1、 Unit3 Grammar 疑问词引导的宾语从句疑问词引导的宾语从句 1. 疑问词引导的宾语从句 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，疑问词就是引导词，这时疑问词不可省略，而且宾语从句要用陈述语序， 即疑问词+主语+谓语+其他。 I wonder what I should do next. 我想知道下一步我该做什么。 【警示】宾语从句的标点要根据主句的句子类型来确定。当主句是陈述句时，句末通常用句点；当主句是 疑问句时，句末通常用问号。 2. 含有宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换 含有宾语从句的复合句在一定的条件下可以转化为简单句。 （1）若主句的主语与从句的主语一致，则由疑问词引导的宾语从句可以变成
2、疑问词+动词不定式的复 合结构。 I dont know how I should do it next.=I dont know how to do it next. 我不知道下一步应该怎样做。 （2） 当主句谓语动词是 see, hear, watch 等时， 其后的 that 从句常简化为宾语+动词原形/动词-ing 形式。 I saw some boys were playing basketball on the playground just now. I saw some boys playing basketball on the playground just now.刚才我
3、看到一些男孩正在操场上打篮球。 （3）当主句的谓语动词是 hope, agree, wish 等，且主句的主语与从句的主语一致时，其后以 that 引导的宾 语从句可简化为动词不定式结构。 He agreed that he could help me with my English. He agreed to help me with my English. 【典例】Excuse me, do you know _? Sure, there is a bookstore down the street near here. A. where can I get some postcards
4、B. where I can get some postcards C. how can I get some postcards D. when I can get some postcards 【答案】B 宾语从句除由引导词 that，if/whether 引导外还可由 what，which，whom，when 等引导。 宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词 引导词引导词 引导词的作用引导词的作用 例句例句 that 本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语 中可省略。 He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. 他说凯特擅 长游泳。 if/whether 意为是
5、否，不 作句子成分，但不能省略。 I wonder if you are a teacher. 我想知道你是否是老师。 what ， which ， whose， whom 等连 接代词 在从句中作一定的成分，如主语、 宾语、定语等。 I dont know what they are going to do. 我不知道他们 打算干什么。 He asked me whose book it was. 他问我这本书是谁的。 When(指时间 )， where(指地点)， why( 表 原 因 ) ， how(表方式) 等连接副词 在从句中作状语。 Could you tell me where
6、you are from?你能告诉我你来 自哪儿吗？ Do you know how they found the place?你知道他们是怎 么找到这个地方的吗？ 【典例】Could you please tell me _ you will go to Hong Kong on business? Sure. I prefer to take a plane. A. whether B. why C. when D. how 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查宾语从句引导词的用法。根据答语当然可以。我更喜欢乘本飞机。可以推测问句中 宾语从句对交通方式提问，应用连接词 how。 语序语序 无论主句
7、是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即主句引导词宾语从句(主语谓语 .)。 He doesnt know where the post office is. 他不知道邮局在哪里。 【典例】He asked me _. A. where was the Chaoyang Park B. how far was the Chaoyang Park from here C. how he could get to the Chaoyang Park 时态时态 含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态关系应包括以下三点内容： （1）如果主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态
8、。 I dont know when he will come back. 我不知道他将何时回来。 （2）如果主句是过去时，宾语从句只可根据需要，选用与过去相关的时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过 去将来时或过去完成时中的某一种形式。 The children didnt know who he was. 孩子们不知道他是谁。 （3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从 句时态都用一般现在时。 The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。 【典例】Excuse
9、me. Could you please tell me _? A. how get to the Pacific Cinema B. how I got to the Pacific Cinema C. how I can get to the Pacific Cinema D. how should I get to the Pacific Cinema 【答案】C 【解析】句意：打扰一下，您能告诉我怎么去太平洋电影院吗？Could you please.? 表示礼貌地请求，could 并不表示过去时，后接宾语从句时态应为一般现在时且语序为陈述语序。 宾语从句可以转换成疑问词不定式结构 I
10、 want to know how I can do the dishes.I want to know how to do the dishes. 我想知道怎样洗餐具。 【典例】He told us where _ a picnic. A. having B. to have C. have D. had 【答案】B 【魔法记忆】宾语从句口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主 句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化 that 引，一般疑问句用 if/whether，特殊问句疑问词，引导词 后陈述式。 一、单项选择。一、单项选择。 1. Do you kno
11、w _ I saw yesterday? It was my favorite player, Yi Jianlian! A. whom B. when C. where D. how 2.（2016 福建莆田市第二十五中学九年级上学期期末考试）I seem to be lost. Could you tell me _? Sure.You can take the No. 3 bus to get there. A.where is the nearest hospital B.how far is my trip to the Olympic Village C.how I can get
12、 to the National Museum 3. Could you tell me _? Yes. To take back my dictionary A. Why did you come here B. When do you come here C. Why you came here D. When you come here 4. Do you know _ second-hand smoke? To protect our health and memory. A. how we should prevent B. why should we prevent C. why
