1、 1 牛津深圳版八年级上册英语知识点总结全册牛津深圳版八年级上册英语知识点总结全册 Unit 1 Encyclopedias . 4 单词 . 4 短语 . 4 重点句型 . 4 课文翻译 . 4 知识点解析 . 7 习题 . 12 Unit 2 Numbers . 16 单词 . 16 短语 . 16 重点句型 . 16 课文翻译 . 17 知识点解析 . 18 习题 . 34 Unit 3 Computers . 36 单词 . 36 短语 . 36 重点句型 . 36 课文翻译 . 37 知识点解析 . 38 习题 . 44 Unit4 Inventions. 48 单词 . 48 短语
2、 . 48 重点句型 . 48 课文翻译 . 49 知识点解析 . 50 习题 . 53 2 Unit5 Educational exchange . 56 单词 . 56 短语 . 56 重点句型 . 56 课文翻译 . 57 知识点解析 . 58 习题 . 67 Unit 6 Ancient stories. 69 单词 . 69 短语 . 69 重点句型 . 69 课文翻译 . 70 知识点解析 . 71 习题 . 76 Unit 7 Memory . 81 单词 . 81 短语 . 81 重点句型 . 82 课文翻译 . 82 知识点解析 . 83 习题 . 90 Unit 8 Eng
3、lish Week . 94 单词 . 94 短语 . 94 重点句型 . 94 课文翻译 . 95 知识点解析 . 96 习题 . 101 3 每单元必考语法点预览每单元必考语法点预览 Unit 1 some 与与 any 的用法的用法 & 复合不定代词复合不定代词 somebody, anybody, nobody 等的用法等的用法 Unit 2 基数词及数字的表达基数词及数字的表达 & 序数词序数词 Unit 3 形容词的比较级与最高级形容词的比较级与最高级 Unit 4 good, bad, far & (not) asas Unit 5 现在完成时现在完成时 & already, y
4、et, ever, never Unit 6 现在完成时中现在完成时中 since, for & 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 Unit 7（真实性）条件状语从句（真实性）条件状语从句 & ifnot 与与 unless Unit 8 情态动词情态动词 should, had better 4 Unit 1 Encyclopedias 单词单词 短语短语 1.in the countryside 在乡村，在农村 11.for example 例如 2.human being 人 12.next to 紧挨着 3.die out 灭绝，消失 13.look up 查阅
5、 4.find out 了解，弄清 14.live on Earth 生活在地球上 5.go for a walk 去散步 15.an Italian painter 一位意大利画家 6.be born 出生 16.used to do sth 过去常常做某事 7.more than 多于，超过 17.at the end of 在末尾 8.just like 正如，正像 18.in the centre 在中心 9.how long 多久 e out of从出来 10.would like 想要 20.be famous for 以而闻名 重点句型重点句型 1.Some dinosaurs
6、were as small as chickens. 有的恐龙和鸡一样小。 2.Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. 恐龙早于人类生活在地球上六千多万年。 3.Suddenly dinosaurs all died out. 突然恐龙都灭绝了。 4.However, we can learn about dinosaurs from their fossils. 然而，我们可以从恐龙的化石了解它们。 5.Nobody knows why. 没有人知道其中的原因。 6.Would you
7、like some tea? 你想要一些茶吗？ 课文翻译课文翻译 Look it up! 查一查 5 Here are two articles from an encyclopedia. 这是一本百科全书中的两篇文章。 Da Vinci, Leonardo 达芬奇，列奥纳多 Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he show
8、ed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his note books include some interesting drawings of
9、flying machines. (SeeArt) 达芬奇（1452-1519）是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。达芬奇出生在农村。从很小的时候起，他就表现出了极大的智慧和艺术能力。随着年龄的增长，他学会了做很多不同的事情。他的画非常有名，其中之一，蒙娜丽莎，也许是世界上最著名的画。他也有很多发明。例如，他的笔记本包括一些有趣的飞行机器图纸。（见艺术） Dinosaurs 恐龙 Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth
10、. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some could even fly. Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all died out. Nobody knows why. However, wecan le
11、arn about them from their fossils. (See Earth history) 恐龙在人类之前生活在地球上超过 6000 万年。 他们住在地球上的任何地方。有些恐龙和鸡一样小。其他和十头大象一样大。有些甚至可以飞。许多恐龙吃植物。然而，一些恐龙喜欢吃肉。恐龙在地球上生活了 1 亿 5000 万多年。突然，他们都死了。没有人知道原因。然而，我们可以从它们的化石中了解它们。（参见地球历史） More practice Australias big attractions 澳大利亚的大景点 Australia is a very big country. It also
12、 has many big attractions. 澳大利亚是一个很大的国家。它也有很多吸引人的地方。 6 The Big Banana 大香蕉 The Big Banana is in Coffs Harbour. It was made in 1964 by John Landy. Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruit shop, so he built the Big Banana.The idea worked. Many people visited his fruit shop and took pictu
