1、2019 年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试 上海一考英语试卷上海一考英语试卷 考生注意：考生注意： 1. 考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 150分 2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第卷（第 1-12页）和第卷（第 13页） ，全卷共 13 页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。 第第卷（共卷（共 100 分）分） .Listening Section A Directions: In Section A,
2、 you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your pa
3、per, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a church. B. In the mans home. C. In a restaurant. D. In a furniture store 2. A. She was excited. B. She was very nervous. C. She was very confident. D. There was something wrong with her heart. 3. A. She is full.
4、B. She doesnt like that snack bar C. She is ill. D. She is going to see the doctor. 4. A. 150 pounds. B. 110 pounds. C. 50 pounds. D. 100 pound. 5. A. He couldnt spell the words. B. He did well in spelling. C. He reckoned that it was hard to say. D. He didnt do well in contest. 6. A. Concerned. B. S
5、atisfied. C. Relaxed. D. Depressed 7. A. They are talking about a fitness coach. B. They are discussing about the former firm. C. They are talking about their former colleague. D. They are talking about their friends school. 8. A. Young people werent satisfied with the lecture. B. The lecture was ve
6、ry successful. C. Drinking water was banned in the lecture. D. The lecture made people feel thirsty. 9. A. The boss. B. Tom. C. The woman. D. The man. 10. A. He already has one calculator. B. He doesnt like the solar-powered calculator. C. He is good at calculating. D. He would like lo have a differ
7、ent present. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question
8、, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. 1938. B. 1939. C. 1942. D. 1948. 12. A. Because most Australians couldnt afford it. B. Because the war broke out. C
9、. Because the flying boats were out of dated. D. Because land-based aircraft had developed rapidly. 13. A. The price of flying boats. B. The development of Rose Bay. C. The surprising history of flying boats. D. The advancement of flying boats. Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passa
10、ge. 14. A. They have various skills. B. They are well organized. C. They can solve difficult problems. D. They have creative ideas. 15. A. Disorderliness might result in creativity. B. Creativity might lead to messiness. C. Smarter people believe that cleanliness is not important. D. Messiness helps
11、 cultivate creativity. 16. A. The qualities of intelligent people. B. The misunderstanding of creativity. C. The relationship between creativity and messiness. D. The components of creativity. Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. A new research into the human brain.
12、 B. The advantages of men and women. C. The different connections in brain in men and women. D. The study on two sides of the brain. 18. A. In mens brains, there are stronger connections in two sides of the brain. B. In mens brains, there are stronger connections in each half of the brain. C. The co
13、nnections in mens brain are not so strong as those in womens brain. D. There is nothing different between male and female brain. 19. A. Multitask. B. Map reading. C. Cycling. D. Performing a single task. 20. A. The different-connection theory is not convincing. B. He holds a neutral attitude to the
14、research findings. C. The connections inside the brain will not change immediately. D. He disagrees with the new findings and thinks the connection inside the brain is complex and changeable. . Grammar Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the p
15、assage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Start with the end and work backwards When Jason Hoelscher was an undergraduate of fine art studies, t
16、here werent any professional development classes. So ambition and the timely realization _1_ he would have to determine “whats next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. It was 1996, and he was finishing his BFA (Bachelor of Fine Art) in Denver. He was faced with the c
17、hoice of sitting back to wait for something _2_ (happen), or pursuing a path into the unknown. He chose the latter. Jason set up a plan that in five years he _3_ (show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country. This five-year goal gave him a starting point _4_ which to work backwards.
