1、Developing ideas .单词拼写 1web n蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物 2weave v. 编；织 3deceive v. 欺骗 4tear n. 眼泪，泪水 v. 撕开；撕碎；撕掉 5moreover adv. 此外，而且 6apart adv. 分离；分开 7fence n. 栅栏，围栏，篱笆 .词汇转换 1tangled adj.纠结的；复杂的tangle n缠结的一团，混乱 v使缠结；乱作 一团 2justify v证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为辩护just adj.公正的； 正直的；正义的justice n正义；公正；正直 3frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不
2、讳的frankly adv.坦率地；坦诚地 4latter n后者late adj.晚的，迟的 adv.晚地，迟地lately adv.最近，不久前 later adj.晚些的，迟些的latest adj.最近，最新的；最晚的 5independent adj.独立的depend vi.依靠，依赖，指望；取决于dependent adj. 依赖的，依靠的dependence n依赖；依靠independence n独立 .默写短语 1protect.from.保护以免遭 2say_for_example 比如 3look_for 寻找 4ask_for_sbs_advice 向某人征求意见 5
3、go_back_to 回到 6in_advance 提前，预先 7find_out 发现；查明 8instead_of 代替，而不是 9consist_of 由组成 10a_series_of 一系列的 课文注解 line/laIn/ n诗行，句子 remain/rImeIn/ vi.保持，仍是 excerpt/ekspt/ n摘录，节选 poetry/ptri/ n诗歌，诗集 poem/pIm/ n诗 tangled/tld/ adj.纠结的，复杂的 web/web/ n蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物 honesty/nsti/ n诚实 honest/nIst/ adj.诚实的；正直的 value/
4、v lju/ n价值观 valuable/v ljubl/ adj.很重要的；宝贵的；很值钱的 tell a lie 说谎 comfort.with.用宽慰 protect.from.保护免受 surely/li/ adv.一定 majority/mdrIti/ n大多数 minority/mainrIti/ n少数；少数派；少数民族 awful/fl/ adj.糟糕的 to.extent 在一定程度上 justify/dstIfaI/ vt.证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理 secretly/sikrtli/ adv.秘密地 disappointment/dIspIntmnt/ n失望 en
5、couragement/InkrIdmnt/ n鼓励 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 say (for example that)比方说；举例 21despite/dIspaIt/ prep.尽管，不顾 22frank/frk/ adj.坦率的，坦诚的 to be frank 老实说 23comment/kment/ n评论 24latter/l t/ n后者 25ask for sbs advice 征求某人的建议 26go back to 回到(原来的话题) 27in advance 提前，预先 28serve/sv/ v端上 29emotion/Im()n/
6、 n情感，情绪 emotional/Imn()l/ adj.感情的；情感的 30moreover/mrv/ adv.而且 原文呈现 Little White Lies 1 Written more than two hundred years ago【1】 ， these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most wellknown excerpts of Scottish poetry： Oh，what a tangled web we weave， When first we practise to deceive! 【1】此处为过去分词短语
7、作让步状语。 2 We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong，but who can honestly say that theyve never told a lie ？ Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”：little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth【2】 【2】that
8、引导同位语从句，对 knowledge 进行解释说明。句中 we tell 为省略了 关系代词 that 或 which 的定语从句，修饰先行词 most of the lies；to protect others from the truth 为不定式短语作目的状语。 3 Weve all surely had the experience of someone cooking a meal for us 【3】 that we dont like.The majority of us of course dont tell the truthwe lie and say that the
9、food is “delicious” 【3】cooking a meal for us 为现在分词短语作后置定语。 4 Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut，we say “Its great！”， even if we think its awful.【4】But to what extent can we justify telling white lies like these? 【4】 if a friend asks.haircut 是 if 引导的条件状语从句， 句中 what 引导宾语从句， 作 as
10、ks 的宾语，even if 引导让步状语从句。 5 One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better 【5】 However， when we lie and say that someones haircut looks good， or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate，are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else?
