1、专题专题 09 语法填空之说明文语法填空之说明文 1.（2020 届安徽省名校高考模拟） 阅读下面短文,在空白处填人 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With a population of 602 ,000 , Luxembourg is one of the richest and smallest_ 41( country) in Europe ,yet it suffers from major traffic jams. Taking up 2, 586 square kilometers, Luxembourg is roughly the size of Rhode I
2、sland. From the capital of Luxembourg City , Belgium, France and Germany can all42( reach) by car in half an hour. High housing costs， especially in Luxembourg City , mean more than 180 ,000 of its workforce commute( 通勒) from those neighboring nations every day. Luxembourg is a very43( attract) plac
3、e for jobs,44its “booming economy and high concentration of jobs have led to congestion(拥塞) issues. In 2016 , Luxembourg had 662 cars per 1 ,000 people, and 45( drive) is a “primary means of transportation ”for commuters. That year , drivers in Luxembourg City 46(spend) an average of 33 hours in tra
4、ffic. It fared 47 ( bad) than European cities Copenhagen and Helsinki , which have comparable population sizes to all of Luxembourg, yet it only took drivers in both an average of 24 hours in traffic. But that could be about to change.48country at this very moment is in really good shape , thus the
5、government wants the people to benefit 49 the good economy. As of March 1 ,2020 all public transporttrains, trams and buses- -in the country is now free,50( make) it the first free public transport country in the world. The government hopes the move will alleviate heavy congestion and bring environm
6、ental benefits. 【答案】 41countries 42be reached 43attractive 44but 45driving 46spent 47worse 48The 49from 50making 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为缓解日益加剧的交通拥挤问题，卢森堡成为全球首个乘坐公共交通免费的国家。 41考查名词。句意：卢森堡是欧洲最富有和最小的国家之一。因 one of +the+最高级+可数名词复数，中最之一，故填 countries。 42考查被动语态。句意：从卢森堡首都出发，比利时、法国和德国都可以在半小时内驱车到达。主语 Belgium, France
7、 and Germany 和动词 reach 之间是动宾关系，并且 can 之后加动词原形，故填 be reached。 43考查形容词。此处 attract 修饰 place，故变成形容词作定语，故填 attractive。 44考查连词。句意：卢森堡是一个非常吸引人的工作地方，但是它的“经济繁荣”和高度集中的工作导致了拥堵的问题。根据句意可知，前后两句话是转折关系，故填 but。 45考查动名词。句意：对于通勤者来说，开车是主要的交通方式。此句中动名词作主语，故填driving。 46考查一般过去时。句意：那一年，卢森堡市的司机在交通上平均花费 33 小时。根据 that year可知，本
8、句应为一般过去时，且主语 drivers 和 spend 之间为主动关系，故填 spent。 47考查比较级。根据句中 than 可知，此处为比较级，故填 worse。 48考查冠词。分析句子可知，名词 country 表特指，指代 Luxembourg，前面要加定冠词，故填The。 49考查固定搭配。benefit from，从中获益，为固定搭配，故填 from。 50 考查非谓语动词。 分析句子可知， make 在句中作非谓语动词， 主语 all public transporttrains, trams and buses- -in the country与动词make之间是主动关系，
9、所以此处是现在分词making作结果状语，故填 making。 2.（2020 届甘肃省天水市第一中学高三诊断） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Researchers examined the benefits of singing among people with mental health conditions 41 (include) anxiety and depression. They found people who took part in a community singing group improved their ment
10、al health and that the combination of singing and socialising was an important part of 42 (recover). The grassroots action runs weekly singing workshops for the people 43 mental health conditions as well as the general public. It 44 (original) began at a hospital in 2005, 45 afterwards moved into th
11、e community. Around 120 people now attend four free workshops each week across Norfolk, two thirds of 46 have had contact with mental health services. The research project followed the group for six months and 47 (undertake) interviews and focus groups with participants, organisers, and workshop 48
