1、20222022 年北京市海淀区中考一模英语试题年北京市海淀区中考一模英语试题 一、单项填空一、单项填空(每题每题 0. 5 分分,共共 6 分分) 从下面各题所给的从下面各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. My brother is very friendly. _ gets along well with others. A. He B. She C. I D. You 2. Wu Dajing, a gold medalist, started to practice speed skating _ the
2、 age of ten. A. on B. in C. for D. at 3. _ do you play basketball with your classmates, David? Twice a week. A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How far 4. Our parents help and support us a lot, _ we should be thankful to them. A. but B. or C. so D. because 5. _ you lend me your dictionary, Laur
3、a? Sorry, I cant. I have just lent it to Eric. A. Could B. Should C. Must D. Need 6. We should keep in mind that nothing is _ than safety. A. important B. more important C. most important D. the most important 7. Nick, take out the trash, please. Wait a minute, Mom. I _ an e-mail to Mr. Smith now. A
4、 write B. am writing C. wrote D. will write 8. The supermarket _ at 8:30 a.m. and closes at 8:30 p.m. every day. A. is opening B. opened C. opens D. will open 9. All of us _ great progress since we started junior high school. A. make B. made C. have made D. will make 10. The kids _ an online lesson
5、when their parents arrived home yesterday. A. took B. take C. are taking D. were taking 11. A new hospital _ in the village by the government last year. A. builds B. built C. is built D. was built 12. Tom, do you know _? Next Friday. A. when will we hold the sports meeting B. when we will hold the s
6、ports meeting C. when did we hold the sports meeting D. when we held the sports meeting 二、完形填空（每题二、完形填空（每题 1 分分,共共 8 分）分） 阅读下面的短文阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的然后从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中四个选项中,选择最佳选选择最佳选项。项。 It was January 2021. My second term in high school had just ended. Two weeks earlier, my parent
7、s checked my grades and _13_ more than 20 missing tasks. Bright and able as I was, I had often struggled （挣扎） with _14_ and procrastination （拖延） , especially with writing tasks. But this time was different, and the pandemic （疫情） was to blame. I was doing my first year partly from home where I did my
8、 schoolwork on my own time, and, for the most part, without teacher guidance. The _15_ was too much. I could do a million other things rather than my homework. I told my mom what I was missing from my teachers and classmates, “When a teacher walks around the classroom, you want to be on task, and yo
9、u dont want to fall behind the other students.” My parents tried to help, but their _16_ fell far short of their expectations. Tired from working long days, they criticized rather than advised. Late-night learning hours ended in _17_ matches. All three of us were upset and stressed out. We knew we c
10、ouldnt solve this alone. So when my mom heard that Steve Merrill, an experienced teacher, could help, she _18_ out. Mr. Merrill told me that his students also had problems in the same areas: task organization and time management. He taught me to break down big tasks into small ones. We met twice a w
11、eek, over video, where we could look over my tasks and put the skill into practice. After a few months, I started to see positive results. My grades were improving. My work habits were becoming more regular. There were _19_ late-night learning hours and fights. The other evening I came downstairs to
12、 ask my parents for help with a writing task. There was something different. I had _20_ most of it two days before the deadline! While I dont expect this school year to be easy, I now have some of the tools I need to help me through it. 13. A. counted B. finished C. changed D. gave 14. A. discussion
13、 B. expression C. competition D. organization 15. A. knowledge B. stress C. freedom D. advice 16. A. rules B. efforts C. habits D. experiences 17. A. searching B. reading C. joking D. shouting 18. A. reached B. helped C. worked D. dropped 19. A. better B. fewer C. stronger D. busier 20. A. shared B.
14、 forgotten C. completed D. mistaken 三、阅读理解（每题三、阅读理解（每题 2 分分,共共 26 分）分） 阅读下列短文阅读下列短文,根据短文内容根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中四个选项中,选择最佳选项。选择最佳选项。 A You change into your pajamas, turn off the lights, and get yourself ready to sleep. How do you prefer to sleep, on the back or on your side? Here are
15、 some interesting sleeping positions. Starfish Starfish is when you lie on your back and sleep with your arms lifted up near your head. According to studies, only 5% of people sleep like this. It often causes lower back pain. You can place a pillow （枕头） under your knees if you have lower back pain.
