1、 2018 年 1 月上海普通高等招生统一考试 英语试卷 （满分 150 分，考试时间 120 分钟） 考生注意： 答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。 1. Listening Comprehension Directions： In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speaks. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.
2、 The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Her working all day long. B. The family reunion. C. The an
3、noying housework. D. The intense schedule. 2. A. The kids were frightened by the movie. B. The kids enjoyed the movie. C. The movie is not suitable for kids to see. D. The movie is quite boring. 3. A. She is drinking tea at a table. B. She is interested in reading magazines. C. She likes the picture
4、s in the magazines. D. She doesnt know any Chinese. 4. A. Supermarket. B. Drug store. C. Barber shop. D. Shopping center. 5. A. He likes cooking food himself. B. He thinks frozen food is healthier. C. He accepts the womans invitation. D. He prefers to buy frozen food. 6. A. A full-time student. B. A
5、n exchange student. C. A visiting scholar. D. A part-time student. 7. A. She is bossy. B. She is shy. C. She is arrogant (傲慢的). D. She is trustworthy. 8. A. Hes a teacher. B. Hes a writer. C. Hes a businessman. D. Hes a journalist. 9. A. 1 hour. B. 2 hours. C. 3 hours. D. 4 hours. 10. A. The bad wea
6、ther stopped him. B. His shoes were worn out. C. He didnt like the biking trip. D. Hes too tired to continue. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation .After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several question. The passages and con
7、versation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. They became more a
8、ctive in water. B. Symptoms of depression disappeared. C. Their digestion developed. D. They suffered from depression. 12. A. Neon lights. B. Kindle screens. C. Overweight. D. Closed window curtains. 13. A. Turn off all the electronic devices. B. Read a book and drink some water. C. Take some sleep
9、pills. D. Go on a diet and lose some weight. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. 71 % of the poor live a day with less than ten dollars. B. The population of people live in poverty has decreased in the past decade. C. Economic growth has made global poverty worse than
10、before. D. The middle class are now one step away from poverty. 15. A. The middle class has expanded in the 111 countries. B. The number of middle class has increased but it is not a global phenomenon. C. Great progress has been made for the people in poverty with impressive results. D. Once getting
11、 out of poverty, those people will live a better life. 16. A. The middle class would not allow those poor to make a better living. B. Whatever progress is made, nothing will be changed. C. Good changes are too tiny to make those poor live a totally different life. D. Developed countries suffer from
12、the question from both poverty and the middle class. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. A thunderstorm accident. B. A cable emergency. C. An appointment on Saturday. D. A computer system breakdown. 18. A. Lightning. B. Power failure. C. Cable cut. D. System failu
13、re. 19. A. Plug the TV off. B. Keep the cable connected. C. Stay at home. D. Call the cable center for sure. 20. A. On Saturday morning. B. On Saturday afternoon. C. On Tuesday morning. D. On Tuesday afternoon. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill i
14、n the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. My Kid-Free Life I had expected to have more free time after my sons, Evan
15、and Alex, each left for college and I do. The kitchen calendar looks spare. Rarely (21) _ I need to prepare family dinner every day. There is a lot (22) _ (little) laundry. When the boys were infants, I wondered how I (23) _ (spend) all the hours before they were born. (24) _ _ I have those hours ba
16、ck, I can focus on my own needs. I had also expected to worry about them when they were away. And I do. Did they get their flu shots (流感疫苗注射)？Will they remember the talks about “good choices”? On the other hand, the worry is mixed with relief. I have seen (25) _ vigorously they grow without me. Do I
17、 miss them? Yes. Both more and less than Id guessed. Do I feel united for having lost my primary role in life? No, because over the year, I took great pride (26) _ the fact that my identity was not dependent on theirs. But, surprisingly, yes. (27) _ (be) a different kind of mother defines me now. Th
18、e missing comes at unexpected moments: seeing the school bus drive by, starting to put too many plates on the table When they have doubts about friendships or job prospects, I can only say, “Im sure you will figure it out.” And yet, the spaces (28) _ (empty) by loss are more than filled by what Ive
19、found. I now have the chance (29) _ (see) them as the whole world does but also like no one else ever will. As adults I happened to help create. The rooms (30) _ the boys used to live look vacant. I feel sadness but also joy. I knew they would leave, but they will find their way back. My home is emp
20、ty. But overflowing. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. Address B. fascination C. governed D. imposing E. offensive F. originally G. overlooking H. rebellion I. reminder
21、J. randomly K. swept Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a fortress (堡垒）, but fortresses are not designed with the comfort of king or queen in mind. When it comes to structures that are both(31) _ and well-fortified
22、the classic European castle is the pinnacle (小尖顶）of design. Across the ages castles changed, developed，and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the (32) _ of our culture. Castles were (33) _ built in England by Norman invaders in 1066. As William the Conqueror (34) _ through England, h
23、e fortified key positions to secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allowed the Norman lords to retreat to safety when threatened by English (35) _. Castles also served as bases of operation for offensive attacks. Troops were summoned to, organized around, and deployed from castles. In t
24、his way castles served both (36) _ and defensive roles in military operations. Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from Which the lord would administer control over his fiefdom(领地). That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were soci
25、ally beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they (37) _ and paid tribute to the lord. They would (38) _ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval England. Castles also served as symbols of
26、power. Built on prominent sites (39) _ the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of many peasants lives and served as a daily (40) _ of the lords strength. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions： For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phras