12、(leader). The report shows how singing and socialising gave participants 49 feeling of belonging and wellbeing that often lasted a day or 50 (many), as well as improved social skills and confidence. 【答案】 41including 42recovery 43with 44originally 45but 46whom 47undertook 48leaders 49a 50more 【解析】这是一
13、篇说明文。研究人员调查了患有焦虑和抑郁等精神疾病的人唱歌的好处。他们发现，参加社区歌唱小组的人心理健康状况有所改善。 41考查非谓语动词。本句已经存在谓语且句中没有连词，故 include 只能做非谓语，表示“包括；包含”与 mental health conditions 在 逻 辑 上 是 主 动 关 系。 故填 including。 42考查名词。句意：他们发现，参加社区歌唱小组的人心理健康状况有所改善，歌唱和社交活动的结合是康复的重要组成部分。of 为介词后接名词，此处表示“康复；恢复”需要名词形式。故填 recovery。 43考查介词。根据第一段第一句 among people w
14、ith mental health conditions 可知，表示“有精神健康问题的人”。故填 with。 44考查副词。begin 为动词，需要副词修饰，故填 originally。 45 考查连词。 句意： 它最初是 2005 年在一家医院开始的， 但后来搬到了社区。 根据上下文句意可知，上下句为转折关系，故填 but。 46考查关系代词。句意：目前，诺福克郡每周约有 120 人参加四次免费研讨会，其中三分之二的人曾接触过精神卫生服务。 本句为定语从句修饰先行词 120 people 且先行词做介词 of 的宾语， 指人，故填 whom。 47考查动词时态。句意：该研究项目跟踪该小组 6
15、 个月，并与参与者、组织者和研讨会负责人进行了访谈和焦点小组讨论。本句为与 followed 由 and 连接的并列谓语，故也应用一般过去时，填undertook。 48考查名词的数。leader 为可数名词，且根据上文 participants, organisers 可知应用复数形式，故填 leaders。 49考查冠词。feeling 为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一种感觉”，且 feeling 首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填 a。 50考查形容词比较级。分析句意“持续了一天或更长时间”可知，应用形容词比较级，填 more。 3.（2020 届河北衡水中学高三调研）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入
16、1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There are over 2,000 different kinds of tea in the world. The huge number of teas can 41 (divide) into six types: green tea, black tea, white tea, oolong tea, yellow tea and dark tea. A kind of tea that has 42 (recent) grown in popularity worldwide is green tea. There are severa
17、l reasons why green tea has become popular. One of the reasons is that it has 43 (little) caffeine than black tea and has a nicer flavor. China was the first country 44 (drink) green tea more than 4,000 years ago 45 it still enjoys popularity there today. There are many different kinds of green tea
18、in China. The most famous Chinese tea, 46 (call) Longjing tea, comes from Zhejiang Province. Fujian Province is also famous 47 growing tea. People have believed for 48 long time that green tea has positive effects on our heath. Scientists have studied green teas effetcs on weight loss, cancer, and h
19、eart disease. The 49 (result) of these studies have shown that green tea might treat or prevent these diseases. 50 you believe that it can cure your diseases or not, green tea is popular and continues to be popular in the future. 【答案】 41be divided 42recently 43less 44to drink 45and 46called 47for 48
20、a 49results 50Whether 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些著名的茶的种类，其中包括中国的龙井茶、绿茶等。绿茶也因其较少的咖啡因含量和对一些疾病有治疗效果，也深受人们的喜爱。 41考查被动语态。句意：世界上有 2000 多种茶。这些茶可以被分为六种类型：绿茶、红茶、白茶、乌龙茶、黄茶和黑茶。分析句子可知，the huge number of teas 与 divide 之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此需使用被动语态，且在情态动词后，be 动词要使用原形。故填 be divided。 42考查副词。句意：最近一种在全世界都很流行的茶是绿茶。分析句子可知，应使用副词修饰动词gro
21、wn，故填 recently。 43考查形容词比较级。句意：其中的一个原因是它的咖啡因比红茶少，且味道也更好。分析句子可知，than 是形容词比较级的标志，因此 little 要使用比较级。故填 less。 44考查非谓语动词。句意：中国是四千多年前第一个喝绿茶的国家，今天绿茶的大众化程度依然很高。 the first.to do sth.”，意为“第一个做”，序数词修饰名词用不定式作后置定语，故填 to drink。 45考查连词。句意：中国是四千多年前第一个喝绿茶的国家，今天绿茶的大众化程度依然很高。分析句子可知，前后两个句子之间是并列关系，故填 and。 46 考查非谓语。 句意： 中国