13、res of the Big Banana. Soon people all over Australia began making big things. 大香蕉在科夫斯港。它是由 John Landy 在 1964 建立的。兰迪想让人们到他的水果店去， 所以他做了一个大香蕉。 这个主意奏效了。 许多人参观他的水果店，拍了一张大香蕉的照片。很快，澳大利亚各地的人们开始制造大的东西。 The Big Merino 大美利奴羊 The Big Merino is in the city of Goulburn. Merinos are a type of sheep. They can live
14、 in dry weather. Some places in Australia are very dry, so these sheep are very important to the farmers there. Inside the Big Merino, there is a small museum about the history of wool in Australia. Visitors can also climb up to the Big Merinos head and look at the view through its eyes. 大美利奴人在 Goul
15、burn 市。美利奴羊是一种绵羊。他们可以在干燥的天气里生活。澳大利亚有些地方很干燥，所以这些羊对那里的农民很重要。在大美利奴的内部，有一个关于澳大利亚羊毛历史的小博物馆。游客也可以爬到大美利奴的头上，透过它的眼睛看风景。 7 知识点解析知识点解析 1. Is my encyclopedia useful? 1) useful:有用的，有益的，有帮助的 a useful book 2) use+ful= useful 名词+ful= 形容词 3) 以-ful 结尾的形容词的反义词多是相应的以-less 结尾的形容词。 eg:useful-useless careful-careless hel
16、pful-helpless 2. Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. 动词后加后缀动词后加后缀-er/ -or 构成一种职业。构成一种职业。 eg:teach 教- teacher 教师 sing 唱- singer 歌唱家 visit 参观- visitor 参观者 invent 发明- inventor 发明家 3. cook v.烹饪 My mother cooked a delicious meal for us. n.厨师 My father is
17、a famous cook. cooker n.厨具 Do you think rice cooker is a useful cooker? 4. Look it up!查阅；查查阅；查询，强调在词典、参考书等工具书里查阅。询，强调在词典、参考书等工具书里查阅。 We can look up new words in a dictionary. 【拓展】：look up 仰视；向上看 He looked up from his book as I came into the room. 5. Da Vinci was born in the countryside. be born 出生 一
18、般用于过去式 was born/ were born -be born in + 地点 I was born in Guangzhou. -be born in + 某年/某月 Jim was born in July. -be born on+ 具体到某一天 The twins were born on 1st January. 6. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. 8 show 1)出示，展示，显露，露出 He showed his photo to me = He showed m
19、e his photo. 2)流露，表示，表现 He showed great interest in science when he was young. 3)教，告诉，说明，指点 He showed me the way on the map. 7.His painting are very famous , and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. famous= well-known be famous for 由于.(事物)而出名 be famous as 作为.(事物)而出名
20、8. Dinosaurs lived on the Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. more than 超过；多于，相当于超过；多于，相当于 over less than 少于少于 They have more than a car. million 百万百万 1)与具体的数字连用时，不加 s ，后面直接接复数名词。 There are about two thousand students in this school. 2)固定短语：millions of（hundred, thousand, billion 和
21、million 的用法相同） Millions of people help them in different ways. 9. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. As.as 与.一样. 1)当两个比较对象在某方面相同时，用“ as + 形容词/副词原级+as”结构， 表示“（A 和 B）一样”. This tree is as tall as that one. 2)比较两个对象时，若一方不及另一方，则用“not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”结构， 表示“A 不如 B.” Our school is not as big as yo
22、urs. 9 as+adj(原级)+as 和.一样 I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。 not as+adj(原级)+as 不如. He is not as strong as you. 他不如你强壮 as many+可数名词+as 和.一样多 I have as many books as you (do) 我的书和你的一样多 as much+不可数名词+as 和.一样多 Drink as much juice as you want. 你想喝多少果汁就喝多少。 10.However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. however “
23、然而，但是然而，但是” 例：However,this does not always happen. however 然而 一般位于句首，能单独使用 He likes music. However, his wife doesnt. but 但是 位于分句的句首，不能单独使用 He likes music, but his wife doesnt. 11. a/ the number of 用法用法 a number of 与 the number of，二者的区别涉及到主谓一致的问题，它们修饰名词作主语时，谓语的数是不一样的。 (1)a number of意思是 “一些， 若干” (= so
