1、 Unit7 Grammar 含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态 一、构成 含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为情态动词+助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词情态动词指 can, may, must, should 等。 The flowers should be watered.应该给花浇水了。 Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头做成。 Teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends.青少年应该被允许和朋友外出。 二、句式 （1）肯定形式：主语+情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词+by 短语（
2、by 短语可省略） 。 （2）否定形式：主语+情态动词+not +be+及物动词的过去分词。 （3）一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词？ （4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词？ Waste paper should not be thrown here. 废纸不应该被扔在这里。 Must the trees be watered now? 这些树必须现在浇水吗？ Should it be done by Li Ming? 这件事应该是李明干吗？ 【警示】如果不强调动作的执行者，by 短语常可省略。 三、含有情态动词的主动句与被动句之间的转换
3、含有情态动词的主动句变为被动句时，要把主动句中的宾语变成被动句中的主语；主动句中的谓语变为 情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词；主动句中的主语变为介词 by 的宾语（如果不强调动作的执行者，by 短语常可省略） 。 主动句：She must clean her room every day. 主语 谓语 宾语 被动句：Her room must be cleaned (by her) every day. 【典例】1. Teenagers should _ to choose their own clothes. A. be allowed B. allow C. allowed D. to
4、allow 【答案】A 2. More trees must _ here. A. be planted B.planted C. To plant D. plant 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在这儿更多的树需要被种。此题考查含有情态动词的被动语态，根据句意可知选 A。 四、含有情态动词的被动语态的句子结构 句式句式 结构结构 例句例句 肯定句 主语情态动词be done(by宾 语). The work should be finished by ten.这项工作应该在十 点之前完成。 否定句 主语情态动词notbe done ( by宾语). Those books mustnt be t
5、aken out of the library.不准把那 些书带出图书馆。 一般疑 问句 情态动词主语be done(by宾 语)？ May these rooms be cleaned tomorrow？这些房间可以 明天打扫吗？ 特殊疑 问句 特殊疑问词情态动词主语be done(by宾语)？ When should these books be sent to the children in mountain areas？这些书应该什么时候送给山区的孩子 们？ 【典例】Hurry up! The exam must _ in 100 minutes. A. finish B. be fi
6、nished C. is finished 一、一、将下列句子改为被动语态将下列句子改为被动语态。 1. We must speak to the old people politely. Must the old people _ _ to politely? 2. Dad cleaned the car yesterday. The car _ _ by Dad yesterday. 3. We often water these young trees These young trees _ often _ by us. 4. The boy broke the window yeste
7、rday. The window _ _ by the boy yesterday. 5. I will give him a camera as a present. A camera _ _ _ to him by me as a present. 二、二、单项选择。单项选择。 1. Do you believe there are aliens? Im afraid not. I dont think aliens _ in space. A. can be found B. can find C. can be founded D. cant be found 2. Will you
8、go to the dinner party tonight? I wont go unless Sue _. A. will be invited B. can be invited C. invited D. is invited 3. I dont think sixteen-year-olds should _ to go to net bars. A. allow B. be allowing C. allowed D. be allowed 4.Do you believe there are aliens? Im afraid not. I dont think aliens _
9、 in space. A. can find B. can be found C. cant be found 5. Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 6. Food and drink should _ to be brought into the reading room. A. not to allow B. allow C. not be allowed D. not allow 7. Attention, please!
10、 All the mobile phones must _ before the meeting starts. A. turn off B. be turned off C. be turning off D. turned off 8. Excuse me, sir, smoking _ in the gas station. Oh. Im really sorry. A. doesnt allow B. isnt allowed C arent allowed 9. Children should _ get on well with others. A. teach how to B.
11、 be taught how C. be taught how to D. taught how to 10.Its difficult for the village children to cross the river for school. I think a bridge _ over the river. A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built 三、阅读理解。三、阅读理解。 A Years ago, I lived in a building in a large city. The n
12、ext building only was a few feet away from mine. There was a woman lived there, and I had never met her, yet I could see she sat by her window each afternoon, sewing or reading. After several months had gone by, I began to notice that her window was dirty. Everything was unclear through the dirty wi
13、ndow. I would say to myself. “I wonder why that woman doesnt wash her window. It really looks terrible.” One bright morning I decided to clean my flat, including washing the window on the inside. Later in the afternoon when I finished the cleaning, I sat down by the window with a cup of coffee for a
14、 rest. What a surprise! Across the way, the woman sitting by her window was clearly visible(看见). Her window was clean! Then it dawned on me. I had been criticizing(批评) her dirty window, but all the time I was watching hers through my own dirty window. That was quite an important lesson for me. How o
15、ften had I looked at and criticized others through the dirty window of my heart, through my own shortcomings Since then, whenever I wanted to judge (评判) someone, I asked myself first, “Am I looking at him through my own dirty window ” I try to clean the window of my own world so that I may see the w
16、orld about me more clearly. 1. The writer couldnt see everything clearly through the window because _. A. the womans window was dirty B. the writers window was dirty C. the woman lived nearby D. the writer was near-sighted 2. The writer was surprised that _. A. the woman was sitting by her window B.