18、 By setting the goal, all of Jasons efforts _5_ (point) in the same direction. He showed up at different art show openings, and researched as best he could to make _6_ familiar with the market environment. As a result of showing up, Jason took opportunities _7_ got him closer to his goal. He sent wo
19、rk to a student show and was accepted by Robin Rule, the owner of Rule Gallery. _8_ (inspire), Jason spent the next month making new work. In April of 1997, Jason went back to Rule Gallery with his new work. _9_ scared to death, he looked confident at the gallery meeting. When he left, he left as th
20、e newest addition to the rule gallery roster (花名册). He had his first exhibition there one year later. Jason could have stopped with the show selection, but what he really wanted was gallery representation. He struck while the iron was hot, and in _10_ (do) so, shortened his five-year plan into a yea
21、r-and-a-half. 【答案】1. that 2. to happen 3. would show 4. from 5. pointed 6. himself 7. and 8. Inspired 9. Although 10. doing 【解析】 本文属于记叙文，介绍 Jason Hoelscher为自己设定一个五年目标，不断努力，最终用一年半就实现了。 【1 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他自己决定自己要做什么的雄心和及时觉悟督促他自己找到未来的方向。分析句子可知，he would have to determine “whats next” on his own 为限制性定语从句
22、修饰先行词 So ambition and the timely realization，从句缺乏 have 的宾语，故用关系代词 that 或者 which。 【2 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他面临两个选择，第一个坐着等待事情的发生，另一个选择就是去探索未知的路。分析句子可知，happen作后置定语修饰 something，故用不定式 to happen。 【3 题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：他给自己设定了一个目标，用五年的时间，他要让他自己的作品在全国顶尖艺术馆里被展出。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，show与 he为主谓关系，故用主动语态，由于陈述过去的计划和打算，故用过去将来
23、时，综述用 would show。 【4 题详解】 考查介词。 句意： 这个五年时间的目标给了他一个起点， 他可以从这个起点反向努力。 分析句子可知， which to work backwards为定语从句结构修饰先行词 starting point， 从句缺乏介词， 根据先行词， 故用介词 from。 【5 题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：通过设定目标，他的所有努力能向着同一个方向。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，point与主语 efforts 为主谓关系，故用主动语态，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时 pointed。 【6 题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：他会出现在各个艺术展览开幕式，尽可
24、能做研究来让自己熟悉市场环境。分析句子可知，本句缺乏宾语，由于主语为 he，宾语与主语为同一人称，故宾语用反身代词 himself。 【7 题详解】 考查连词。 句意： 由于经常露面， 他抓住所有机会， 朝着自己的目标不断前进。 分析句子可知， took opportunities和 got him closer都是句子谓语，为并列关系，故用并列连词 and。 【8 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：深受启发，他花了一个月时间来创作新的作品。分析句子可知，inspire 作状语修饰he，与其属于动宾关系，故用过去分词形式 Inspired。 【9 题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：尽管害怕的要死，但
25、是在展览会上他看起来信心满满。分析句子可知，前后句属于转折让步关系，故用连词 Although。 【10 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他趁热打铁，通过这样做，把五年的目标用一年半的时间就实现了。in 为介词后接动词 ing形式，故用 doing。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Bill Drayton
26、 believes were in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transition. For millenniums most peoples lives had a certain _11_. You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill ove
27、r the course of your career. But these days machines can do pretty much anything thats _12_. The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker. Changemakers are people who can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, f
28、igure out ways to solve the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problem, organize fluid teams, lead collective action and then _13_ adapt as situations change. For example, Ashoka fellow Andr s Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, calle
29、d Haus, that allows people to _14_ with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that _15_ everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together. To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to poss
30、ess what Drayton calls “cognitive empathy-based living for the good of all.” Congnitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in _16_ circumstances. “For the good of all” is the capacity to build teams. It doesnt matter if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line o
31、f a plant, companies will now only hire people who can _17_ problems and organize responses. Millions of people already live with the mind-set. But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rules and repetitive skills. They hear society telling them: We dont need you. We dont need your ki
32、ds, either.” Of course, those people go into reactionary mode and strike back. The central _18_ of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, society realized it needed universal _19_. Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make
33、the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success. Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of _20_ shift can be promoted. It turns out that successful movements take similar steps. 【答案】11. D 12. A 13. B 14. H 15. C 16. I 17. E 18.