11、Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment and anger of others. 【5】to try to make others feel better 是不定式作表语，对主语进行解释说明，其 中 make others feel better 是“make宾语宾补”结构。 6 Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement.Say for example that your friend asks you
12、 what you think of his singing.You of course say that its wonderful，despite 21 secretly thinking that your cat can sing better.Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank 22 comments 23 from you so that they can improve 【6】 Or perhaps， they need to know that they should
13、look for a different hobby. 【6】so that 引导目的状语从句。 7 Finally，we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news.If youve had a bad day，do you tell your parents about it，or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？ If the latter 24 【7】 ，dont you think your parents
14、would want to listen to you and understand your feelings? Wouldnt it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice 25 ？ 【7】If the latter 是 if 引导的条件状语从句的省略句。 8 Going back to 26 Walter Scotts lines【8】 ，we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance 27 .Perhaps
15、 the meal you said was “delicious” will be served 28 every time you visit【9】 Would your friend trust your opinion again if he found out you had lied about his “wonderful” singing? How would you expect others to truly understand your emotions 29 if you only shared good news instead of bad? Moreover 3
16、0 ，how would you feel if you discovered that the people closest to you had been hiding the truth from you? 【8】Going back to Walter Scotts lines 是现在分词短语作时间状语。 【9】every time 引导时间状语从句。 课文译文 小小的善意谎言 1 沃尔特 斯科特在两百多年前写下的这些诗句仍然是苏格兰诗歌中最著名的节 选之一： 哦，就编织了一张多么错综复杂的网啊， 当我们一旦开始欺骗的时候！ 2 我们都知道诚实是一种重要的价值观，说谎是错误的，但是谁能
17、诚实地说他们 从来没有说过谎呢？也许我们会用我们所说的大多数谎言都是“善意的谎言” 来安慰自己：我们所说的小谎言是为了保护别人不受真相的伤害。 3 我们都有过这样的经历：有人给我们做了一顿我们不喜欢的饭菜，我们大多数 人当然不会说真话，我们撒谎，说饭菜“好吃”。 4 或者， 如果一个朋友问我们对他们的新发型有什么看法， 我们会说“太棒了！ ”， 即使我们认为它很糟糕。 但是我们能在多大程度上证明说这种善意的谎言是正当 的呢？ 5 说善意的谎言的主要原因之一是想让别人感觉好一点。然而，当我们撒谎说某 人的发型很好看，或者我们对心里讨厌的饭表示喜欢时，我们真的希望为别人改 善状况吗？也许我们实际上
18、是在撒谎，为了避免承受他人的失望和愤怒。 6 说善意的谎言的另一个原因是给予鼓励。比如说，你的朋友问你对他唱歌的看 法。你当然会说这很好，尽管你暗自认为你的猫唱得更好。停下来想想，也许你 的朋友想从你那里得到一些坦率的评论，这样他们就可以提高。或者，他们需要 知道他们应该寻找一个不同的爱好。 7 最后， 当我们想保护别人不受坏消息的伤害时， 我们也可以说一个善意的谎言。 如果你今天过得不好，你会告诉你的父母吗？或者你会隐藏你的眼泪，谎称你的 一天过得“好”？如果是后者，你不认为你的父母会想要听你的倾诉，理解你的 感受吗？尊重他们对你的关心并征求他们的意见，难道不是更好吗？ 8 回到沃尔特 斯科
19、特的诗句，我们可能会发现，即使是善意的谎言，也会有我 们无法预料的结果。也许你说“美味”的饭菜在你每次来访都会端上来。如果你 的朋友发现你对他的“美妙”歌声撒了谎， 他还会相信你的意见吗？如果你只分 享好消息而不是坏消息，你怎么能指望别人真正理解你的情绪呢？此外，如果你 发现你最亲近的人一直在向你隐瞒真相，你会做何感想？ 1independent adj.独立的 The more independent you are，the better your life will be.(教材 P11) 你越独立，你的生活会越好。 (1)be independent of 独立的，与无关的 (2)dep
20、end vi. 依赖；依靠；取决于 depend on 取决于，视而定；依靠，依赖；信赖，相信 (3)dependent adj. 依靠的；依赖的；从属的 be dependent on 依靠，依赖 (4)dependence n. 依赖；信赖；上瘾 independence n. 独立 You should learn to be independent of your parents. 你应该学习不要依赖父母。 A good education is the only way to success and independence. 良好的教育是通往成功与自立的唯一道路。 Find a j
21、ob and end your dependence on your parents. 找个工作，别再依赖你的父母了。 链接写作 一句多译 既然你已是个大学生了，就应当学着独立，不靠父母的帮助。 Now that you are a college student，you should learn to_be_independent_of your parents help. Now that you are a college student，you should learn not_to_depend_on your parents help. 2apart adv.分离，分开 adj.分
