1、必修第一册必修第一册 Unit4 Natural disasters 真题模拟练真题模拟练 （时间：100分钟 分值：120分） 第一部分：阅读理解第一部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分共两节，满分50分分) 第一节第一节(共共15小题；每小题小题；每小题2.5分，满分分，满分37.5分分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The United States has more tornadoes (龙卷风) than any other country in the world.In a normal year there are 800 or 1,000 to
2、rnadoes.Most happen in the middle part of the country.Tornadoes form when warm and cool air meet.In the Midwest，the warm air from the Gulf of Mexico often meets the cold air from Canada. The usual tornado season is March through May.Tornadoes form most often in the afternoon and early evening.There
3、is often no warning of a tornado.People who live in the Midwest know the signs of tornado activity.The sky becomes dark，often a greenish color.Dark clouds appear in the sky and there is often a large hail (冰雹)Suddenly，there is a loud sound，like a train or a jet plane.Sometimes，two，three，five，ten or
4、more tornadoes can form over a large area. This type of tornado activity hit Oklahoma and Kansas in May 1999.The day was stormy，with heavy thunderstorms in the afternoon.As the storms continued，tornadoes began to form.Dozens of tornadoes hit towns and neighborhoods in Oklahoma，then in Kansas.Some st
5、ayed on the ground for several hours，destroying everything they touched.The tornadoes killed 43 people and injured 600 others.They destroyed thousands of homes and businesses.In some areas，not one home stood.In other areas，the tornadoes destroyed every home on the left side of the street，but didnt t
6、ouch any homes on the right side.The tornadoes lifted people and cars into the air and then threw them back down to earth.So it is important to know where to hide and how to protect yourself in the face of a tornado. 21What can we learn about tornadoes in America？ AThey may appear in groups. BThey u
7、sually happen in the summer. CThere are more tornadoes in the Eastern States. DThere are more than 1,000 tornadoes every year. 22The tornadoes that hit Oklahoma and Kansas in May 1999 Atook place at the same time Bwere the biggest in history Ccame and went quickly Dbrought death and destruction 23Wh
8、at will the author most probably talk about next？ ATornado dangers and warning signs. BHow to stay safe during a tornado. CDifferent kinds of tornadoes. DHow a tornado forms. 答案：21-23：ADB 解析：文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就发生在美国的龙卷风进行了简单的介绍。 21.A.细节理解题。由第二段中的最后一句“Sometimes, two, three, five, ten or more tornadoe
9、s can form over a large area.”可知，这些龙卷风有可能会成群出现。故选A项。 22.D.解析：细节理解题。由末段中的“destroying everything.600 others”可知，D项正确。 23.B.解析：推理判断题。由末段中最后的“So it is important to know where to hide and how to protect yourself in the face of a tornado.”可知，作者接下来很可能谈论在龙卷风来临时如何保护自己，故选B项。 B Americans are worried about new t
10、echnology. They are concerned that machines, including robots, will take over work now done by humans.These findings come from a new report by the Pew Research Center of Washington DC. About 75 percent of Americans questioned by Pew said automation will increase income inequality between the rich an
11、d the middle class and the poor. And 64 percent of people expect automation to be so common in America that people will face difficulty finding things to do with their lives. Some of the concerns about technology come from a distrust about whether machines will always make the right decision. Many A
12、mericans believe humans have better judgment in dealing with complex matters. One example is selecting a person for a job. Three quarters of Americans said they would not want to apply for a job that uses a computer program to choose the most qualified person. Most Americans want the government to l
13、imit automation. For example, 87 percent support a requirement that all driverless vehicles have a human in the drivers seat who can take control when needed. And 85 percent want to limit machines to mostly doing jobs that are dangerous or unhealthy for humans. And only 25 percent expect more jobs t
14、o come from automation, Pew said. Mark Zuckerberg, the cofounder of Facebook, spoke last May to graduating seniors from Harvard University in Massachusetts. His talk centered on the uncertain future facing young people, “Our generation will have to deal with tens of millions of jobs replaced by auto
15、mation like selfdriving cars and trucks，”Zuckerberg told the graduates. Zuckerberg said young people will have to find projects that will bring both jobs and direct benefits to the people of the world. He said in his speech that 300, 000 people worked to put a man on the moon, and millions of people
16、 built the Hoover Dam as well as other great projects over the last 100 years. 24What do Americans think of technology? AUseful. BEffective. CDangerous. DUndependable. 25What did Zuckerberg encourage the students to do? ARefuse selfdriving vehicles. BCreate new job chances. CConsider large projects.
17、 DFight against robots. 26Which of the following can be the best title for the text? ANew Technology Creates More Jobs BNew Technology Makes New Unfairness CAmericans Worry Robots Will Take Jobs DRobots Make Work Easy to Do for Workers 答案：24-26：DBC 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。美国人担心随着科技发展机器人会抢走工作岗位，增加富人、中产阶级和穷人之
18、间的收入差距，主张政府限制自动化。 24.D. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Americans are worried about new technology.”，第二段中的“About 75 percent of Americans questioned.the middle class and the poor.”，第三段中的“Some of the concerns.make the right decision.”及第四段中的“Most Americans want the government to limit automation.”等信息可知美国人对科技的态度，即他们担心新技术
19、带来的变化，认为自动化将加大富人、中产阶级和穷人之间的收入差距，主张限制自动化。由以上观点可以看出美国人认为科技是不可信赖的。故选D。C 25. B 推理判断题。根据最后两段的内容尤其是最后一段中的“young people will have to find projects that will bring both jobs and.”可知，Zuckerberg认为年轻人必须面对许多工作自动化的现实，并鼓励学生寻找一些能带来工作机会的项目。故选B。 26. C 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的 “Americans are worried about new technology.will ta
20、ke over work now done by humans.”和下面各段中心句可知，美国人担心随着科技发展机器人会抢走人类的工作岗位，增加富人、中产阶级和穷人之间的收入差距。Americans Worry Robots Will Take Jobs概括了全文内容，适合作为文章标题。故选C。 C California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor. Th
21、e number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra h
22、igh country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent. Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing devel
23、opment pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources. But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues doc
24、umented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development. The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how m
25、uch water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪). Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures
26、, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season. 27.What is the second paragraph mainly about? A.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California. B.The increasing variety of California big trees. C.The di
27、stribution of big trees in California forests. D.The influence of farming on big trees in California. 28.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees? A.Ecological studies of forests. B.Banning woodcutting. C.Limiting housing development. D.Fire control measures. 29.What i
28、s a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre? A.Inadequate snowmelt. B.A longer dry season. C.A warmer climate. D.Dampness of the air. 30.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Californias Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone? B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in Cal
29、ifornia Soon C.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests? D.Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California 答案：27-30 ADCA 解析： 27.A 主旨大意题。第二段中通过列举一系列数字表明，加利福尼亚州的大树减少的严重性，故A项正确。 28.D 推理判断题。文章第三段提到了造成加利福尼亚州的大树 减少的三个因素：woodcutters, housing development 与 aggressive wildfire control。前两个因素直
30、接与大树的减少有关，如果能控制 住，大树就不会减少；而第三个因素控制野火的措施使得加 利福尼亚州的森林里满是跟大树争夺资源的小树，初衷是为了控制野火，这是好的，实则对大树不利，故D项正确（好心办坏事）。 29.C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的.the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures. 可知，水不足的主要原因就是气温升高（rising temperatures),即 更加温暖的气候，故C正确。 30.A标题归纳题。本文是一篇调查报告，第一段就点出主题： Cali
31、fornia has lost half its big trees since the 1930s。 后面具体分析 了加利福尼亚州大树的现状、造成大树减少的原因等，A项作为 标题最合适。 第二节第二节(共共5小题；每小题小题；每小题2.5分，满分分，满分12.5分分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Earthquake can strike without warning. But many injuries and deaths from this kind of natural disaster can be prevented i
32、f people follow these safety tips. If youre inside a building, stay there! One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building. _ Drop to the ground. Get under something that is not easily damaged. Hold on to it until the shaking stops. You can also get to a comer f
33、ormed by two walls with your arms over your head. If youre in bed when the earthquake hits, stay there and protect your head with a pillow. _ Dont take shelter under trees, street lights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop as quickly as possible and stay away from overpasses
34、(立交桥), buildings, bridges or anything else that might fall or collapse beneath you. _ If you are trapped in ruins, cover your mouth with a handkerchief or a piece of cloth. Use your cellphone to call for help if possible. Dont shout. _ Tap on a pipe or the wall so rescuers can find you. Be prepared
35、for after shocks. _ However, sometimes they even happen months later. Therefore, if you are not in a safe place after the first shock, you should move quickly but carefully to a safer place. A.Dont move about or kick up dust. B.If youre outside, go to an open space. C.Shouting can cause you to breat
36、he in dust. D.Dont park your car under a tree or any tall object. E.Take a good hold of your cellphone in the building. F.They can happen in the first hours after the earthquake. G.Most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. 答案：- GBDCF 解析：根据空前的两句可知,发生地震时最危险的事情之一是试图从建筑物里逃出来,因此此空应
37、介绍这样做的后果,即容易受伤.故选G. 根据空后的under trees, street lights, electric poles or tall buildings 可知这里说的是室外的情况,因此设空处的内容应该是:要是在室外,去一个宽阔的地方.故选B. 前面谈论的是驾驶时发生地震需要如何做,此空承接上句,应该说明不要把车停在树下或高大的物体下面.故选D. 本段主要谈论的是如果被困在废墟中该如何做.根据空前的Dont shout. 可知后一句应该是解释大声喊会带来什么后果,故选C. 根据空后的However, sometimes they even happen months later
38、. 可知前面要说的是余震可能会在地震后几小时内发生,故选F. 第二部分第二部分 语言知识运用语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共第一节（共15小题；每小题小题；每小题1分，满分分，满分15分）分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The whole school was talking about the coming trip at a winter camp. And everyone was 1 , except me. “Ill hate it,” I told my parents. “Ill get homes
39、ick （想家的）. Ill look stupid at winter sports, and everyone will 2 me.” “You might be surprised, Bree,” said Mom. “The only way to find out is to 3 .” “Its what growing up is all about,” Dad added. When 4 the camp, we were asked to share one 5 . “Im afraid Ill be homesick,” someone said. I wasnt the o
40、nly one! I began to 6 . After lunch, we were asked to ski （滑雪）down to the field. I skied 7 ,but I still hit a piece of ice and 8 . “Ha! Ha!” Behind me, somebody started laughing. I 9 to see who was making fun of me. To my10 , I saw a girl in the same awkward （尴尬的） position I was in. “I thought Id be
41、 bad at this,11 Im worse than I expected!” she said. 12 , I started laughing too. After being so13 of falling, it was a comfort not to fear it anymore. At dinnertime, I was so happy to be talking about interesting things that I14 to feel homesick. The next day, I was15 to try ski jumping first, even
42、 though I didnt want to. But when my feet left the ground, I felt I was16 and it was wonderful. Maybe Dad was right when he said “You might17 it if you give it a chance!” Maybe the kind of18 Mom and Dad were talking about had more to do with my outlook （态度）than my looks. We all19 fitting in and fail
43、ing when we try20 things. Sometimes youre got to fall on your face to discover how much youve got in common. 1. A. strange B. sad C. nervous D. excited 2. A. speak to B. wait for C. laugh at D. talk about 3. A. try B. dream C. change D. move 4. A. searching for B. returning to C. making up D. arrivi
44、ng at 5. A. story B. fear C. purpose D. fact 6. A. eat B. ask C. relax D. sleep 7. A. carefully B. interestingly C. finally D. quickly 8. A. went out B. gave up C. ran away D. fell down 9. A. walked around B. stood up C. looked back D. stepped over 10. A. shame B. surprise C. pleasure D. regret 11.
45、A. but B. so C. because D. or 12. A. Quietly B. Hopefully C. Unhappily D. Suddenly 13. A. tired B. proud C. certain D. afraid 14. A. failed B. refused C forgot D. stopped 15. A. prepared B. chosen C. protected D. allowed 16. A. flying B. crying C. learning D. dying 17. A. prevent B. trust C. discove
46、r D. enjoy 18. A. winning back B. showing off C. growing up D. working out 19. A. catch up B. worry about C. believe in D. point out 20. A. new B. easy C. right D. popular 【文章大意】在成长过程中我们或许会害怕尝试新事物，或许会害怕失败，然而，这些都是成长的必经阶段。在此过程中，我们需要以积极向上的态度来面对这一切。 1. D 根据该空后的except me和Ill hate it可知，作者不想去冬令营，然而其他人都很“兴奋
47、（excited）”。故选D。 2. C 根据前半句 Ill look stupid at winter sports 可知，由于不擅长冬季运动项目，作者害怕别人会“笑话（laugh at）”她。故选C。 3. A 作者的妈妈鼓励作者自己去“尝试（try）”。故选A。 4. D 根据文章首句中的 the coming trip at a winter camp 可知，此处指“到达（arriving at）”营地。故选D。 5. B 根据下一句中的Im afraid Ill be homesick可知，大家分享一件“害怕的事（fear）”。故选B。 6. C 作者一开始担心自己会想家，担心会被别
48、人笑话，因此听到别人说想家时，她开始“放心（relax）”了。故选C。 7. A 根据上文中的 Ill look stupid at winter sports 可知，由于作者不擅长冬季体育运动，因此她“小心翼翼地（carefully）”滑雪。故选 A。 8. D 根据该空前的I still hit a piece of ice可知，作者撞到一块冰上，“摔倒了（fell down）”。故选D。 9. C 根据上一句 Behind me, somebody started laughing 可知，有人在作者身后发出笑声，因此作者“朝身后看去（looked back）”，想知道究竟是谁在笑。故选C
49、。 10. B 根据该空后的 I saw a girl in the same awkward position I was in可知，作者原本以为有人在笑她，然而令她“诧异（surprise）”的是，有一个女孩也摔倒了。故选B。 11. A I thought Id be bad at this 与 Im worse than I expected之间为转折关系，故选A。 12. D 女孩所说的话让作者也“突然（Suddenly）”笑了起来。故选D。 13. D 根据上文的描述可知，作者一直“害怕（afraid）”摔倒。故选D。 14. C 根据该空前的 happy to be talkin
50、g about interesting things可知，作者在晚饭时和别人聊得很开心，以至于“忘了（forgot）”想家。故选 C。 15. B 根据后半句 even though I didnt want to 可知，作者在第二天被“选中（chosen）”第一个尝试跳台滑雪。故选 B。 16. A 根据该空前的my feet left the ground和该空后的it was wonderful可知，作者感觉自己在“飞翔（flying）”。故选A。 17. D 作者在此体会到跳台滑雪给她带来的乐趣，因此，她认同爸爸说的“你尝试后或许会“喜欢（enjoy）”上它的”。故选D。 18. C