24、me)， 后接可数名词复数或代词，谓语动词用复数形式。 还可以加入形容词表示数量大或小等(例如：a large/small number of许多/少数)。 A number of students have read that magazine. 有很多学生都看过那本杂志。 (2)the number of意思是“的数字/数目”，介词 of 同其后名词构成介词短语，修饰 the number.当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例如： The number of wild animals has become less and less. 野生动物的数量逐渐减少。 12.at the end o
25、f 在在.的末尾；在的末尾；在.的尽头的尽头 +时间时间/地点地点 There is a park at the end of the road. 10 We will have an exam at the end of the month. 13.used to do 过去常常做某事，并且含有现在已不做之意。过去常常做某事，并且含有现在已不做之意。 I used to go to that primary school. 拓展： be used to doing sth 现已习惯做某事 be used to do sth 被用来做某事 14.help sb do sth =help sb
26、with sth 帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事 He often helps me study English.=He often helps me with my English. 【拓展】 help oneself to .随便吃些. Help yourselves to some fish, children. Cant help doing .禁不住做. She cant help laughing. 15. Just remember to think and to dream. remember 及物动词 Please remember the story. 辨析：辨析：remem
27、ber to do sth 与与 remember doing sth remember to do sth 记得去做某事 （此事还未做） Remember to post his letter 记得要为他寄信 remember doing sth 记得已做过某事 （此事已做完） I remember posting his letter 我记得已帮他寄过信。 16.Somewhere small; others were huge. some.others. 一些.另一些. others 指除去一部分之后的另一些，但不是剩余的全部。 There are lots of people in t
28、he park. Some are walking and others are climbing the hill. some.the others 一些.其余的. the others 指剩下的全部包含在内的“其余的人或事物” 11 There are many children on the beach. Some can swim but the others cant. 语法：语法：some /any 复合不定代词复合不定代词 教材典句 1. I have some questions about dinosaurs. 2. Do they have any questions ab
29、out dinosaurs? 3. Would you like some tea? 4. We dont have any bread. 重点语法全解：重点语法全解： （一）（一） Some 和 any 都可以修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词， 表示 “一些.”但二者在用法上还是有区别的。 some 一般用于肯定句 any 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 （二）（二）some 和 any 的特殊用法： some 用在疑问句中，表示请求，建议或希望得到肯定回答。 any 可用于肯定句，表示“任何的，任一的”，后常接可数名词单数（any+单数名词）。 some+单数名词, 表示某一 复合不定代词 thi
30、ng body one some something somebody someone any anything anybody anyone every everything everybody everyone no nothing nobody no one 注意：不定代词注意：不定代词+形容词，形容词后置形容词，形容词后置 something important anything possible nothing wrong 例句：Is there anything important this month? 这个月有没有什么重要的事情？ 12 Theres nothing wrong
31、 with the machine. 机器没有毛病。 复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 例句：Someone wants to see you outside. 外面有人想见你。 Nothing is impossible. 没有什么是不可能的。/一切皆有可能。 D. wrong nothing 习题习题 练一练： 一、根据中文提示填空。 (1)I heard strange just now. 我刚刚听见一些奇怪的声音。 (2)Theres left in the fridge. 冰箱里什么都没有剩下。 (3)Would you like to eat
32、? 你想要吃点什么吗？ (5)Can you lend me money? 你能借我一些钱么? 二、选择题 ( )(1) .Not in our class likes playing football. Some of them like playing basketball. A .anyone B.everyone C .nobody D.someone ( )(2). Id like some tea. Sorry, we dont have . Would you like milk? A.some, some B.any, any C. some, any D .any, some
33、 ( ) (3). Im hungry. I want _ to eat. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing ( ) (4). Why not ask _ to help you? A. everyone B. someone C. anyone D. none ( ) (5). Everything _ ready. We can start now. A. are B. is C. be D. were ( ) (6). Theres _ with his eyes. Hes OK. A. anything wrong B.