13、we should prevent D. how should we prevent 5. （2016 北京市大兴区九年级上学期期末考试）Do you know _ at that time last night? Yes, a report for a newspaper. A.what was Linda writing B.what will Linda write C.what Linda was writing D.what Linda will write 6.（2015 江苏江都实验初级中学九年级上学期期末考试）Could you tell me _? About one hou
14、r and a half. A. how long it takes to drive to Nanjing from Yangzhou B. how long it took to drive to Nanjing from Yangzhou C. how long does it take to drive to Nanjing from Yangzhou D. how long did it take to drive to Nanjing from Yangzhou 7.（2016 湖北孝感孝南区肖港初级中学九年级月考） I wonder _. A. where can I get s
15、ome pens B. when the park closes today C. what happen last night D. if is there a bank near here 8.（2016 北京延庆县第三协作区九年级上学期期中考试） Do you know _ tomorrow? At 8 oclock. A. when did Sally come B. when Sally came C. when will Sally come D. when Sally will come 9. Do you know _? He is a dentist. A. where he
16、 is from B. what does he do C. what his father is 10.Could you tell me _? Sure. Walk straight along this street and youll find it. A. how can I get to the post office B. where is the post office C. which is the way to the post office D. how far the post office is 11.Jim feels stressed from time to t
17、ime, but he doesnt know _ about it. He can get help from his teachers. A. Who to talk B. which to talk to C. when to talk to D. who to talk to 12.Could you tell me _? Certainly. A. who is waiting for me B. who are you waiting for C. what the matter is with your bike D. how to do 13.（2016 重庆江津实验中学九年级
18、上月考）Could you tell me _? She has a pain in her face. A.what is the matter with her B.whats wrong with him C.what the matter is with her D.what wrong is with him 14.（2016 湖北武汉第二十五中学九年级上期中）Excuse me, could you tell me _? Yes. Go straight and turn left. Its on your right. A. how can I get to the drugst
19、ore B. which is the way to the drugstore C. where is the drugstore D. how far the drugstore is 15.（2015 陕西师范大学附属中学九年级上期中）Philip has gone to England. Oh, can you tell me _? A. when did he leave B. when he is leaving C. when he has left D. when he left 16.（2016 山东菏泽卷）Excuse me, but could you please te
20、ll me _? Sure. A. where is the restroom B. when the store opens C. what time does it begin 17. （2015 河南中考）Hi, Tony! Do you know _? Yes, there is a coffee shop at the corner of the street. A. when I can a cup of coffee B. when can I get a cup of coffee C. where I can get a cup of coffee D. where can
21、I get a cup of coffee 18. （2015 济宁市中考）Did you have a good time in Jining? Come and have a look. My photos will show you _. A. how was the trip B. why did we go there C. how we went there D. what the trip was like 19. （2015 江苏南通市中考）Could you please tell me _? By taking an online tour. A. in which way
22、 can I improve my writing skills B. how I can travel around the world in eight hours C. what places of interest we can visit at a time D. how should I get some more useful information 20. What time shall we leave for the airport? Its foggy today. Im not sure _ be closed soon. Lets go now. A. whether
23、 the highway will B. whether will the highway C. when the highway will D. when will the highway 二二、根据提示完成短文、根据提示完成短文。 Sometimes we should 1. _(say) No. For example, when a friend or a relative asks us 2. _(use) our influence to 3. _(borrow) money from a bank, we should refuse. Also, when our ability
24、 is limited, we had better 4. _(refuse) others requests politely. However, why do we fail to say No? We feel that 5. _(if) we turn down a request from a friend or a 6. _(relation), we will become unpopular. In fact, it 7. _(be) unwise of us to do so. We ourselves 8. _(get) into trouble and we will l
25、ose friends and could even 9. _(punish) by law. So we have to say No when we are 10. _(able) to carry out the task. 三三、阅读理解、阅读理解。 Sometimes I really doubt whether there is love between my parents. Every day they are very busy trying to make money for my schooling. One day, my mother was sewing a qui
26、lt(缝被子). I silently sat beside her. Mum, is there love between you and Dad? I asked in a very low voice. With surprise in her eyes, she stopped her work for a while. Then she said, Susan, look at this thread(线). It can hardly be seen, but its really there. It makes the quilt strong. If life is a qui