22、最著名的茶是来自浙江省的龙井茶。 分析句子可知， the most famous Chinese tea 与动词 call 之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此需使用过去分词表被动。故填 called。 47 考查介词。 句意： 福建省也是以茶叶种植而闻名。 分析句子可知， 此处为固定词组“be famous for”，意为“以.而闻名”，故填 for。 48考查不定冠词。句意：长期以来，人们一直认为绿茶对我们的健康有着积极的影响。分析句子可知，此处为固定词组“for a long time”，意为“长时间；长期以来”。故填 a。 49考查名词复数。句意：这些研究结果表明，绿茶可以治疗或预防这些疾病。
23、分析句子可知，该句中的谓语及指示代词都使用了复数形式，为保持主谓一致，空处需填其复数形式。故填 results。 50考查固定搭配。句意：不管你是否相信它是否能治愈你的疾病，绿茶都是很受欢迎的，而且将会一直受欢迎。分析句子可知，此处为固定搭配“whetheror not”，意为“无论；是否；是不是”，故填 whether。 4.（2020 届广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Whales have been facing serious danger for a long time. First, due 41 the gr
24、eenhouse effect, glaciers are melting, and some living creatures in the Antarctic and the Arctic 42 (be) on the edge of extinction. With global warming, life in other parts of the ocean has also been seriously affected, whales 43 (include). Secondly, whaling activity is another killer. Historically,
25、 whaling has been popular in some overseas countries, such as England, Japan and Norway. On the one hand, some peoples desire for money cant 44 (meet) easily, and they regard whales as a money-making machine. A kilogram of whale meat can fetch about $100 in Japan. On 45 other hand, advanced technolo
26、gy has increased the efficiency of whaling and 46 (great) reduced the number of whales. Whats more, some countries are still on whaling in the name of science, 47 (seem) curious about this creature. The fact 48 whales are on the edge of extinction is alarming us. Some 49 (organize) have begun workin
27、g hard to save them. The international community has made a strategy against commercial whaling. In my opinion, governments should also make tough laws 50 (protect) whales. 【答案】 41to 42are 43included 44be met 45the 46greatly 47seeming 48that 49organizations/ organisations 50to protect 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章
28、介绍了鲸鱼长期以来面临灭绝的主要原因，以及国际组织对这一问题的重视。 41考查固定搭配。due to 是固定搭配，意为“因为、由于”。故填 to。 42考查主谓一致。本文讲事实，时态以一般现在时为主，some living creatures 是主语，所以谓语该用are。故填 are。 43 考查过去分词。 included 在表示“包括在内”时， 通常放在被修饰的名词之后， 即 sb./sth. included，做名词的后置定语，所以用过去分词 included。故填 included。 44考查语态。分析句子可知，此处缺乏谓语动词，主语 some peoples desire for m
29、oney 与 meet 是被动关系（be done），所以该用被动语态。故填 be met。 45考查固定搭配。on the other hand 是固定搭配，意为“另一方面”。故填 the。 46考查副词。great 要修饰动词 reduced，副词修饰动词，所以用副词形式。故填 greatly。 47考查现在分词。该句已有谓语动词 are，此空前又没有连词，可知此处该填现在分词（doing），动词 seem 和主语 some countries 是主动关系，所以用现在分词做伴随状语。故填 seeming。 48考查同位语从句引导词。that 引导同位语从句，that 在从句不作成分，无实意
30、。故填 that。 49考查名词。此句中缺主语，且主语前有 some 所修饰，应使用可数名词复数形式。故填organizations/organisations。 50 考查动词不定式。 分析句子可知， 此处表目的， 要用动词不定式 （to do） 作目的状语。 故填 to protect。 5.（2020 届河南省焦作市高三三模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 It takes a lot of land and water 41 (grow) animals. People might one day grow meat in
31、 factories instead of having to harvest it from farmed animals. Growing meat in a lab could mean 42 (use) fewer animals and lowering the 43 (environment) costs of raising livestock（牲畜）. So far, no attempts at lab-grown meat 44 (manage) to match the texture（结构，口感）of the animal muscles eaten as meat.