34、G 19. K 20. F 【解析】 本文属于议论文，现在机器几乎可以做任何事情。新世界需要不同类型的人。德雷顿称这种新类型的人是变革者。 11 题详解】 考查名词。句意：几千年以来，大多数人的生活都有一个特定的模式。根据后一句 You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of you
35、r career.可知，去学校学商业或者学习一门技术，然后利用这门技术来过上幸福生活，故可以推出大部分的生活都有一定的模式，故选 pattern（模式） ，故选 D。 【12 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但是如今机器可以作所有重复性的事情。根据后文可知，现代社会需要的是能够解决问题，组建一个流畅的团队，因而可以得出，机器可以取代人类做重复性的事情，故用 repetitive（重复性的） ，故选 A。 。 【13 题详解】 考查副词。句意：变革者就是那些能够看清自己周围的模式，识别存在的问题，找到解决问题的办法，组建一个流利的团队，领导集体性行动，以及不断适应不断改变的环境。根据本句 adapt
36、 as situations change可知，变革者需要不断适应环境，故用 continually，故选 B。 【14 题详解】 考查动词。句意：他制作了一个软件叫 Haus，能够把邻居组成一个网络。根据后文 It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together可知， 这个软件可以把邻居联系在一起， 故用 network （组建网络） ，故选 H。 【15 题详解】 考查动词。句意：这个软件有一个紧急按钮，当有犯罪行为发生的时候，按了按钮之后就能够及时提醒邻居。分析句子可知，本句讲述 a
37、pp的作用，故用 alerts（警示）, 故选 C。 【16 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：认知移情就是理解人们在不断进化的环境中感受的能力。分析文章可知，本文讲述随着时代的发展，我们需要的人才和能力也是不同的，因而选 evolving（进化的） ，故选 I。 【17 题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果你现在在自助餐厅或者电站的检测线上工作，没关系，因为这些公司以后只会雇佣那些能够发现问题和解决问题的人。 根据文章 The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal ch
38、angemaker.可知，现在社会需要的是能够发现和解决问题的人，故用 locate（定位） ，故选 E。 【18 题详解】 考查名词。 句意： Drayton说， 我们这个时代最主要的挑战就是让每个人都成为变革者。 根据后文Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.可知， 学校需要做出改变来培养变革者，
39、 这也是很大的挑战， 故选 G。 【19 题详解】 考查名词。句意：他说，在早期时代，社会意识到大家都必需要具备读写能力。根据后文 Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal.可知，学校必须做出改变，故选 literacy（读写能力） ，故选 K。 【20 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：Ashoka 研究了社会变革来找出怎样才能促进这种精神转变。根据前文可知，本文主要讲述人们意识的改变，故用 mental，故选 F。 . Re
40、ading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the work or phrase that best fits the context. More people are travelling than ever before, and lower harriers to entry and falling costs m
41、eans they are doing so for _21_ periods. The rise of “city breaks” -48-hour bursts of foreign cultures, easier on the pocket and annual leave balance has increased tourist numbers, but not their _22_ spread. The same attractions have been used to market cities such as Paris, Barcelona and Venice for
42、 decades, and visitors use the same infrastructure as residents to reach them. “Too many people do the same thing at the exact same time,” says Font. “For _23_, the city no longer belongs to them.” This starts with marketing, says Font, who notes that Amsterdam has started advising visitors to seek
43、_24_ outside of the city centre on its official website. “That takes some balls, really to do that. But only so many people will look at the website, and it means they can say to their residents theyre doing all they can to ease congestion.” But it also _25_ a better way, it is called “detourism”: s
44、ustainable travel tips an _26_ itineraries for exploring an authentic Venice, off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year. A greater variety of _27_ for prospective visitors - ideas for what to do in off-peak seasons, for example, or outside of the city center - can hav
45、e the effect of diverting them from already saturated landmarks, or _28_ short breaks away in the first place. Longer stays _29_ the pressure, says Font. If you go to Paris for two days, youre going to go to the Eiffel Tower. “If you go for two weeks, youre not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 tim
46、es.” Similarly, repeat visitors have a better sense of the _30_, “We should be asking how we get tourists to _31_, not how to get them to come for the first time. If theyre coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behavior with ours.” Local governments can foster this sustaina
47、ble activity by giving preference to responsible operator and even high-paying consumers. Font says cities could stand to be more selective about the tourists they try to attract when the current metric for marketing success is how many there are, and how far theyve come. “Youre thinking, yeah but a
48、t what cost.” He points to unpublished data from the Barcelona Tourist Board that prioritizes Japanese tourists for spending an average of 40 more per day than French tourist as a(n) _32_ that fails to take into account their bigger carbon footprint. _33_ tourists are also more likely to be repeat v
49、isitors that come at off-peak times, buy local produce, and _34_ to less crowded parts of the city - all productive steps towards more _35_ tourism, and more peaceful relations with residents. 21. A. longer B. shorter C. wider D. clearer 22. A. environmental B. national C. economic D. geographic 23.
50、 A. locals B. tourists C. visitors D. cleaners 24. A. transports B. accommodation C. restaurants D. service 25. A. addresses B. paves C. proposes D. receives 26. A. separate B. individual C. alternative D. objective 27. A. reform B. guidance C. invitation D. support 28. A. convincing B. discouraging