1、 专题 15 社会生活、说理议论类2018年高考题C【2018全国 I】Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech indep
2、endent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled an
3、d fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as En
4、glishSpanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by
5、small numbers.Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by
6、 fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Aus
7、tralia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patters. D. They were closely connected29. Which of the following best e
8、xplains“dominant “ underlined in paragraph 2？A. Complex. B. Advanced.C. Powerful. D. Modem.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?A. About 6 800 B. About 3 400C. About 2.400 D. About 1-20031. What is the min idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. People
9、s lifestyles are reflected in languagesC. Human development results in fewer languagesD. Geography determines language evolution.【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. C【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。29. 猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的 dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可
10、知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知 dominant languages意为：强有力的语言。故选 C。30. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的 At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和 The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 可知，目前世界上大约有 6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于 6000人的占一
11、半即 3400.故选 B。31. 主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近时代语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选 C。点睛：长难句解读In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and
12、 the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.分析：and 连接两个并列句，前面的介词短语 in. . .作时间状语，all 和前面
13、的名词短语是同位语。句意：在最近的几个世纪，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和全球义务教育的蔓延，尤其是过去几十年来，全球化和更好的交流，这些都是导致许多语言消失的原因。而且像英语、西班牙语和汉语这些强大的语言正在不断地占据统治地位。 B【2018全国 II】Many of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbias fields are little
14、 powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The ye
15、llow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellen
16、t base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning b
17、rown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a
18、childrens party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?A. They contain protein. B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant taste. D. They are rich in antioxi
19、dants.25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A. To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour.C. To speed up their ripening. D. To improve their nutrition.26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert. B. A drink.C. A container. D. A machine.27. From which is the text
20、 probably taken?A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.C. A research paper. D. A travel brochure.【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. B【解析】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文中讲述了人们热爱水果丰盛的 7月，这时候各种水果营养丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰淇淋。24. 细节理解题。题干问的是，作者喜欢樱桃什么。根据第二段中 As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who ca
21、res?（至于樱桃，因为它们很好吃谁在乎呢?）可知，作者在乎的是它的美味。故选C。25. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.可知，往香蕉上滴新鲜的柠檬汁是为了防止香蕉变成褐色，故新鲜的柠檬汁是被用来保持香蕉的颜色的。故选 B。26. 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中 they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and wa
22、tching the ice cream come out below可知，孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部，然后看到冰激凌从下面出来。故可以推出 a juicer就是一台机器。故选 D。27. 文章出处题。文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的季节，并指出各种水果富含的营养，最后一段指出我们可以用 a juicer为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌，故最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。A 项意为：生物教科书；B 项意为：一本健康杂志；C 项意为：一篇研究论文；D 项意为：一本旅游手册。故选 B。点睛：做词义猜测题时我们要注意观察，划线单词的构成结构。如本题背划线的单词是 juicer，我们都
23、知道“er”是单词的后缀。它既可以表示人，又可以表示物。如：cleaner 既可以表示清洁工，又可以表示清洁工具。根据下文中的意思，可以判断出本题中的 a juicer是表示物。C【2018全国 II】Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the
24、 report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the reports key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds i
25、n 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 28, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.Wh
26、en it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data sha
27、red in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more
28、 often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.28. What is the Common Sense
29、Media report probably about?A. Childrens reading habits.B. Quality of childrens books.C. Childrens after-class activities.D. Parent-child relationships.29. Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun“?A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3.C. In paragraph 4.
30、 D. In paragraph 5.30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A. E-books are of poor quality.B. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm childrens health.D. E-readers are expensive.31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask then to writ
31、e book reports.C. Set up reading groups for them.D. Talk with their reading class teachers.【答案】28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A【解析】据本周一公布的 a Common Sense Media report报告显示，青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣大大减少。文中从阅读的乐趣，阅读的时间，阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响等角度展示了该报告的内容。28. 推理判断题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们阅读方式和
32、父母对孩子阅读的影响。A 项意为：孩子们的阅读习惯；B 项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；C 项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D 项意为：父母与孩子的关系。故选 A。29. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 the proportion (比例) who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.可知，很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别
33、从 1984年的 13岁的 8%和 17岁的 9%上升到现在的 22%和 27%。也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。故选 B。31. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.可知，有明显的证据表明，父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们作重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也即是说，父母可以通过给孩子们作榜样来
34、鼓励孩子们阅读的。故选 A。点睛：作此类型的题时，一定要读懂第一段。第一段读懂了，整篇文章大意也就迎刃而解了。明白了大意，第 28题我们也不难看出答案，本文讲的肯定不是质量，不是活动也不是关系。而是习惯，即孩子们的阅读习惯。B【2018全国 I】Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicio
35、us and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been ab
36、le to put a lot of what shes leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,“ she explains. “I pay 5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, b
37、ecause they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. “The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to g
38、et value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transfo
39、rms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme.C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a light budget for her family.25. How
40、does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her.26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the r
41、eaders.C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less【答案】24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目
42、，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。24. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段知道 Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role可知，她开辟了一个新的节目。故选 B。25. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的 In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with
43、the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.可知， Susanna 在 Matt Tebbutt的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于 5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱。故选 C。解题关键词：同义词表达 with the help of和 help。26. 写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的 which gave viewers advice on how to get value f
44、rom the vast range of health products on the market.可知，Save Money: Good Food 节目是 Save Money: Good Health节目之后，给观众一些建议：如何从众多的市场上的健康产品中获取价值。故选 C。27. 主旨要义题。根据文章的整体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文章中的 prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. 在资金紧张的情况下，准备可口且有营养的饭菜； how to reduce food waste,
45、while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. 如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于 5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱； how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. 我们自己做这种食物有多便宜； less expensive but still tasty recipes.不贵可仍然可口的食谱。可以推知 D正确。点睛：本篇文章学生感到比较难的是 26题，很多学生不知道作者在说什么，不明白作者的意图，感到很茫然。根据文章中的 Save Money: Good Food, follows in the
46、 footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health,可知作者是为读者介绍了 Save Money这个节目是怎么来的，即是背景信息。D【2018全国 II】Weve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence. Whats
47、the problem? Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is wor
48、th the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Be
49、rnardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk, he explains. The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek