1、 Unit1 Science and Scientists 单元测试单元测试卷卷 一、一、单词单词拼写拼写（共共 10 小题；小题；每小题每小题 0.5 分，分，满分满分 5 分）分） 1. If you _ (怀疑；疑有) a gas leak, dont strike a match or even turn on an electric light. 2. Why do I always get the _ (责怪；指责) for everything that goes wrong? 3. Nobody knows exactly where the _ (导弹) base is. 4
2、. Britain has lost her _ (领导地位) in the shipbuilding industry. 5. A drop of oil of this size is easily seen in a _ (显微镜). 6. We may talk of beautiful things but beauty itself is _ (抽象的). 7. Troops have been sent to _ (保卫；防守) the borders. 8. All this adds up to a new _ (概念) of the universe. 9. He even
3、 doesnt know the basic _ (框架；结构) of society. 10. Mrs Greens ideas are _ (相互矛盾的；不一致的) to the existing facts. 二、二、单句语法单句语法填空（填空（共共 10 小题；小题；每小题每小题 0.5 分，分，满分满分 5 分）分） 1. The _ (find) was based on a new research. 2. A healthy diet should help your body resist _ (infect). 3. Scenes from our childhood st
4、ill appear _ (vivid) before us. 4. He worked as a motor _ (mechanical). 5. Our _ (assist) is ready to answer all your questions. 6. She was an extremely _ (gift) poet. 7. Without _ (intervene) they will be a headache to the nation. 8. Going to college brought about a dramatic _ (transform) in her ou
5、tlook. 9. We didnt have any definite _ (prove). 10. _ (initial) Jack was unwilling to accept the defeat. 三、三、完成句子（完成句子（共共 5 小题；小题；每小题每小题 1 分，分，满分满分 5 分）分） 1. 最重要的是，我要感谢父母无条件地信任我。 _, Id like to thank my parents for believing in me unconditionally. 2. 他上周得了严重的流感。 He _ with a really bad cold last week.
6、 3. 全球金融危机会再次爆发吗？ Will a global financial crisis _ again? 4. 问题已得到根本解决。 The problem has been settled _. 5. 史密斯先生负责学校工作。 Mr Smith is _ the school work. 四、四、阅读理解（阅读理解（共共 15 小题；小题；每小题每小题 2 分，分，满分满分 30 分）分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The advancement of human civilization is possible just beca
7、use of enormous contribution made by scientists. They are one of the most influential people of todays world. With practical advantages in engineering, medicine and technology, they have helped us to get a better understanding about the world and different working phenomena that govern us. Their nam
8、es are remembered in the sands of time for their work in the welfare of mankind with different inventions that has made our modern lives easy. Here is a list of the four great scientists weve ever seen who changed the world. Louis Pasteur (18221895) Pasteur contributed greatly towards the advancemen
9、t of medical sciences developing cures for rabies (狂犬病), anthrax and other infectious diseases. He also invented the process of pasteurization (加热杀菌法) to make milk safer to drink. He probably saved more lives than any other person. Otto Hahn (18791968) Hahn was a German chemist who discovered nuclea
10、r fission (裂变) in 1939. He was a pioneering scientist in the field of radio- chemistry, and discovered radioactive elements in 1921. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1944. Nikola Tesla (18561943) Tesla worked on electromagnetism and AC current. He obtained around 300 patents worldwide
11、 for his inventions from electricity to radio transmission, but many inventions developed by Tesla were not put into patent protection. He played a key role in the development of modern electricity. James Clerk Maxwell (18311879) Maxwell made great progress in understanding electro- magnetism. His r
12、esearch in electricity and kinetics laid the foundation for quantum (量子) physics. Einstein said of Maxwell, “The work of James Clerk Maxwell changed the world forever.” 1. What contribution did Louis Pasteur make to society? A. The development of medicine. B. Radio- chemistry. C. Modern electricity.
13、 D. Quantum physics. 2. Who was thought highly of by Einstein? A. Louis Pasteur. B. Otto Hahn. C. Nikola Tesla. D. James Clerk Maxwell. 3. What can we infer about the four people? A. They are medical pioneers. B. They are Nobel Prize winners. C. They are great contributors to society. D. They are fo
14、unders of modern physics. B Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. He was a quiet child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old, his father gave him a compass. The child was filled with wonder when he discovered
15、that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction to the north. He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move. Albert did not like school. The German schools of that time were not pleasant. Students could not ask questions. Albert said he felt as if he were in prison. I
16、n 1905, Albert Einstein published some important papers in a German scientific magazine. They included one of the most important scientific documents in history. It explained what came to be called his “Special Theory of Relativity (相对论)”. Ten years later he expanded it to a “General Theory of Relat
17、ivity”. In 1921, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics. It was given to him not for his theories of relativity, but for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect(光电效应). Albert Einstein left Germany in 1933. He moved to the United States to continue his research. Einstein became a citizen of t
18、he United States in 1940. Einstein was a famous man, but you would not have known that by looking at him. His white hair was long and wild. He wore old clothes. He showed an inner joy when he was playing his violin or talking about his work. Students and friends said he had a way of explaining diffi
19、cult ideas using images that were easy to understand. Einstein spent the last twenty- five years of his life working on what he called a “unified field theory”. He hoped to find a common mathematical statement that could tie together all the different parts of physics. However, he did not succeed. A
20、lbert Einstein died in 1955 at the age of seventy- six. 4. What do we know about Albert Einstein in his childhood? A. He was very clever. B. He liked talking with people. C. He was curious about new things. D. He was good at inventing new things. 5. Whats the right order of the following events abou
21、t Albert Einstein? a. He became a citizen of the United States. b. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics. c. He put forward his “General Theory of Relativity”. d. He left Germany for the United States. A. d, b, c, a B. d, a, c, b C. b, c, d, a D. c, b, d, a 6. What can be inferred about Albert Einstein
22、from the passage? A. Albert Einstein didnt like asking questions at school. B. Albert Einstein hated school for its strict rules. C. Albert Einstein cared little about how he looked. D. Albert Einsteins lessons were too difficult to understand. 7. Whats the passage mainly about? A. The life story of
23、 Albert Einstein. B. The scientific discoveries of Albert Einstein. C. Albert Einstein and his theories of relativity. D. How Albert Einstein won great success in his life. C A list of Benjamin Franklins inventions reveals a man of many talents and interests. His natural curiosity about things and t
24、he way they work made him try to find ways to make them work better. Ben had poor vision and needed glasses to read. He got tired of constantly taking them off and putting them back on, so he decided to figure out how his glasses would let him see both near and far. He had two pairs of glasses cut i
25、n half and put half of each lens (镜片) in a single frame. Today, we call them bifocals (双光眼镜). Everyone knows the story of Bens famous kite flight. Although he made important discoveries and advancements, Ben did not “invent” the electricity. He did, however, invent the lightning rod which protects b
26、uildings and ships from lightning. In colonial America, most people warmed their homes by building a fire in a fireplace even though it was dangerous and used a lot of wood. Ben figured that there had to be a better way. His invention of an iron furnace stove allowed people to warm their homes less
27、dangerously and with less wood. The furnace stove that he invented is called the Franklin Stove. Interestingly enough, Ben also established the first fire company and the first fire insurance company in order to help people live more safely. As a postmaster, Ben had to figure out routes for deliveri
28、ng the mail. He went out riding in his carriage to measure the routes and needed a way to keep track of the distance. He invented a simple odometer (里程表) and attached it to his carriage. Later, other famous inventors, like Tomas A. Edison and Alexander Graham Bell, followed in Bens footsteps by tryi
29、ng to find ways to help people live better. 8. How many things invented by Benjamin Franklin are mentioned in the text? A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6. 9. What can we know about Franklin from the text? A. Franklin invented the bifocals because of his poor vision. B. Franklin invented the odometer to make hi
30、s riding easier. C. Franklin first invented the electricity and then the lightning rod. D. Franklin invented the odometer when he worked in a post office. 10. What characteristic did Franklin, Edison and Bell have in common? A. They had a strong desire to make life better. B. They were excellent stu
31、dents at school. C. They were born in the same age. D. They made peoples life simple. 11. Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A. The Life of Benjamin Franklin B. Benjamin Franklin, A Great Inventor C. A Man of Many Talents and Interests D. How to Help People Live Better D It