27、lt, love should be a thread. Love is inside. I couldnt understand her until the next spring. At that time, my father suddenly got sick seriously. My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month. After they were back, my mother helped my father walk slowly on the country road every day. Th
28、ey were so kind to each other and it seemed they were the happiest couple. After two months my father still couldnt walk by himself. Dad, how are you feeling now? I asked him one day. Susan, dont worry about me, he said. I just like walking with your mum. I like this kind of life. Reading his eyes,
29、I knew he loves my mother deeply. Now I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life. Love is inside, making life strong and warm. 1. Why are Susans parents busy trying to make money? A. To send Susan to school. B. To go to see the doctor. C. To buy a strong quilt. D. To show their
30、 love. 2. Susans father stayed in hospital for _. A. one day B. one month C. two months D. three months 3. Susan came to understand her mother _. A. while her mother was sewing a quilt B. before her father was in hospital C. when she was sitting beside her mother D. after her father was seriously si
31、ck 4. What can we know from the passage? A. Susans father is very lazy. B. Susans mother is a nurse. C. Susans parents love each other. D. Susan doesnt like her father. 5. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A. How to Make a Quilt Strong B. Love is Just a Thread C. Walkin
32、g on the Country Road D. A Seriously Sick Father 一、单项选择。一、单项选择。 1. A 【解析】考查宾语从句。由后半句：是我最喜欢的运动员，易建联！可知前面指的是人。故选 A。 2. C【解析】句意：我好像迷路了。你能告诉我怎样去国家博物馆吗？ 当然可以，你可以乘三路 车去那儿。在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序，结合语境，所以选 C。 3. C【解析】考查宾语从句，根据在宾语从句必须用陈述语序，且时态要和主句保持一致，故排除 A、D； 根据题意，去取回我的字典，可知上文是在问你能告诉我你为什么来这吗？故答案选 C。 4. C【解析】句意：你知道我们
33、为什么要阻止二手烟吗？为了保护我们的健康和记忆。分析：考查 宾语从句的用法，从句要用陈述语序，因此第一项、第三项符合，通过答语体现对原因进行提问，因 此第三项正确。故选 C。 6. A【解析】句意：你能告诉我从南京开车到扬州要多久吗？大约一个半小时。在宾语从句中只能 用陈述句语序，不能用疑问句语序，所以选 A。 7. B【解析】句意：我想知道今天公园在什么时候关门。在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序，不能用疑问句语 序。所以选 B。 9. C【解析】句意：你知道他的爸爸是干什么的吗？他是牙医。根据句意及题干分析此题考查宾语 从句的用法，宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，排除 B；根据答语是问职业，故选 C。
34、 10. C【解析】句意：你能告诉我哪条路是通往邮局的路吗？当然可以。沿着这条街一直走，然后 你就会找到。此题考查宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。根据句意，应选 C。 11. D【解析】句意：吉姆时刻都感到有压力，但是他不知道和谁说这件事。它可以向他的老师们 请求帮助。此题考查特殊疑问词+不定式结构和 talk to sb. about sth.对某人说有关某事。根据句意，应 选 D。 12. A【解析】句意：你能告诉我谁在等你吗？当然可以。在宾语从句中，主句用一般现在时从句 根据需要选择时态，主句是过去时态，从句要用相应的过去时态。从句用陈述句的语序。D. how to do 应是 how
35、 to do it，故选 A。 13. A【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。句意：你能告诉我她怎么了吗？她脸上很痛苦。从答语的主 语看，是女她，排除 B、D，你怎么了这是一个比较特殊的句子，在宾语从句中不改变语序，只 有 A 符合题意。故选 A。 14. B【解析】句意：对不起，你能告诉我哪条路是去药店的吗？好的，直走然后左拐。它就在你 的右边。根据题干分析此题是考查宾语从句的用法，宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，排除 A、C；根据 答语是问路，故选 B。 15. D【解析】句意：费利普去了英国。哦，你能告诉我他是什么时候去的吗？根据语境可知，这 里是宾语从句，语序应用陈述句的语序。由于这里询问的是过去的
36、事实，应用一般过去时。结合选项 可知应选 D。 16. B【解析】句意：对不起，但是请问你可以告诉我商店什么时候开吗？当然。宾语从句要用陈 述句语序，A 项提前了 is，是疑问句语序；C 项加了助动词 does，是疑问句语序。故选 B。 17. C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：嗨，托尼！你知道我可以在哪里买到咖啡吗？是的，在街的 拐角处有一家咖啡店。在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序，不能用疑问句语序。在所给出的四个选项中 只有 C 项用的是陈述句语序，所以选 C。 18. D【解析】考查宾语从句。宾语从句为陈述语序，据此可先排除选项 A 和 B，C 我们怎么到的那儿；D 我们的旅行怎么样。 根据上文
37、问句： 你在济宁玩得高兴吗？可知从句中应该说明旅行的情况， 故选 D。 19. B【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：你可以告诉我怎样在八小时内周游全球吗？通过在线旅游的 方式。宾语从句用陈述句语序，A、D 错了。B.how I can travel around the world in eight hours 我怎样 在八小时内周游全球？C.what places of interest we can visit at a time 我们可以参观哪些名胜？答语是 by，用 how 提问，故选 B。 二二、根据提示完成短文、根据提示完成短文。 1. say 2. to use 3. borrow 4
38、. refuse 5. if 6. relative 7. is 8. will get 9. be punished 10. unable 三三、阅读理解、阅读理解。 1. A 【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的. .very busy trying to make money for my schooling.可知选 A。 2. B 【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的 My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month.可知 选 B。 3. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段可知选 D。 4. C 【解析】 推理判断题。作者在父亲生病时理解了父母亲之间的爱。由此可推知，Susan 的父母彼此相爱。 故选 C。 5. B【解析】标题归纳题。作者在父亲生病时理解了父母亲之间的爱。爱就像被子里面的一条线，爱是内在 的，爱会使生活更强大和温暖。由此可知，爱是一条线最符合题意。故选 B。