32、One new development does this by using a technique of making cotton candy. It grows meat with more structures. Researchers have already known how to grow cells, 45 are the basis of meat. However, a pile of cells does not have the chewy texture of a chicken breast. Cells without a support 46 (be) mor
33、e like a soup, or at best a meatball . The new process resembles 47 way that cotton candy is made, except that it uses gelatin （明胶） instead of melted sugar. The lab-grown samples all look like the different natural 48 (meat). And they have similar material nature, too. The nature affects how chewy,
34、springy or soft the meat is. 49 controlling how the gelatin fibers are twisted, the scientists can set the fibers arrangement and spacing, which determines 50 the man-made meat ends up more like a burger or a steak. 【答案】 41to grow 42using 43environmental 44have managed 45which 46are 47the 48meats 49
35、By 50whether 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的科技技术：一种利用制作棉花糖的技术来制造肉。 41考查固定句式。句意：饲养动物需要大量的土地和水。it takes sth to do，固定句式，意为“需要做某事”。故填 to grow。 42考查动名词和固定结构。句意：在实验室里种植肉类可能意味着使用更少的动物和降低饲养牲畜的环境成本。mean doing sth，固定结构，意为“意味着做某事”。故填 using。 43考查形容词。句意：在实验室里种植肉类可能意味着使用更少的动物和降低饲养牲畜的环境成本。分析可知，所填空应是形容词作定语修饰之后的名词 costs(费用；
36、成本)。故填 environmental。 44考查时态。句意：到目前为止，还没有人尝试过在实验室里培育出与食用动物肌肉结构相匹配的肉。根据时间状语 so far 可知应是现在完成时。故填 have managed。 45考查定语从句。句意：研究人员已经知道如何培养作为肉类基础的细胞。分析可知，“_5_ are the basis of meat”应是之前名词 cells 的非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。 46考查时态。句意：没有支撑物的细胞更像汤，或者至多像个肉丸子。分析可知，所填空在句中作谓语，结合语境可知时态为一般现在时，主语为
37、“Cells”，名词复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填 are。 47考查冠词。句意：新工艺类似于棉花糖的制作方法，只不过它使用的是明胶，而不是融化的糖。分析可知， 所填空之后为名词 way，应有冠词作限定词， 且之后有定语从句修饰， 表特指，应用定冠词 the。故填 the。 48考查名词复数。句意：实验室培养的样本看起来都像是不同的天然肉类。分析可知，当表达各种各样不同种类的肉时，名词 meat 可用复数形式表达。故填 meats。 49考查介词。句意：通过控制明胶纤维的扭曲方式，科学家们可以设定纤维的排列和间距，从而决定人造肉最终是更像汉堡还是牛排。分析可知，“_9_ controllin
38、g how the gelatin fibers are twisted”应是句中的方式状语，by doing，“通过做某事的方式”，在句中可作方式状语。故填 By。 50考查宾语从句。句意：通过控制明胶纤维的扭曲方式，科学家们可以设定纤维的排列和间距，从而决定人造肉最终是更像汉堡还是牛排。分析可知，“_10_ the man-made meat ends up more like a burger or a steak”应是宾语从句，结合句意可知，从句句子结构完整，表达不确定性，应用“是否”含义连接词，且从句中含有“or”，whetheror，“是还是”符合句意。故填 whether。 6.