17、 the womans window was still terrible C. the woman did cleaning in the afternoon D. the womans window was clean 3. “It dawned on me” probably means “_”. A. I began to understand it B. it cheered me up C. I knew it grew light D. it began to get dark 4. Its clear that _. A. the writer had never met th
18、e woman before B. the writer often washed the window C. they both worked as cleaners D. they lived in a small town 5. From the passage, we can learn _. A. one shouldnt criticize others very often B. one should often make hi s windows clean C. one must judge himself before he judges others D. one mus
19、t look at others through his dirty windows. B Leaving Her Mark Molly is a little hose. A few yeas ago, she was badly hurt by a dog. The dog bit all four of Molly s legs and left a large cut in her face. Molly s owner, Kaye Harris, took her to an animal hospital. Doctors there tried their best to sav
20、e Molly s life，but soon one of her legs became very infected（感染）The only way to save her life was to remove the leg. At fist, doctors thought Molly would die. But Molly changed their minds. Doctors noticed that she shifted（转移）her weight, and rested her good leg from time to time. They knew that Moll
21、y had amazing cleverness and a strong will. She wanted to live. Several doctors operated on Molly, and removed her infected leg. A false （假的） leg was made for her and doctors gave Molly a special horseshoe at the bottom of her false leg. This horseshoe had a stamp of a smiling face in it! After the
22、operation, Molly walked around on all four legs, as if nothing had ever happened to her! Now, with every step she takes, she stamps a smile in the dirt. Wherever she goes, Molly leaves her mark. Without saying a word, she speaks to people with her kind eyes. Even when she walks away, she leaves an i
23、mpression. Molly leaves her mark in other ways, too. Kaye Harris takes Molly to schools, nursing homes, army bases and hospitals. Molly is famous because she makes people smile and gives them hope. A book is even written about Molly! Molly has become a symbol of hope for people of all ages. Her stor
24、y leaves a smile on people s faces, just as clearly as her horseshoe leaves a mark in the sand. 6. A few years ago, Molly _. A. fell off the hill B. was badly hurt by a dog C. fell into the river D. was hurt in a car accident 7. After the operation, _. A. Mollys leg became very infected B. Molly wal
25、ked around on all four legs C. the doctors thought Molly would die D. the doctors noticed Molly was clever 8. Molly is famous because _. A. she gives people hope B. she acts in a play C. she speaks to people D. she runs fastest 9. What do you think of Molly? A. Dangerous. B. Impolite. C. Hard-workin
26、g. D. Strong-willed. 一、一、将下列句子改为被动语态将下列句子改为被动语态。 1. be spoken【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态，其基本结构为： 情态动词+be +动词的过去分词。其疑 问句结构是把 must 提至句首。 3. are, watered【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。其基本结构为：主语+am/are/is+动词的过去分词。 4. was broken【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。其基本结构为：主语+was /were+动词的过去分词。 5. will be given【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。其基本结构为：主语+will +be+动词的
27、过去分词。 二、二、单项选择。单项选择。 1. A【解析】句意：你相信有外星人吗？我恐怕不行，我认为在太空不可能有外星人。考查含情态 动词的被动语态，根据句意选择 A。 2. D【解析】主句中用了一般将来时，unless 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时；Sue 是动 作的承受者，要用被动语态。 3. D【解析】这里应该用被动语态，因此答案为 D。 4. B【解析】句意：你相信有外星人吗？恐怕没有。我觉得在太空中找不到外星人。结合本题语境 可知，要用被动语态结构；设空处所在句子为否定转移情况，故谓语动词用肯定形式。故答案为 B。 5. A【解析】句意：应该认真听我们的老师讲课。老师
28、与“听”之间构成被动关系，被动语态的构成为：be+ 及物动词的过去分词，如果是不及物动词，必须要加上介词，本题中的 listen 就是不及物动词，主动语 态中带宾语时必须与 to 连用，此句是含有情态动词的被动语态，故答案为 A。 6. C【解析】情态动词的被动语态的否定式是在 be 前加 not 构成。 7. B【解析】情态动词的被动语态由情态动词be动词的过去分词构成。 8. B【解析】表示不允许在加油站抽烟。 9. C【解析】情态动词的被动语态由情态动词be动词的过去分词构成；疑问词动词不定式作 taught 的宾语。 10.D【解析】句意：村里的孩子过河去上学很困难。我认为应该在桥上修
29、一座桥。根据句意和情 境可知应该选 D。 三、阅读理解。三、阅读理解。 A 3. A【解析】推理判断题。根据后句 I had been criticizing her dirty window, but all the time I was watching hers through my own dirty window.可知 作者突然明白了一个道理，顿悟。所以选 A。 4. A 【解析】 细节理解题。 根据第一段第二行 They was a woman lived there, and I had never met her,可知选 A。 5. C【解析】主旨大意题。该文章的中心思想：在判
30、断别人如何之前，先看看自己。所以选 C。 B 文章大意：这篇文章主要介绍的是 Molly 是一匹特别坚强的马，它著名因为它带给人们微笑，给人们 带来了希望。 6. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章内容 Molly is a little hose. A few yeas ago, she was badly hurt by a dog.可知 Molly 被一条狗伤的很重。根据句意，故选 B。 7. B【解析】细节理解题。根据 After the operation, Molly walked around on all four legs, as if nothing had ever happened to her!可知手术以后，Molly 用四条腿到处可以走，似乎没有事情发生在它身上。根据句意， 故选 B。 8. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章内容 Molly is famous because she makes people smile and gives them hope. 可知 Molly 著名因为它叫人们微笑，给了人们希望。根据句意，故选 A。 9. D【解析】综合理解题。通读全文可知 Molly 是一匹特别坚强的马。根据句意，故选 D。