16、You will feel more comfortable this way. Soldier Position This sleeping position is kind of strange, but very common. Its when you sleep on your back with your arms down and very close to your body. Studies have shown that people who sleep like this may be quieter. It is actually a good sleeping pos
17、ition, as it helps keep your spine (脊柱) in a straight line. Sleeping on Your Belly Do you like to sleep on your belly, but experience problems oftentimes? The position might not help you. It can make your neck uncomfortable. But if this is how you like to sleep, you might consider using a very soft
18、cooling pillow to keep your neck comfortable. Freefall If this sleeping position is not familiar to you, you should know that at least 7% of the worlds population sleep that way. In this position, you have your hands on or around your pillow, with your head turned to one side. But it may create a tw
19、ist (扭伤) in the neck. Some studies suggest that generally youre a social person if you like to sleep in this position. 21. Which sleeping position often causes lower back pain? A. Starfish. B. Soldier Position. C. Sleeping on Your Belly. D. Freefall. 22. Sleeping in the soldier position helps _. A.
20、you fall asleep quickly B. keep your spine in a straight line C. you breathe easily D. treat the pain in your neck 23. If Tom likes to sleep in the freefall position, he might be _. A. social B. quiet C. honest D. careful B Jeremiahs Mistake Jeremiah hurried into the kitchen and washed his hands. He
21、 had exactly one hour until his father got home. He wasnt used to starting dinner this early. On his nights to cook, Jeremiah generally got dinner ready in fifteen minutes. But Dad always praised Jeremiahs meals, no matter how simple they were. “Delicious!” he would say. But Jeremiah knew Dad liked
22、more complicated (复杂的) dishes, because on Dads nights to cook, he used a ton of ingredients. Dad was a natural cook. Not Jeremiah-at least, not until tonight. It was Dads birthday, and for once in his life, Jeremiah was cooking something complicated: spaghetti with homemade sauce (酱). Hed eaten it a
23、 million times, so he knew most of the ingredients. “Tomatoes, onions, garlic, beef,” he thought, looking through the fridge. They had everything except the beef. No problemtheyd go vegetarian tonight. Jeremiah cut up the vegetables with Dads special knife and put them into the pot. Then he turned t
24、o Dads spice(香料) collection. He picked a few familiar ones and put them in. The pleasing smell of fresh tomatoes amazed him. He tasted it just as Dad usually did. It was terrible! Way too spicy. Aha! A lime would cool things down. He added in as much lime juice as he could. One more taste. Ugh. It w
25、as awful! Now the sauce was sour and spicy. He left the kitchen and went into his room. He could at least order pizza, so Dad wouldnt have to stay hungry on his own birthday. As he counted his money, he heard the front door open. “Hi, Jeremiah!” Dad called. “Coming.” Jeremiah returned to the kitchen
26、, where he found Dad digging through the food cupboard. “Im buying pizza,” Jeremiah said. “Its not much of a birthday dinner.” Dad turned holding a bag of chips and a bowl of Jeremiahs spaghetti sauce. “We dont need pizza!” Dad smiled. “This delicious salsa(萨尔萨辣酱) is a meal in itself!” 24. Why did J
27、eremiah decide to cook something complicated? A. Because it was his dads birthday. B. Because his dad told him to do so. C. Because he arrived home early. D. Because he was a natural cook. 25. Jeremiah thought the sauce he made was _. A. neither sour nor spicy enough B. different from what he had ex
28、pected C. simple but healthy D. as delicious as he had imagined 26. What can we learn about Jeremiahs father? A. He takes his job seriously. B. He is creative and strict. C. He expects his son to be skillful. D. He is loving and encouraging. C Why Do Top Athletes Choke Under Pressure? According to c
29、lassic economic theory, the higher the reward, the better the expected performance. As a result, we could expect the best performance at the most important moments. But why do we so often see the most talented and experienced athletes perform much worse than expected in important competitions like t
30、he Olympics? Why the Drop in Performance? It is not necessarily true that theres a direct relationship between incentives (激励) and achievement. Research has shown that increased motivation (动机) beyond a certain level harms an athletes performance. We call this phenomenon “choking under pressure”. Gr
31、eater incentives may lead to higher levels of arousal (兴奋). The relationship between performance and arousal looks like an inverted U shape (倒 U形), meaning that performance is the best at certain levels of arousal and drops with over-arousal. The desire to perform as well as possible is thought to c
32、reate performance pressure. Many studies have shown increased pressure has a bad effect on athletes performance in skill-based games. When people overthink or consciously monitor each step, the drop in performance happens. 2 Beyond the pressure coming from the important competitions, another thing t
33、hat may add pressure is the level of expectations. An experiment suggested high audience expectations harm performance in a skill-based task. For example, one of the most famous biathletes in history, Martin Fourcade, said it was very emotional for him to compete in his home country and also much ha
