1、专题专题 09 语法填空之说明文语法填空之说明文 （2020 届河南省郑州市第三次质量预测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填人 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinatown in San Francisco is 41(big)in America,and also the oldest.It is a very popular tourist draw that receives more visitors each year than even the Golden Gate Bridge.The climate is mild all year round,meanin
2、g it is always a good time to visit. Historically,Chinese immigrants settled in the area during the railroad construction and gold rush period.What started 42 a residential(居住的）area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.Most of the residents in Chinatown 43(be)still Ch
3、inese,many of whom do not speak English fluently.This allows visitors to experience a real taste of China. Most of Chinatown 44 (destroy)in the 1906 earthquake,but the city and residents rebuilt it,taking care to include lots of Chinese architecture. 45（traditional),visitors enter Chinatown through
4、the legendary Dragon Gate,which was built using materials donated from China.Visitors can also spend hours just 46(explore)the interesting sights,smells and sounds of China.Portsmouth Square,the centre of Chinatown,is also a key site,which has a long and famous history.These days,the square is a gre
5、at place to see traditional Chinese culture in real life,such as games of Chinese chess and people practising tai chi. The 47(store)in Chinatown offer a unique range of souvenirs,goods and clothing.All kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be found,too,and there are Chinese tea shops, 48
6、visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea.But perhaps 49 many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food.There is Chinese food to suit everyones taste with traditional dishes from all over China. Chinatowns are an important part of the diverse culture of the USA
7、 They allow visitors who have never been to China 50 (experience)traditional Chinese culture first-hand. 【答案】 41the biggest 42as 43are 44was destroyed 45Traditionally 46exploring 47stores 48where 49what 50to experience 【解析】本文为说明文。本文介绍了旧金山的唐人街。 41考查形容词最高级。句意：旧金山的唐人街是美国最大的，也是最古老的。分析句子成分和根据句意可知，此处与后文 a
8、nd also the oldest并列，用最高级形式。故填 the biggest。 42考查介词。句意：这里最初是中国移民的居住区，后来变成了中国文化的中心。根据句意可知，此处应填介词，作作为之意，故填 as。 43考查动词时态。根据语境可知，本句用一般现在时，主语为 most of the residents 为复数，故填are。 44考查被动语态。根据时间状语 in the 1906 earthquake可知，该句用一般过去时，另主语为 most of Chinatown 为单数，与所给动词之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时被动语态，故填 was destroyed。 45考查副词。句意
9、：传统上，游客通过传说中的龙门进入唐人街，这是用中国捐赠的材料建造的。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语，修饰句子。故填 Traditionally。 46考查动词搭配。游客们也可以花上几个小时去探索中国有趣的风景、气味和声音。本句考查spend +一段时间 + doing sth结构，意为花时间做某事。故填 exploring。 47考查名词复数。句意：唐人街的商店提供各种独特的纪念品、商品和服装。根据句意可知，此处做主语，根据谓语动词 offer 可知，应用名词复数，故填 stores。 48考查定语从句。句意：那里有中国茶叶店，游客可以在那里品尝和购买各种各样的中国茶叶。分析句子结构可
10、知，所给空格后的句子为定语从句，修饰先行词 Chinese tea shops，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填 where。 49考查主语从句。句意：但也许许多游客和旧金山人最珍视的是唐人街的食物。分析句子结构可知，_9_ many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown为主语，且主语从句中缺少宾语成分，故用 what引导，故填 what。 50考查动词不定式。句意：它们让从未到过中国的游客亲身体验中国传统文化。分析句子结构可知，本句使用 allow sb. to do sth.，意为允许某人做某事，故该句中应用
