avoid using cashC. set a daily spending limitD. visit popular tourist locations18. Whats the purpose of the passage?A. To help travellers save money.B.
23、To report some survey results.C. To advertise some tourist attractions.D. To compare different travel plans.BRhiannon Menn is the founder of Lasagna Love, a global nonprofit that connects neighbors through homemade meal delivery. In March 2020, her San Diego community shut down because of the pandem
24、ic. She and her husband own a design and build company, but their projects were put on hold. Rhiannon felt helpless and wondered what she could do to be useful. It didnt take her long to decide.“Cooking is my happy place,” she says. She ordered groceries online and got to work. She and her daughter,
25、 Cimorene, then three, made extra pans of lasagna, and Rhiannon posted in a local moms group on Facebook, offering to drop off a free home-cooked meal to anyone who wanted one. Some people requested a meal. Even more wanted to help Rhiannon feed those who were struggling.Rhiannon created a spreadshe
26、et for each volunteer, matching them with families whod requested a meal. Word of what she was doing spread quickly on social media. “By summer, we had more than 100 volunteer chefs,” she says. Too many for one person to track. Someone offered to create an online portal (门户网站) to manage the voluntee
27、rs and meal requests. This automated system freed Rhiannon to do what she really loves: cook and reach people in need.For Rhiannon, lasagna is the best comfort food. But its about more than just food. “Our volunteers deliver a sense of hope with the meal,” she says. “We want people to know that a st
28、ranger cared enough about them to make them a meal. Kindness is contagious (传染性的), and it can transform communities.”Lasagna Love currently has 25,000 volunteersor Lasagna Chefs, as theyre calledacross the United States, Canada and Australia, who have delivered more than 150,000 meals to families in
29、 their communities. “This movement has given me purpose in a way I didnt have before,” Rhiannon says.In her home, cooking is a family event. Cimorene, now five, has gotten good at layering the noodles. Rhiannon also has a three-year-old son and an 11-month-old baby boy. “I love that my kids are lear
30、ning the importance of helping others,” she says.Volunteer chefs log in to the portal and input how many meals theyd like to deliver that week. The system matches them with nearby families requesting a meal, and the volunteer texts the family to set up a delivery time. The meals are dropped off on d
31、oorsteps for contact-free delivery.The organization is called Lasagna Love, but volunteers can deliver any home-cooked meal theyd like. Rhiannons recipe is her own take on lasagna, made healthier with grated zucchini and yellow squash. “Ive shared my recipe, but volunteers are welcome to use their o
32、wn recipes for any dishes theyd like to make,” she says.19. Why did Rhiannon start Lasagna Love?A. To help struggling neighbors.B. To fight against the pandemic.C. To help their design and build company.D. To improve her neighbors cooking skills.20. What can we know about the volunteers in Lasagna L
33、ove?A. They are trained by experienced chefs.B. They deliver their own meals to people in need.C. They search for families in need by themselves.D. They all follow Rhiannons recipe to make lasagna.21. We can infer from the passage that Rhiannon _.A. had no purpose in life beforeB. is too busy to del
34、iver meals nowC. likes posting her meals on social mediaD has set a good example for her children22. Which of the following words best describe Rhiannon?A Helpful and humorous.B. Honest and successful.C. Kind-hearted and generous.D. Hardworking and ambitious.CHorseshoe crabs are often called living
35、fossils. These primitive arthropods have lived on earth for 360 million years, largely in the same form as they appear today. Despite their long history, the horseshoe crabs existence is now threatened by human activities, including harvesting for medical research.Any time a foreign object or substa
36、nce enters the human body, theres a risk of introducing infection. If youve had a vaccination, a surgery of any kind, or had a medical device implanted in your body, you owe your very survival to the horseshoe crab.Horseshoe crabs have copper-rich blood that appears to be striking blue in color. Pro
37、teins in the horseshoe crabs blood cells are released in response to even the smallest amount of bacterial endotoxin (内毒素), such as E. coli. The presence of bacteria causes horseshoe crab blood to clot or gel, part of its hypersensitive immune response system.In the 1960s, two researchers, Frederick
38、 Bang and Jack Levin, developed a method of using these coagulation (凝固) factors to test for contamination (污染) of medical devices. By the 1970s, their Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test was being used commercially to make sure everything from scalpels (手术刀) to artificial hips (髋关节) is safe for int
39、roduction in the human body.While such testing is crucial to safe medical treatments, the practice takes a toll on horseshoe crab populations. Horseshoe crab blood is in high demand, and the medical testing industry catches as many as 500,000 horseshoe crabs each year to drain them of their blood. T
40、he crabs arent killed outright in the process; theyre caught, bled, and released. But biologists suspect the stress results in a percentage of the released horseshoe crabs dying once back in the water. Fortunately, management practices are in place now to protect the species.In addition to their val
41、ue in medical research, horseshoe crabs fill important ecological roles. Their smooth, wide shells provide the perfect substrate (基质) for many other marine organisms to live on. As it moves along the oceans bottom, a horseshoe crab may be carrying mussels, barnacles, tube worms, sea lettuce, sponges
42、, and even oysters. Horseshoe crabs deposit their eggs by the thousands along sandy shorelines, and many migratory shorebirds, including red knots, rely on these eggs as a source of fuel during their long flights.23. What feature of horseshoe crabs helps save lives?A. They can improve their immune s
43、ystem.B. Their blood is sensitive to bacteria.C. They have copper-rich blood cells.D. Their blood is striking blue.24. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase “take a toll on” in Paragraph 5?A. Make use of.B. Do harm to.C. Run out of.D. Contribute to.25. How are the eco
44、logical roles of horseshoe crabs explained in the last paragraph?A. By giving examples.B. By making a comparison.C. By quoting experts.D. By offering a definition.26. On which type of website can we possibly read this passage?A. Science.B. Travel.C. Business.D. Life.DChemists have spent the past cen
45、tury trying to make plastics that will break down in seawater. As it is, most plastics appear to take centuries to fully degrade in the ocean. But that may change. Scientists have just designed a new plastic that can break down in seawater within weeks, not decades or more.Back in the 1930s, scienti
46、sts created a now-popular plastic out of corn and potato starch (淀粉). Its known as polylactide, or PLA. Its a polymer (聚合物), which is a molecule made by linking many building blocks called monomers into a long string. Scientists had hoped PLA would quickly break down in the environment. And in some
47、places, like compost pits (堆肥坑), it does. But not in seawater. Even after three years in ocean water, PLA remains largely unchanged.Timo Rheinberger is a PhD student at the University of Twente in the Netherlands. His work on polymers has focused on boosting PLAs breakdown. As part of that work, he
48、became part of a team that just added some RNA-inspired breaking points to PLA. They put those breaking points in places where monomers in the PLA molecules are linked.They weakened the links that joined up to 15 percent of a PLAs monomers. Then, they soaked their samples in artificial seawater and measured how fast these tweaked ver