34、rder than competing abroad because of greater expectations. We tested this home disadvantage by using data from biathlon (冬季两项) competitions over 17 years. We have found the most titled athletes miss a lot more shots when competing in their home country compared to when they compete abroad. The most
35、 reasonable explanation likely relates to the level of expectations from the homeland. How to Deal with It? There are several ways to reduce stress, such as a countdown or taking a deep breath before the task. But the base for any solution is to realize that stress affects performance. Choking under
36、 pressure can happen to the best athletes and its not a shame to admit it. The more athletes know about the effect pressure can have on them, the more likely they are to succeed at the highest level. 27. What can we learn from “choking under pressure”? A. The higher the reward, the better the expect
37、ed performance. B. Better achievement in games results from a drop in pressure. C. Arousal beyond a certain level harms an athletes performance. D. Athletes performance in games has something to do with their training. 28. Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraph 4 and 5? A. Pr
38、essure as a Key to Improving Performance. B. Pressure as a Push for Becoming Top-level Athletes. C. High Expectations as a Cause of Choking Under Pressure. D. High Expectations as an Incentive to Compete in the Home Country. 29. To deal with pressure, the athletes should first _. A. avoid the possib
39、le feelings of pressure B. share their worries with friends and coaches C. try their best to succeed at the highest level D. recognize the effect of stress on performance D Nowadays, the online world is nearly as important as the real one. It is not uncommon to see the whole Internet bands together
40、to “cancel” someone after they make a mistake, which is called Cancel Culture. It can result in a person, if famous, losing fans and having to face attacks online. Even a normal person faces risks of losing their jobs or personal relationships. While stepping foot on any social media platform, every
41、one including young children can fall victim to it. Cancel Culture is a lose-lose situation. The person being canceled has to stand the negative effects of the Internet, and the people doing the canceling are contributing to (促成) the mindset that its okay to do this to people they dont know. Young k
42、ids may not understand or contribute completely to Cancel Culture, but by simply being on the Internet, they can see it firsthand, affecting their real lives. A New York Metro Parents article describes one girl who was canceled in school the same way people are canceled on the Internet, and her frie
43、nds wouldnt even talk to or look at her. Dr. Pam Rultledge, a media psychologist, explains in her blog post that Cancel Culture discourages kids from expressing their opinions and standing up for others. Its always an “us against them” mindset; anyone agreeing with the person being canceled is at ri
44、sk of being left out online too. So again I ask, what is this teaching our kids? That they arent allowed to make mistakes? That they have to be perfect? This may be the current narrative, but it shouldnt be. Everyone messes up at some point, especially young children. They shouldnt be publicly punis
45、hed for it and not given the chance to change peoples minds. Forgiveness is an important skill kids need to learn, and Cancel Culture is encouraging the opposite. One small mistake doesnt make someone a bad person, but Cancel Culture makes them feel as if they are. Cancel Culture doesnt have to exis
46、t. We make it exist. And just as easily, we can make it disappear by contributing to an online world full of praise and love. 30. The underlined words “fall victim to” in Paragraph 1 probably mean “_”. A. be attracted to B. get used to C. be shocked by D. get hurt by 31. Why does the writer mention
47、the New York Metro Parents article in Paragraph 2? A. To explain why Cancel Culture does harm to childrens friendships. B. To stress the importance of close relationships with friends for students. C. To show how Cancel Culture has exercised influence on kids real lives. D. To suggest possible ways
48、of changing the habit of overusing the Internet. 32. In Cancel Culture, a person who makes mistakes will be _. A. comforted with great patience B. left out and publicly punished C. taught how to correct the mistakes D. blocked from using the Internet again 33. By saying “This may be the current narr
49、ative, but it shouldnt be” in Paragraph 4,the writer wants to express that Cancel Culture _. A. is easy to change B. has a two-sided nature C. is supposed to be canceled D. stops mistakes from being repeated 四、阅读表达（每题四、阅读表达（每题 2 分分,共共 10 分）分） 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题 Eradajere Oleita has a tradition on her b
50、irthday of finding some way to give back. So as her 25th birthday was around the corner in 2020, she started looking for her next project. She found it when she came across a video on the Internet about how to iron foil-lined（铝箔内衬的）chip bags into sleeping bags. Oleita said the video gave her the ide