11、不定式作宾语补足语，故填to experience。 （2020 届湖南省怀化市高三第二次模拟） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词威括号内单词的正确形式。 Its nice to go out 41a meal at a restaurant. But what makes it extra special apart from the food is to receive attentive service from the staff. Seeing a service charge 42(add) in your bill can leave a bad taste in y
12、our mouth. You 43 (face) with the dilemma of deciding to pay it, and whether you should add a tip on top. Putting your hand in your pocket to reward good service is a 44 (person) choice, but it also depends on where you are in the world. What is the norm in one city is not 45 (necessary) the norm in
13、 another. In some 46 (place) a tip is expected; but in 47, good service should be expected and ought to be included in the price. In the UK, people tending to be too polite 48(complain), the service charge might be paid despite the quiet complaint 49 the service they received was not up to the stand
14、ard! In the US, however everybody 50 (offer) 20% more as a tip. Maybe we should fallow Japans approach, tipping under any circumstance may seem rude because good service is standard and expected. 【答案】 41for 42added 43are faced 44personal 45necessarily 46places 47others 48to complain 49that 50offers
15、【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了出去吃饭时是否该付小费这一问题，它取决于你在哪个地方，一些国家需要付小费，有些国家则不需要付小费。 41考查介词。句意：到外面的餐馆吃饭真是太好了。此处用 for表示目的，go out for a meal/walk 表示出去吃饭/散步，故填 for。 42考查非谓语动词。句意：看到你的帐单上加了服务费会给你留下不好的印象。分析句子结构可知此处使用非谓语动词， a service charge 与 add之间是逻辑上的动宾关系， 表示被动， 用过去分词作后置定语，故填 added。 43考查时态及语态。句意：你会面临一个两难的问题是否要付钱以及是否还要再加上
16、小费。be faced with表示面临，文章的基础时态为一般现在时，主语为 You，故填 are faced。 44考查形容词。句意：掏钱奖励好的服务是一个个人的选择，但它也取决于你在哪个地方。修饰名词 choice 用形容词，故填 personal。 45考查副词。句意：一个城市的标准不一定也适用于另一个城市。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少副词作状语，表示必定地，故填 necessarily。 46考查名词复数。句意：在一些地方给小费是应该的；但在另一些地方，优质服务是应该的，而且应该包含在价格里面。some 修饰可数名词复数，故填 places。 47考查代词。句意：在一些地方给小费是应该的
17、；但在另一些地方，优质服务是应该的，而且应该包含在价格里面。根据空前的some可知，此处用 others 与之构成 some.others.的搭配，表示一些，另一些，故填 others。 48考查非谓语动词。句意：在英国，人们往往会表现得很绅士而不去抱怨，他们可能会暗自抱怨服务没有达到标准，但还是会付服务费！be too+adj. +to do sth.表示太而不能做某事，故填 to complain。 49考查同位语从句。句意：在英国，人们往往会表现得很绅士而不去抱怨，他们可能会暗自抱怨服务没有达到标准，但还是会付服务费！分析句子结构可知，此处为同位语从句，说明 complaint的具体内容
18、，从句成分完整，应使用仅起连接作用、无实义的 that引导，故填 that。 50考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但在美国，每个人都会多给 20%的小费。陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为 everybody，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填 offers。 （2020 届江西省赣州市高三二模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has ambitious plans to reduce single-use plastics by 2025. Chinas National Development and Reform Commission i
19、s taking a number of measures 41 (design) to cut the production and use of plastics over the next five years. At the end of 2020,non- Biodegradable (非生物降解的) plastic bags 42 (ban) in supermarkets and malls in major cities. The ban will also apply 43 food delivery services, which use vast amounts of t
20、he plastics. Food delivery and takeaway services will stop 44 (use)single-use plastic straws and cutlery (餐具) nationwide. China will encourage 45 use of alternative materials such as non-plastic products and biodegradable shopping bags. Single-use plastics are one of the worlds 46 (big) sources of p
21、lastic pollution. They 47 (become) a part of daily life and a part of our throwaway culture for decades. China set a goal of reducing overconsumption in order to get rid of our reliance on single-use plastics. Previous regulations on plastic use, in 2008, cut production of 48 (rough) 67 billion plas
22、tic bags. The United Nations said its urgent that all countries adopt 49 (policy) similar to those China is introducing. It said the world cannot cope with the amount of plastic waste we produce. 50 we must rethink is the way we manufacture, use and manage plastics. 【答案】 41designed 42will be banned
23、43to 44using 45the 46biggest 47have become 48roughly 49policies 50What 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了中国国家发展和改革委员会正在采取一系列措施，旨在在未来五年内减少塑料的生产和使用。到 2020 年底，主要城市的超市和商场将禁止使用不可降解的塑料袋。该禁令也将适用于使用大量塑料的食品配送服务。这一举措也得到了联合国的认可。 41考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，可知 design在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且与逻辑主语 measures构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填 designed。 42考查动词时态和语态。根据上
24、文 At the end of 2020可知应用一般将来时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填 will be banned。 43考查介词。句意：该禁令也将适用于使用大量塑料的食品配送服务。结合句意表示适用于，短语为 apply to。故填 to。 44 考查非谓语动词。 句意： 在全国范围内， 食品外卖服务将停止使用一次性塑料吸管和餐具。 表示停止（正在做的）某事应用 stop doing sth.。故填 using。 45考查冠词。句意：中国将鼓励使用非塑料产品和可降解购物袋等替代材料。use为名词，此处表示特指替代材料的使用，应用定冠词 the。故填 the。
25、 46考查最高级。句意：一次性塑料是世界上最大的塑料污染源之一。结合句意表示世界上最大的，应用形容词最高级。故填 biggest。 47考查动词时态。根据后文 for decades 可知应用现在完成时，且主语为 they，故助动词用 have。故填 have become。 48考查副词。句意：2008 年出台的有关塑料使用的规定，减少了大约 670亿个塑料袋的生产。此处修饰后文 67 billion，应用副词 roughly，表示大约。故填 roughly。 49考查名词的数。句意：联合国表示，当务之急是所有国家都采取类似中国的政策。policy为可数名词，前面没有冠词，故应用复数形式。故
26、填 policies。 50考查连接词。句意：我们必须重新思考的是我们制造、使用和管理塑料的方式。此处为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代必须重新思考的事情，应用 what 引导，句首字母要大写。故填 What。 （2020 届江西省南昌市高三二模） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Eggs are great for breakfast and can41(cook) in different ways. One topic of debate, however, is why brown chicken eggs usually cost more tha
27、n white ones. According to Sharman Hickman, the director of community outreach and education for Hickmans Family Farms, its first important to know the reason42chickens have various egg colors. The chicken breed(品种) and their genetics decide whether hens possess pigment genes, the natural chemical d
28、uring the egg laying process that coats the egg and results43a colored shell. Hens who produce colored eggshells tend to be44(large) and require more feed and energy45(create) that painted layer. Since those breeds cost more to feed, their eggs46(be) more expensive. Although eggs sometimes look and
29、are priced47(different) , its important to know the color of the eggshell is related to the breed of the hen, not the eggs nutrient content, flavor profile,48shell thickness, according to Malina Linkas Malkani, media spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 49 (choose) between brown
30、and white eggs is a matter of personal50 (prefer) , she says. Whatever you prefer, dont judge an egg by its shell color. 【答案】 41be cooked 42why 43in 44larger 45to create 46are 47differently 48or 49Choosing 50preference 【解析】这是一篇说明文。鸡蛋是很好的早餐，可以用不同的方法烹饪。然而，引起争论的一个话题是为什么棕色鸡蛋通常比白色鸡蛋更贵。文章解释了鸡为什么会有各种颜色的蛋的原
31、因。有人指出尽管鸡蛋有时看起来和价格不同，但蛋壳的颜色与母鸡的品种有关，不管你喜欢什么，不要根据蛋壳的颜色来判断一个鸡蛋。 41考查动词语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且 can 后跟动词原形。故填 be cooked。 42考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 reason，且先行词在从句中做原因状语，用关系副词why。故填 why。 43考查介词。根据短语 result in 表示导致。故填 in。 44考查比较级。句意：生产彩色蛋壳的母鸡往往体型更大，需要更多的饲料和能量来制造彩色蛋壳。结合句意可知表示更大应用形容词比较级形式 larger。故填 larger。 45 考查非谓
32、语动词。 分析句子结构可知 create 在句中应用非谓语动词形式， 且此处表目的应用不定式。故填 to create。 46考查动词时态语态。句意：由于这些品种的饲料成本更高，它们的蛋也更贵。根据上文 Since those breeds cost more to feed可知为一般现在时，主语为 eggs，故谓语动词用复数形式。故填 are。 47 考查副词。 此处修饰上文动词 price给定价应用副词 differently， 表示不同地。 故填 differently。 48考查连词。句意：营养与饮食学院的媒体发言人 Malina Linkas Malkani表示，虽然鸡蛋的外观和价格
33、有时会有所不同，但要知道蛋壳的颜色与母鸡的品种有关，而不是鸡蛋的营养成分、风味成分或蛋壳的厚度。结合上下文语境可知此处表示选择应用连词 or，表示或者。故填 or。 49考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知本句中缺少主语，故应用动名词短语 Choosing between brown and white eggs 作主语。句首字母要大写。故填 Choosing。 50 考查名词。 上文 personal 为形容词修饰名词， 故应填名词 preference， 表示喜好。 故填 preference。 （2020 届辽宁省大连市高三第二次模拟） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括
34、号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese net users have found a new way to battle desertification by playing virtual (虚拟的) planting games. Ant Forest, 41 is under Ant Financial of the Alibaba Group, told the Global Times that they had planted over 50 million trees covering about 507 square kilometers across China from 20
35、16 to 2019. Ant Forest is the first such game in China. In the Ant Forest plan, any activity 42(consider) low carbon, including walking, taking public transport and online payments, will be converted into virtual green energy. The energy will be used to grow a virtual tree in the forest of the 43(us
36、er). They exchange 44for a real tree by paying the corresponding energy. Ant Forest will plant the real trees in spring and autumn each year 45the help of local authorities in the desert areas. This way of planting trees46 (recognize) on October 23, 2018 by the National Afforestation Committee as47m
37、eans for citizens to fulfill their obligation of planting trees. The Chinese government attaches great48 (important)to the protection of ecosystems. China aims 49(increase)the forest cover to 23 percent by 2020, and to 26 percent by 2035. A new study using data from NASA satellite shows that the Ear
38、th becomes50(green) as a result of ambitious tree-planting programs in China. 【答案】 41which 42considered 43users 44it 45with 46was recognized 47a 48importance 49to increase 50greener 【解析】 本文为说明文。 阿里巴巴集团蚂蚁金服通过开发蚂蚁森林虚拟种植游戏提供给中国网民，从而找到了一种对抗荒漠化的新方法，并且取得了成效。 41考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为 Ant Forest，在非限制性定语从句中充当主
39、语，指物，that 不能引导非限制性定语从句，故用 which。 42考查非谓语动词。句意：在蚂蚁森林计划中，任何被认为是低碳的活动，包括步行、乘坐公共交通和在线支付，都将转化为虚拟的绿色能源。分析句子成分可知，该句中主语为 any activity其后所填词汇与主语之间有被动关系，作后置定语，故填 considered。 43 考查名词复数。 句意： 这些能量将被用来在用户的森林中生长一棵虚拟树。 根据其前的定冠词 the可知，此处用名词，根据句意用户，可知用复数，故填 users。 44考查代词。句意：他们通过支付相应的能量，将虚拟树转换为真实树。根据句意可知，此处替代前一句 a virt
40、ual tree，为特指，故填 it。 45考查介词搭配。句意：在每年春秋两季，蚂蚁森林在沙漠地区当地政府的帮助下，种植真正的树木。该句中使用 with the help of 为固定搭配，意为在的帮助下，故填 with。 46考查被动语态。分析句子成分可知，该句中 This way of planting trees为主语，是单数，其与所给词汇为被动关系， 用被动语态。 根据时间状语 on October 23, 2018， 可知用一般过去时态， 故填 was recognized。 47考查不定冠词。句意：2018 年 10 月 23 日，国家造林绿化委员会将这种植树方式作为公民履行植树义
41、务的一种方式。根据句意可知，此处意指一种方式，为泛指，means 的首字母发音是辅音，故填 a。 48考查名词。句意：中国政府高度重视生态系统的保护。该句使用固定短语 attach importance to ，意为重视，认为重要，故填 importance。 49考查不定式。句意：中国的目标是到 2020年森林覆盖率达到 23%，到 2035 年达到 26%。aim to do sth.为固定搭配，意为目标是，旨在故填 to increase。 50考查形容词比较级。句意：一项使用美国宇航局卫星数据的新研究表明，由于中国热心的植树计划，地球变得更加绿了。根据句意可知，植树在中国取得了成效，地
42、球变得更加绿色，暗含比较含义，用比较级，故填 greener。 （2020 届山西省晋中市高三一模） 阅读下面短，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Most of the food we eat today has been processed in some way, from salad mix to frozen dinners Some processed foods have ingredients(成分)added, Some 41 (prepare)for convenience, and some are packaged to last much 42 (
43、long). Even foods labelednaturalor organiccan be processed. If you eat a lot of highly processed foods, you risk 43 (get) too much sodium(钠), added sugars and unhealthy fats. Highly processed foods contribute almost 60%, of calories and 90%6 of added sugars in the American diet according to a resear
44、ch study. So 44 can you do if you want to eat more healthily? While its 45 (wonder)to throw all processed foodunder the bus, the reality 46 (be)that you cant avoid it entirely nor should you! The key is knowing how 47 (recognize) healthier processed foods and make smart 48 （choice) in the grocery st
45、ore and restaurants. Choosing healthier processed foods should start with reading food labels. 49 is the best way to know exactly whats in a processed food. Choose products without a lot of sodium, added sugars, or unhealthy fats. What is more, replace highly processed foods 50 less-processed option
46、s。 【答案】 41are prepared 42longer 43getting 44what 45wonderful 46is 47to recognize 48choices 49It 50with 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了我们今天吃的大多数食物都经过了某种加工，短文介绍了吃经过某种加工的食物给人带来的不良影响，以及想吃的更健康应该怎么办。 41考查语态和时态。分析句子可知，空处缺少谓语，主语 some (processed foods )与谓语 prepare为被动关系，be prepared for 为.做准备，且句子为一般现在时，故填 are prepared。 42
47、考查副词比较级。 much 修饰比较级， 根据句意有些被包装起来是为了使食物的保质期更长，可知，空处填比较级 longer。故填 longer。 43考查动名词。risk doing sth 冒险做某事。为固定短语。故填 getting。 44考查疑问词。do 缺少宾语，what作 do的宾语。且根据句意所以，如果你想吃得更健康，你能做些什么呢。故填 what。 45考查形容词。本句为主系表结构，所以空处填 wonderful。故填 wonderful。 46考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，且本句含有一个表语从句，主语为 the reality，是抽象名词，be 动 词 为
48、 is 。故填 is。 47考查动词不定式。分析句子可知，本句为 疑问词+ to do的用法，在句中作 know的宾语。故填 to recognize。 48考查名词复数。该空作 make 的宾语，用名词。choice为可数名词，前无不定冠词修饰，所以本句用其复数形式，表示多个选择。故填 choices。 49考查形式主语。分析句子可知，本句为 it作形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式。句子第一个单词首字母大写，故填 It。 50考查介词。句意：更重要的是，用较少加工的食物来取代高度加工的食物。replacewith 用取代为固定短语。故填 with。 （2020 届山西省运城市高三调研） 阅读
49、下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Could you be a stunt performer, performing stunts in front of an audience or movie camera? Stunt performers perform aerial acrobatics or dangerous actions for the movies. We enjoy 41 (watch) exciting stunts. But for the stunt performers, performing is the days work.
50、Stunt performers lead a busy and 42 (energy) life. They must be fit and strong. Many start off in martial arts (武术) or gymnastics, where they learn to develop 43 (strong) . Experienced stunt performers learn many extra 44 (skill) such as horse riding, working with explosives, and scuba diving. Stunt