1、2019年6月英语四级真题及答案第三套Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than
2、 180 words.Part Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)特别说明：由于四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，故不再重复给出。Part Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a
3、 word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank
4、 more than once.Ships are often sunk in order to create underwater reefs (暗礁) perfect for scuba diving (水肺式潜泳) and preserving marine26. Turkish authorities have just sunk something a little different than a ship, and it wouldnt normally ever touch water, an Airbus A300. The hollowed-out A300 was 27o
5、f everything potentially harmful to the environment and sunk off the Aegean coast today. Not only will the sunken plane28the perfect skeleton for artificial reef growth, but authorities hope this new underwater attraction will bring tourists to the area.The plane29a total length of 54 meters, where
6、experienced scuba divers will30be able to venture through the cabin and around the planes31 . Aydin Municipality bought the plane from a private company for just under US$100,000, but they hope to see a return on that32 through the tourism industry. Tourism throughout Turkey is expected to fall this
7、 year as the country has been the33of several deadly terrorist attacks. As far as sunken planes go, this Airbus A300 is the largest34sunk aircraft ever.Taking a trip underwater and35the inside of a sunken A300 would be quite an adventure,and that is exactly what Turkish authorities are hoping this a
8、ttraction will make people think. Drawing in adventure seekers and experienced divers, this new artificial Airbus reef will be a scuba divers paradise (天堂).A) createI) intentionallyB) depressedJ) investmentC) eventuallyK) revealingD) experiencesL) stretchesE) exploringM) strippedF) exteriorN) territ
9、oryG) habitatsO) victimH) innovateSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph mor
10、e than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Make Stuff, Fail, And Learn While Youre At It A)Weve always been a hands-on, do-it-yourself kind of nation. Ben Franklin, one of Americas founding fathers, didnt just inven
11、t the lightning rod. His creations include glasses, innovative stoves and more.B)Franklin, who was largely self-taught, may have been a genius, but he wasnt really an exception when it comes to American making and creativity.C)The personal computing revolution and philosophy of disruptive innovation
12、 of Silicon Valley grew, in part, out of the creations of the Homebrew Computer Club, which was founded in a garage in Menlo Park, California, in the mid-1970s. Members including guys named Jobs and Wozniak started making and inventing things they couldnt buy.D)So its no surprise that the Maker Move
13、ment today is thriving in communities and some schools across America. Making is available to ordinary people who arent tied to big companies, big defense labs or research universities. The maker philosophy echoes old ideas advocated by John Dewey, Montessori, and even ancient Greek philosophers, as
14、 we pointed out recently.E)These maker spaces are often outside of classrooms, and are serving an important educational function. The Maker Movement is rediscovering learning by doing, which is John Deweys phrase from 100 years ago. We are rediscovering Dewey and Montessori and a lot of the practice
15、s that they pioneered that have been forgotten or at least put aside. A maker space is a place which can be in a school, but it doesnt look like a classroom. It can be in a library. It can be out in the community. It has tools and materials. Its a place where you get to make things based on your int
16、erest and based on what youre learning to do.F)Ideas about learning by doing have struggled to become mainstream educationally, despite being old concepts from Dewey and Montessori, Plato and Aristotle, and in the American context, Ralph Emerson, on the value of experience and self-reliance. Its not
17、 necessarily an efficient way to learn. We learn, in a sense, by trial and error. Learning from experience is something that takes time and patience. Its very individualized. If your goal is to have standardized approaches to learning, where everybody learns the same thing at the same time in the sa
18、me way, then learning by doing doesnt really fit that mold anymore. Its not the world of textbooks. Its not the world of testing. G)Learning by doing may not be efficient, but it is effective. Project-based learning has grown in popularity with teachers and administrators. However, project-based lea
19、rning is not making. Although theres a connection, there is also a distinction. The difference lies in whether the project is in a sense defined and developed by the student or whether its assigned by a teacher. Well all get the kids to build a small boat. We are all going to learn about X, Y, and Z
20、. That tends to be one form of project-based learning.H)I really believe the core idea of making is to have an idea within your head or you just borrow it from someone and begin to develop it, repeat it and improve it. Then, realize that idea somehow. That thing that you make is valuable to you and
21、you can share it with others. Im interested in how these things are expressions of that person, their ideas, and their interactions with the world.I)In some ways, a lot of forms of making in school trivialize (使变得无足轻重) making. The thing that you make has no value to you. Once you are done demonstrat
22、ing whatever concept was in the textbook, you throw away the pipe cleaners, the straws, the cardboard tubes.J)Making should be student-directed and student-led, otherwise its boring. It doesnt have the motivation of the student. Im not saying that students should not learn concepts or not learn skil
23、ls. They do. But to really harness their motivation is to build upon their interest. Its to let them be in control and to drive the car.K)Teachers should aim to build a supportive, creative environment for students to do this work. A very social environment, where they are learning from each other.
