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高一英语初高中衔接专题十一主谓一致的考点集汇讲解和训练

1、专题十一:主谓一致的考点集汇,讲解和训练【名师点睛】谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1. 语法一致的原则(1) 以单数名词或代词, 动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数; 主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:He goes to school early every morning. The children are playing outside. To work hard is necessary for a student. (2)由 and 或 both and 连接的 并列成分作主语时,

2、谓语动词用复数。例如:Both he and I are right. Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom. 但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl. The poet and writer has come. (3)由 and 连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every 修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如: In our country every boy and every girl has the righ

3、t to receive education. Each man and each woman is asked to help. (4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. Nobody but two boys was late for class. Bread and butter is a daily food in the west. (5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, p

4、olice, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:A lot of people are dancing outside. The police are looking for lost boy. (6)由 each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如: Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone. ( 7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例

5、如: Where are my shoes? I can t find them.Your trousers are dirty. Youd better change them.如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如: Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed. 2. 意义一致的原则(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:Twenty years is not a long time. T

6、en dollars is too dear. (2)有些集合名词,如family, team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如:My family is big one. My family are watching TV. (3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:All of the work has been finished. All of

7、 the people have gone. (4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如: Who is your brother? Who are League members? (5) “分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of 后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如: It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women. Three fourths of the surface of the e

8、arth is sea. (6)half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如: I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult. Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick. (7)由what 引导地主于从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如: What she said is co

9、rrect. What she left me are a few old books. (8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词) ”作主语,往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. The dead is a famous person. 3. 邻近一致的原则(1)由连词or, either or, neither nor, not only but also, 等连接的并列主语,如果

10、一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。例如:Either you or I am right. Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it. (2)在“ There be ” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 There are two apples and one egg in it. (3)as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。 He as well as I is responsible for it. 不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。(4)以 her

11、e 开头的句子,其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 Here is a letter and some books for you. 【演练】1. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy. A. is B. was C. are D. were 2. -When are you going to Kumming for your holidays? -I haven t decided. _ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither;

12、 nor D. Not only; but also 3. _ Helen _ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China. A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B 4. _ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each 5. Are there any _ on the farm? A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 6. My

13、shirt _ white and my trousers _ blue. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are 7. -Two months _ quite a long time. -Yes. I m afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 8. The old man has two children but _ of them lives with him. A. both B. none C. neither D. all 9. Ou

14、r knowledge of computer _ growing all the time. A. be B. is C. are D. were 10. Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began. A. is B. was C. are D. were 11. Most of the houses _ this year. A. has built B. have built C. has been built D. have been built 12 . I think maths _ very diffic

15、ult to learn. A. is B. are C. has D. have 13. A large number of students _ to work in Xingjiang. A. have gone B. has gone C. goes D. is going 14. The number of the students in the class _ small. A. are B. is C. have D. were 15. There _ a lot of good news in todays newspaper. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【练习答案】1. B 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.A