22、开的；分离的 As soon as they started to get closer， they hurt each other with their quills， so they had to move apart.(教材 P11) 它们一开始靠近就互相用羽毛刺伤了对方，所以不得不分开。 apart from 除之外；除了之外(还有) take.apart 将拆卸开，拆分 tell.apart 分辨出，辨别 tear apart 撕开，拆散 If youre ready to forgive me，then nothing can tear us apart，I promise. 如果
23、你已经准备原谅我了，那么没有任何东西可以将我们分开，我保证。 He was standing a bit apart from the rest of us，watching us. 他正和我们其余人分开一点站着，看着我们。 It was the first time Jane and I had been apart for more than a few days. 这是我和简第一次分开超过了几天。 链接写作 翻译句子 你可以从我脸上的疤痕分辨出我和我的孪生兄弟。 You_can_tell_my_twin_brother_and_me_apart_by_this_mark_on_m y_f
24、ace. 名师指津 apart from 表示“除之外都”时，相当于 except，except for；表 示“除了之外(还有)”时，相当于 besides，in addition to。 3to.extent 到的程度，在的程度上 But to what extent can we justify telling white lies like these？(教材 P9) 但是我们能在多大程度上证明说这种善意的谎言是正当的呢？ to what extent 在多大程度上 to a certain/some extent 在某种程度上 to a great/large extent 在很大程
25、度上 to such an extent 到达如此程度 To a certain extent，it was my fault that we lost the game. 我们输了比赛，这在一定程度上是我的过错。 To a great extent，our ability to influence our circumstances depends on how we see things. 在很大程度上，我们影响环境的能力有赖于我们如何看事情。 The car was damaged to such an extent that it could not be repaired. 这辆车受
26、损如此严重，已经到了无法修复的地步。 链接写作 补全句子 A report by the UN Environment Programme said oil spills had polluted land，sea and air to_such_an_extent that it seriously threatened public health in some areas. 一份联合国环境规划署的报告称，石油泄漏严重污染了土地、海洋和空气，在某 些地区甚至威胁到公众健康。 4consist of 由组成，由构成 An essay usually consists of three par
27、ts: introduction， main body， and conclusion.(教 材 P10) 文章通常由引言、正文和结语三部分组成。 (1)consist in 在于；存在于 (2)consistent adj. 一致的；连续的 be consistent with 与相一致 The true wealth does not consist in what we have，but in what we are. 真正的财富不在于我们拥有什么，而在于我们的人格。 This collection is_made (make) up of three parts: poems，essa
28、ys and short stories. 这本集子是由诗、散文和短篇小说三部分组合而成的。 His action is always consistent with his words. 他始终言行一致。 链接写作 一句多译 由十名医生和五名护士组成的医疗队被派遣到遭受洪灾的地区。 The medical team made_up_of_ten_doctors_and_five_nurses was sent to the floodstricken area. The medical team consisting_of_ten_doctors_and_five_nurses was se
29、nt to the floodstricken area. 名师指津 consist of意为“由组成”， 相当于be made up of/be composed of， 强调整体是由部分组成的，即主语表示整体，宾语表示部分；consist of 没有被 动语态和进行时态，但是作定语时，常使用现在分词形式。 1Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.(教材 P9) 停下来想想，也许你的朋友想从你那里得到
30、一些坦率的评论，这样他们就可以提 高。 so that“为了，以便”，在句中引导目的状语从句。 (1)so that 可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。 (2)引导目的状语从句的从属连词还有：in order that 为了，以便；in case 以防； for fear that 生怕，唯恐。 (3)当 so that/in order that 引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致时，可以将从 句简化为 in order to/so as to 结构。注意：so as to 不可放在句首，而 in order to 可 放在句首。 We went to the cinema v
31、ery early，so that we got good seats. 我们很早就去了电影院，结果我们坐到了好位置。 Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子关上以防下雨。 Take warm clothes in case the weather is cold. 带上厚衣服以防天冷。 名师指津 (1)so that 引导目的状语从句时有时可省略 so 而只用 that，有时也可只用 so。 (2)in case 既可引导目的状语从句，也可引导条件状语从句。 链接写作 一句多译 他努力学习以便能考试及格。 He studied hard
32、in_order_that/so_that_he_could_pass_the_exam He studied hard in_order_to/so_as_to_pass_the_exam In_order_to_pass_the_exam，he studied hard. 2Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit.(教 材 P9) 也许你说“美味”的饭菜在你每次来访时都会端上来。 every time 相当于 each time，是名词短语用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意