24、When they have a problem, it isnt the teacher necessarily coming in to solve it. They are responsible for working through that problem. It might be they have to talk to other students in the class to help get an answer.L)The teachers role is more of a coach or observer. Sometimes, to people, it soun
25、ds like this is a diminished role for teachers. I think its a heightened role. Youre creating this environment, like a maker space. You have 20 kids doing different things. You are watching them and really its the human behaviors youre looking at. Are they engaged? Are they developing and repeating
26、their project? Are they stumbling (受挫)? Do they need something that they dont have? Can you help them be aware of where they are?M)My belief is that the goal of making is not to get every kid to be hands-on, but it enables us to be good learners. Its not the knowledge that is valuable, its the pract
27、ice of learning new things and understanding how things work. These are processes that you are developing so that you are able, over time, to tackle more interesting problems, more challenging problems problems that require many people instead of one person and many skills instead of one.N)If teache
28、rs keep it form-free and student-led, it can still be tied to a curriculum and an educational plan. I think a maker space is more like a library in that there are multiple subjects and multiple things that you can learn. What seems to be missing in school is how do these subjects integrate, how they
29、 fit together in any meaningful way. Rather than saying, “This is science, over here is history,” I see schools taking this idea of projects and looking at: How do they support children in a higher level learning?O)I feel like this is a shift away from subject matter-based curriculum to a more exper
30、iential curriculum or learning. Its still in its early stages, but I think its shifting around not what kids learn but how they learn.36.A maker space is where people make things according to their personal interests.37.The teachers role is enhanced in a maker space as they have to monitor and facil
31、itate during the process.38.Coming up with an idea of ones own or improving one from others is key to the concept of making.39.Contrary to structured learning, learning by doing is highly individualized.40.America is a nation known for the idea of making things by oneself.41.Making will be boring un
32、less students are able to take charge.42.Making can be related to a project, but it is created and carried out by students themselves.43.The author suggests incorporating the idea of a maker space into a school curriculum.44.The maker concept is a modern version of some ancient philosophical ideas.4
33、5.Making is not taken seriously in school when students are asked to make something meaningless to them based on textbooks.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A)
34、, B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Most kids grow up learning they cannot draw on the walls. But it might be time to unlearn t
35、hat training this summer, group of culture addicts, artists and community organizers are inviting New Yorkers to write all over the walls of an old house on Governors Island.The project is called Writing On It All, and its a participatory writing project and artistic experiment that has happened on
36、Governors Island every summer since 2013.“Most of the participants are people who are just walking by or are on the island for other reasons, or they just kind of happen to be there,” Alexandra Chasin, artistic director of Writing On It All, tells S.The 2016 season runs through June 26 and features
37、sessions facilitated by everyone from dancers to domestic workers. Each session has a theme, and participants are given a variety of materials and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art. This year, the programs range from one that turns the house into a collaborative essay t
38、o one that explores the meaning of exile.Governors Island is a national historic landmark district long used for military purposes. Now known as “New Yorks shared space for art and play,” the island, which lies between Manhattan and Brooklyn in Upper New York Bay, is closed to cars but open to summe
39、r tourists who flock for festivals, picnics, adventures, as well as these “legal graffiti (涂鸦)” sessions.The notes and art scribbled (涂画) on the walls are an experiment in self-expression. So far, participants have ranged in age from 2 to 85. Though Chasin says the focus of the work is on the activi
40、ty of writing, rather than the text that ends up getting written, some of the work that comes out of the sessions has stuck with her.“One of the sessions that moved me the most was state violence on black women and black girls,” says Chasin, explaining that in one room, people wrote down the names o
41、f those killed because of it. “People do beautiful work and leave beautiful messages.”46.What does the project Writing On It All invite people to do?A) Unlearn their training in drawing.C) Cover the walls of an old house with graffiti.B) Participate in a state graffiti show.D) Exhibit their artistic
42、 creations in an old house.47.What do we learn about the participants in the project?A) They are just culture addicts.C) They are writers and artists.B) They are graffiti enthusiasts.D) They are mostly passers-by.48.What did the project participants do during the 2016 season?A)They were free to scri
43、bble on the walls whatever came to their mind.B)They expressed their thoughts in graffiti on the theme of each session.C)They learned the techniques of collaborative writing.D)They were required to cooperate with other creators.49.What kind of place is Governors Island?A)It is a historic site that a
44、ttracts tourists and artists.B)It is an area now accessible only to tourist vehicles.C)It is a place in Upper New York Bay formerly used for exiles.D)It is an open area for tourists to enjoy themselves year round.50.What does Chasin say about the project?A)It just focused on the sufferings of black
45、females.B)It helped expand the influence of graffiti art.C)It has started the career of many creative artists.D)It has created some meaningful artistic works.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available. While
46、 they sound efficient and cost-saving, a recent study reports that they are not effective, primarily because depressed patients are not likely to engage with them or stick with them.The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive (认知的) behavioral therapy (CBT) and found that it was no more effective
47、 in treating depression than the usual care patients receive from a primary care doctor.Traditional CBT is considered an effective form of talk therapy for depression, helping people challenge negative thoughts and change the way they think in order to change their mood and behaviors. However, onlin
48、e CBT programs have been gaining popularity, with the attraction of providing low-cost help wherever someone has access to a computer.A team of researchers from the University of York conducted a randomized (随机的) control trial with 691 depressed patients from 83 physician practices across England. The patients were split into three groups: one group received only usual care from a physician while the other