32、s often said that creative people see the world differently from the rest of us and a Harvard study is providing one explanation. Scientists studied brain scans of people after asking them to come up with creative uses for everyday objects. And they found a specific pattern of connectivity that corr
33、elated with the most creative responses. “What this shows is that the creative brain works differently,” said Roger Beaty, the first author of the study. Beaty and his colleagues examined brain data from previous studies and found that, by simply measuring the strength of connections in these people
34、s brain networks, they could estimate the originality of these peoples ideas. While the data showed that regions across the brain were involved in creative thought, Beaty said the evidence pointed to three subnetworks. And they were the default mode (默认状态) network, the salience (突出) network and the
35、executive (管理的) control network. They appear to play key roles in creative thought. The default mode network, he said, is involved in memory and mental acting, so the theory is that it plays an important role in processes like mind- wandering, imagination, and natural thinking. The salience network
36、notices important information. When it comes to creativity, it may be responsible for arranging the ideas that come from the default mode network. Lastly, the executive control network works to help people keep their focus on useful ideas while getting rid of those that arent working. Beaty said, “P
37、eople who think more flexibly and come up with more creative ideas are better able to use these networks that dont typically work together and bring these systems online.” Based on the results of that study, Beaty and his colleagues developed a predictive model and tested against brain scan data col
38、lected for earlier studies on creativity. “We used alreadypublished data . we found that based on how strong the connections are in these networks, we could guess pretty accurately how creative youre going to be on a task, ” Beaty said. He added, “Its also not clear whether this can be modified with
39、 some kind of training. Creativity is complex, and were only working on the surface here.” 12. What were the participants asked to do in the study? A. To tell scientists their different ways of seeing the world. B. To show their special ways to connect with others. C. To talk about their most exciti
40、ng experiences. D. To think of new uses of ordinary objects. 13. What does the underlined word “estimate” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Improve. B. Judge. C. Spread. D. Praise. 14. The default mode network will influence a person when the person is _. A. giving up useless ideas B. organizing thoughts C. m
41、aking decisions D. brainstorming 15. What can we infer from Beatys words in the last paragraph? A. The study is very helpful in determining ones creativity levels. B. We can become more creative with the help of some training. C. Enough work has been done to better understand creativity. D. Some peo
42、ple can be born with higher levels of creativity. 五、七选五（五、七选五（共共 5 小题；小题；每小题每小题 2 分，分，满分满分 10 分）分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Be Creative Most of us think that creativity is a quality belonging only to artists, writers, or dancers, rather than ourselves. 1 The following tips a
43、re a great beginning for developing our creativity. 1. Get out of your comfort zone. We eagerly accept the familiar and fear the unknown. Break out of your usual patterns and welcome creativity into your life. As stated earlier, the human brain was designed to recognize patterns. 2 In fact, our comf
44、ort zone is nothing more than a collection of patterns. As we become more efficient at recognizing and using patterns, we rely less on creativity to find new paths. We should force ourselves out of our comfort zones and open up new possibilities. 2. Try different things. If you always do what youve
45、always done, youll always get what youve always got. We are creatures of habits and routines, and creativity hates routines. If you usually drive to work, take the subway for a few days. 3 Interrupt your routine, experiment and try something new. New things are often creative, but the same old thing
46、 never is. 3. 4 Having a great idea is not enough, you must work to make it a reality. Have you ever seen a new product and realized that you thought of the same thing long ago? Yet someone else is making money with“your” idea. 5 The difference between a dreamer and a doer is action. Do whatever it
47、takes to bring your ideas to life. If you can put them into practice, you are well on your way to improving your creativity in all areas of your life. A. Take action. B. Seek several options. C. Think from the other persons point of view. D. If you normally eat in the office, have lunch under a tree
48、. E. The truth is that we are all born with the capacity to be creative. F. We continue to create patterns and routines for almost everything we do. G. We all have great ideas sometimes, but only a few people turn their ideas into reality. 六、完形填空（六、完形填空（共共 15 小题；小题；每小题每小题 1 分，分，满分满分 15 分）分） 阅读下面短文，从
49、每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 An 84yearold American woman, Janet Fein received her bachelors degree from the University of Texas at Dallas last week. Fein grew up in the Bronx area of New York City. When she was in high school, she just wanted to finish and get a job. After 1 early, at the age
50、of 16, she went to work as a secretary. After getting married, she spent 18 years staying home with her five children. She then had several jobs 2 she retired at age 77. But even then, she was not ready to 3 during the retirement. She worked for 20 years on earning an associated degree, which she re