33、为“每当的时候；每次” 。从句常用一般现在时或一般过去时，强调经 常性的习惯或动作。 英语中有些表示时间的名词短语可以充当连词，引导时间状语从句。有此用法的 名词短语主要有以下几种形式： (1)the瞬间名词：the minute/the instant/the moment，意为“一就”。 (2)由 time 构成的名词词组： the first/last time， each/ every time， next time， any time 等。 (3)the时间名词：the day，the week，the year 等。 Every/Each time we see her，she i
34、s always working hard. 我们每次见到她，她都在努力地工作。 I found myself in an entirely new world the moment I arrived in Beijing. 我一到北京就感到耳目一新。 The_first_time I interviewed him，he looked a bit nervous. 我第一次采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。 链接写作 补全句子 Every/Each_time_I_see_him，he either wants to tell me his trouble or borrow some money
35、. 每次我见到他，他不是向我诉苦，就是向我借钱。 名师指津 the first time 用作连词， 引导时间状语从句， 意为“第一次时”。 for the first time 是介词短语，只能用作状语，意为“第一次”。 熟记重要词语 .熟词生义写出句中加黑单词的词性和含义 1If the muscle is stretched again it could even tear.v.撕裂 2The exercises can be fun and a good warmup for the latter part of the programme.adj.后一半的 3Two independ
36、ent research bodies reached the same conclusions.adj.不相关的 4The orchard was some two acres in extent，neatly fenced in with tall palms.v.围住 .一词多义根据语境选出所给词的词性和词义 1weave Av.编，织 Bv.编纂成 Cn.编织法 Dv.迂回行进，穿行 The biography weaves together the various strands of Einsteins life.B The baskets which are popular am
37、ong people are woven from strips of willow.A He had to weave his way through the milling crowds.D Fabrics with a close weave are ideal for painting.C 2go back to A回到(原来的话题) B追溯到 C回忆起 D重新开始 We can not go back to yesterday once we miss it.D The friendly contacts between the two people go back to the 2
38、nd century.B Let me just go back to the point I was making.A My mind went back to the year 1978.C .写出下列词块的含义 1a tangled web of relationships 错综复杂的关系网 2a web of streets 纵横交错的街道 3weave the bottoms of chairs for people to sit in 给别人编椅子坐 4a trick to deceive others 欺骗别人的花招 5justify paying such huge salar
39、ies 证明付这么大笔薪金是正当的 6a full and frank discussion 坦诚的充分讨论 7the latter option 后一个选项 8an independent young woman 一位有主见的年轻女性 9keep herself apart from other people 与其他人保持距离 10go back to normal 一切如常 练透常用句型 1 Written more than two hundred years ago， these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most wellknow
40、n excerpts of Scottish poetry. 句式分析 Written more than two hundred years ago 为过去分词短语作让步状语， 和句子主语 these lines 为逻辑上的动宾关系。 尝试翻译 尽管这些诗句是沃尔特 斯科特在两百多年前写下的， 但仍然是苏格 兰诗歌中最著名的节选之一。 2 Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut， we say “Its great！ ”， even if we think its awful. 句式分析 even if 引导让步状语
41、从句，意为“即使”。 尝试仿写 即使明天下雨，我们也要继续工作。 Even_if_it_should_rain_tomorrow，we_will_continue_our_work. 3One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better. 句式分析 “make宾语宾补”结构中，不定式作宾补应省去 to。 尝试翻译 说善意的谎言的主要原因之一是想让别人感觉好一点。 4Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend w
42、ants some frank comments from you so that they can improve. 句式分析 so that 引导目的状语从句。 尝试仿写 我再提醒你一次，省得你忘了。 Let_me_remind_you_once_again_so_that_you_wont_forget. 5Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. 句式分析 every time引导时间状语从句， 意为“每一次”， 可替换为each time。 尝试仿写 用不着她一来电话你就往楼上跑。 You_dont_have_to_go_running_upstairs_every_time_she_rings.