27、es marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Humans hate markedly to give workers more than they deserve；and indeed many will settle for less to compensate work equitably. But is this impulse (41) _ ? Perhaps not, says psychological scientist Marie
28、Schafer in Germany. According to Schafer, nobody has ever looked at how young children from different (42) _ think about merit when sharing rewards. There is reason to suspect that meritocracy may be more of a Western concept and value, so she and several colleagues decided to put this to the test,
29、studying the (43) _ of children, four to 11 years old, in three different cultures. The idea was to test how much the children valued merit. So each child was given a number of sweets equal to the total number of fish in the catch, and was told to distribute the sweets any way he or she wantedwithou
30、t adults in the room to influence them. If they valued merit, children should (44) _ the sweets according to shares of the catch. That is, if they had landed the same number of fish, they would choose to reward each one (45 ) _, but if one fared much better at fishing, rewards would also be dispropo
31、rtionate. In the case where they were simply given the fish, rewards should be unrelated to catch sizesince no effort was involved. (46) _matters. Thats the main finding among many from the study , as described in a forthcoming issue of the journal Psychological Science. The German children distribu
32、ted the spoils of the day precisely in proportion to (47) _, even when this meant a very unbalanced distribution of rewards. By contrast, children from the two rural African forager(狩猎) societies barely took merit into consideration at all. These findings suggest that the basic notion of merit and d
33、istributive justice is far from universal in our species, and that (48) _ is culturally defined. But why? The scientists offer some (49) _ on this. It could be that in large-scale societies like Germany, a meritocracy is (50) _ for regulating transactions between people who dont know each other and
34、may not interact again. The focus is on equitable interactions, because things wont be “evened out” in the future. In small scale societies, (51) _，most exchanges take place between people who are (52) _ with one another. It may be more important in such societies to build long-term relationships ba
35、sed on equityrather than to insist on equity in a single transaction. In egalitarian forager societies, such as the Haillom, (53) _ is an important leveling mechanism, (54) _ asymmetries in wealth and increasing harmony. Children may internalize these social values early on, and apply them even when
36、 the fishing trip is (55) _. 41. A. unblocked B. universal C. unconscious D. unique 42. A. cultures B. cases C. companies D. aspects 43. A. mood B. behavior C. emotion D. habit 44. A. collect B. load C. stress D. distribute 45. A. really B. deliberately C. equally D. happily 46. A. Scene B. Object C
37、. Culture D. Trend 47. A. productivity B. benefit C. interest D. survey 48. A. tiredness B. business C. thickness D. fairness 49. A. feelings B. thoughts C. lives D. emotions 50. A. useful B. major C. small D. important 51. A. in a word B. in addition C. by contrast D. whats more 52. A. familiar B.
38、delighted C. satisfied D. same 53. A. cooperating B. smiling C. equaling D. sharing 54. A. forcing B. judging C. balancing D. experiencing 55. A. creative B. imaginary C. innovative D. logic Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unf
39、inished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) We Have a Painter to Thank for Yellowstone Before artist Thomas Moran set foot in the park, it was seen as unhappy
40、 place. After, it was marketed as a wonderland. Before Thomas Moran arrived, Yellowstone in the popular imagination was a harsh, wild place pocked with hellish geysers. After the painters work was finished, Yellowstone was established as a national park and marketed as a wonderland. In 1871 Moran an
41、d photographer William Henry Jackson had joined the first U. S. government survey of the region. For two weeks Moran filled a sketchbook with the landscapes most stunning sights. The survey results, Jacksons photos, and Morans watercolorsthe first color renderings of the areawere presented to Congre
42、ss that fall. “The photographs were proof that what the artist was showing really existed,” says Eleanor Harvey, senior curator at the Smithsonian American Art Museum. In March 1872 lawmakers officially made Yellowstone a national park, the worlds first. By April, Moran had transformed some of his s
43、ketches into a 7-by-l2-foot painting. The gold- splattered valley and billowing Lower Falls of “The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone” attracted the public. “It is too grand and wonderful for words,” declared the Ladies Repository that August, “and none can ever judge of its wonders from any engraving
44、 or photograph in mere black and white. Though Moran later painted Lake Superior, the Grand Canyon, and the Rockies, his reputation was so intertwined with Yellowstone that he took to signing his paintings “TYM,” for Thomas “Yellowstone” Moran. 56. What can we know about Yellowstone according to the
45、 passage? A. It was a popular park with geysers before Thomas Moran finished transformation. B. It was an imagination of a harsh and wild place. C. It became a national park with the efforts of Moran and Jackson. D. It is an attractive grand valley. 57. What does the pocked mean in the first sentenc
46、e (paragraph 2)? A. Packed. B. Dotted. C. Blocked. D. Stuck. 58. What are the characteristics of Thomas Morans paintings about Yellowstone Park? A. Paying attention to color rendering of paintings. B. His magnificent and wonderful paintings. C. His reputation closely linked to Yellowstone Park. D. H
47、is paintings with nothing special. 59. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. The Significance of Thomas Morans paintings to Yellowstone Park. B. How Yellowstone Park is established as a National Park. C. The Great PainterThomas Moran. D. The process of Yellowstone Park being labelled as a fair
48、yland. (B) Why UPS Trucks, (Almost) Never Turn Left By favoring right-hand turns at all timesunless a left is unavoidablethe carrier saves millions of gallons of fuel each year, and avoids emissions equivalent to over 20,000 passenger cars. The practice started decades ago, before computers and GPS,
49、 and is now managed by a software that conjures the most efficient route for each truck. Whats wrong with turning left? Left-hand turns are generally considered unsafe and wasteful on right-hand driving roads , such as those in the U. S. “Left-turning traffic typically has to turn against a flow of
50、oncoming vehicles,” explains Tom Vanderbilt, author of the book Traffic: Why We drive the way we do.” “This can not only be dangerous, but makes traffic build up, unless you install a dedicated left-turn phase, which is fine but basically adds 30 or 45 seconds to everyone elses single time,” he said