34、 wrong something C. nothing wrong 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 13 1. It is useful (learn) a foreign language. 2. Can you help me (carry) the box, Lily? 3. Remember (write) to me when you get to Beijing. 4. I need some (potato) . Do you have any? 5. About two (million ) people listened to the programme. 6. I thin
35、k telephone is one of the most important (invent) in the world. 7. Tom wants to be a (cook) in the future. 四、单选题。 1. This morning I some new restaurant on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her birthday. A.picked up B.looked up C. cleaned up D. gave up 2. My mother was bo
36、rn a cold morning. A. on B. at C. in D.during 3. Zhou Jielun is famous a singer. A. as B. for C. in D. at 4. He wrote songs. A. hundred B.one hundred C. hundred of D. one hundred of 5. He often helps me my Maths. A. to B.with C. on D. in 6.My host family tried to cook _ for me when I studied in Lond
37、on. A.different something B. different anything C.something different D. anything different 7. -_ do you watch TV every week? -Less than two hours. I often have much homework to do. A.How many B. How much C.How long D. How often 8.Our team _ the match. We have got the first place. A.hit B. beat C. w
38、on D. watched 9. -Steven,could you help _ when he plane will take off on the Internet? 14 -Sorry,my computer doesnt work. A.get on B. find out C.look for D. look after 10. -I often have hamburgers for lunch. -Youd better not. Its bad for you too much junk food. A. eat B.to eat C. eating D. ate 11. H
39、e lost his key. It made him in the cold to wait for his wifes return. A.to stay B. stayed C. stays D. stay 12. In our school library there a number of the books on science, and in these year the number of them growing larger and larger. A.are;is B. is; are C. have; are D. has; is 13. You can get muc
40、h about the World Expo on the Internet. A.map B.picture C. ticket D. information 14. birds died because of pollution. A.Two millions B. Millions of C. Million of D.Two millions of 15. What a find day! Lets go a walk. A.for B. at C. out D. in 五、完形填空 Dickens, one of the greatest English writers,was bo
41、rn in 1 of the small towns in England. When Dickens was nine years old, the family moved to London, the2 of England. There were several younger children in the 3. . Their life was4. . So Dickens could not go to school. He didnt go to 5. until his father came out of prison(监狱). At that time he was al
42、ready twelve years old. But he did not finish school. Two years6 , he began to work. He often went to the library to 7 books. He read a lot. Then Dickens wrote lots of novels and stories all his8 . Dickens9 over a hundred years ago. 10. people are still reading his books with great interest. ( ) 1.
43、A. any B. one C. some D. a ( ) 2. A. city B. town C. capital D. country 15 ( ) 3. A. school B. class C. city D. family ( ) 4. A. good B. hard C.easy D. wonderful ( ) 5. A. school B. a school C. the school D.schools ( ) 6. A. ago B. before C. later D. since ( ) 7. A. see B. buy C. sell D. read ( ) 8.
44、 A. money B. home C. class D. life ( ) 9. A. won B. drew C. read D. died ( ) 10. A. But B. So C. Why D. While 习题参考答案习题参考答案 一、1.something 2.nothing 3.something 4.some 二、1-6 BDBBBC 三、1.to learn 2.carry 3.to write 4.potatoes 5.million 6.inventionS 7.cook 四、1-5 B A A B B 6-10 C C C B B 11-15 D A D B A 五
45、、1-5 B C D B A 6-10 C D D D A 16 Unit 2 Numbers 单词单词 短语短语 1. in ones daily life 在某人的日常生活 7. give sb good advice 给某人好的建议 2.challengeto向（某人）挑战 8.follow ones advice 接受某人建议 3. copy down 抄写，誊写 9.not any more 不再 4. so that 为的是，以便 10. take place 发生 5.order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事 11. promise to do sth 承诺做某事 6
46、. ask sb for help 向某人求救 12. in this way 用这种方法 13.be made from由制成(看不出原材料) be made of 由制成 （看得出原材料） 14.enough + 名词+ to do sth /形容词+enough+ to do sth 足够干某事 重点句型重点句型 1. Whats 6 minus 6? 六减六等于多少呢？ 2. From then on he was not lazy any more. 从那以后，他不再懒惰。 3. Hello, this is Joyce speaking. 17 你好，我是乔伊斯。 4. Would
47、nt you like gold or silver instead? 难道你不想要金子或银子代替吗？ 扫一扫，听课文扫一扫，听课文 课文翻译课文翻译 The king and the rice A long time ago, there was a king in India. The king s favourite game was chess. One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game. The king promised the old man, “ You ca
48、n have any prize if you win the game.” The old man said, “If I win the game, Id like one grain of rice for the first square of the chessboard, two for the second, four for the third, and then double the amount for each of the rest of the squares.” “Is that all?” asked the king. “Wouldnt you like gol
49、d or silver instead?” “No, just rice,” replied the old man. The king and the old man played the game for a long time. Finally, the old man won. So the king ordered his men to collect a bag of rice. He put one grain on the first square, two on the second, and so on. The king quickly realized the prob
50、lem -even with all the rice in the country, he would still not have enough rice to put on all the squares! 国王与大米 很久以前，印度有一位国王。国王最喜欢的比赛是下棋。 一天，一个聪明的老人来到王宫，国王向他挑战。国王答应老人：“如果你赢了比赛，你可以得到任何奖赏。” 老人说：“如果我赢了这场比赛，我想要一粒米做棋盘第一格，两粒米做第二格，四粒米做第三格，然后把其余各格的米加倍。” “就这些吗？国王问道。“难道你不喜欢金子还是银子？”“ “不，只是米饭，”老人答道。 国王和老人玩了很长时