39、（2020 届河南省六市第一次模拟） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Peter Tabichi, 61 math and science teacher who has worked to change life for students in a poor area in Kenya, has won the $l million Global Teacher Prize for 2019. Over 10,000 teachers from 179 different countries took part in the competition
40、 this year. Mr. Tabichi 62 (choose) from among the ten final teachers. Mr. Tabichi works al Keriko Secondary School in Pwami Village, Kenya. The school is in a poor area 63 faces many challenges. The classes are huge - there are about 58 students for every teacher. The school also does not have many
41、 64 (teach) materials that are common in 65 schools. There is only one computer at the school, and the Internet connection is not very good. Still, Mr. Tabichi has been able to lead his students to great results. He has tried 66 (build) on things that the students are already interested in and good
42、at. In the last three years, the number of students 67 (double), and yet there are far 68 (few) behavior problems than there were before Mr. Tabichi started. He also helps the families of his students and the other people in the area. Once every three or four years, the area is hit by a serious drou
43、ght. Mr. Tabichi has worked to teach the local people 69 to grow plants that can survive even when there isnt much rain. Mr. Tabichi said that if he won the 70 (compete), he would like to use the money to improve his school. He wants to help build u the science program. He hopes to buy more computer
44、s and get the school a better Internet connection. “To be a great teacher, you have to be very creative, you have to do more and talk less.” he says. 【答案】 61a 62was chosen 63which/that 64teaching 65other / most 66to build 67has doubled 68fewer 69how 70competition 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了 Peter Tabichi 的事迹。
45、Peter Tabichi 是一个数学和科学教师，赢得了 2019 年价值 100 万美元的全球教师奖。他曾致力于改变肯尼亚贫困地区学生和其他人的生活。 61考查冠词。句意：曾致力于改变肯尼亚贫困地区学生生活的一个数学和科学教师 Peter Tabichi 赢得了 2019 年价值 100 万美元的全球教师奖。 根据 math and science teacher 可知此处要用冠词 a 表示“一个”。 故填 a。 62考查动词的时态和语态。句意：来自 179 个国家的一万多名教师参加了今年的比赛。Tabichi 先生是从决赛十位教师中挑选出来的。 根据 took part in 可知此处时态
46、是一般过去时， 且主语 Mr. Tabichi 与 choose之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态。故填 was chosen。 63考查定语从句。句意：这所学校位于一个面临许多挑战的贫困地区。分析句子成分可知，此处是一个限制性定语从句， 先行词是 area， 指物， 定语从句缺少主语， 因此要用关系代词 which/that。 故填 which/that。 64考查名词。句意：学校也没有很多在其它（或者大多数）学校常见的教材。此处 teaching 是名词，意为“教学”，teaching materials 教学资料。故填 teaching。 65考查形容词。句意：学校也没有很多在其它（或者大多数
47、）学校常见的教材。根据 that are common可知此处可以用形容词 other 意为“其他的”或 most 意为“大多数”的修饰名词 schools。故填 other / most。 66考查非谓语动词。句意：他试图以学生们已经感兴趣并擅长的事情为基础。固定短语 try to do sth.尝试做某事，试图做某事。故填 to build。 67考查动词的时态。句意：在过去的三年里，学生的数量翻了一番，但是行为问题却比 Tabichi 先生开始之前少了很多。根据 In the last three years 可知此处时态是现在完成时，且主语是 the number of student
48、s可知谓语动词要用单数形式。故填 has doubled。 68考查形容词的比较级。句意：在过去的三年里，学生的数量翻了一番，但是行为问题却比 Tabichi先生开始之前少了很多。根据副词 far 可知此处要用形容词，再由 than 可知此处要用形容词的比较级。故填fewer。 69考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：Tabichi 先生一直致力于教当地人如何种植即使在少雨的情况下也能存活的植物。根据谓语动词 teach 可知此处要用由 how 连接的宾语从句，表示“怎样，如何”。故填 how。 70考查名词。句意：Tabichi 先生说，如果他赢得了比赛，他想用这笔钱来改善他的学校。根据冠词the
49、可知此处要用名词，且 competition 是不可数名词。故填 competition。 7.（2020 届河南省新乡市高三第二次模拟） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Weddings in Canada have become so complicated that their planning and organization are now a multi-billion dollar industry. 41 (survey) have shown that the average Canadian couple will spend upwa
50、rds of $ 30,000 on their special day, while wedding guests will spend close to $ 700 each on gifts, special clothes, 42 other related expenses. To briefly summarize, most Canadians generally get married in a church or banquet (宴会) hall before about a hundred or so close friends and family members. T