1、 课时课时 3 Grammar 关系代词引导定语从句关系代词引导定语从句 定语从句在整个句子中担任定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词。定语从句通 常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 1. 关系词 关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as(句子中缺主要成分：主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语、补语 时)。关系副词：when, where, why（句子中缺次要成分：状语时）。 Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的那个人吗？ She is the woman w
2、hom/ that I saw yesterday. 她就是我昨天见的那个女人。 China is a country which / that has a large population. 中国是一个拥有很多人口的国家。 The e-mail that /which I received yesterday was from my sister. 昨天我收到的电子邮件是我姐姐寄来的。 I know a doctor whose son is my classmate. 我认识一位医生，他的儿子是我的同班同学。 Please pass me the book whose (of which)
3、 cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 I shall never forget the days when (on which) we worked on the farm. 我永远也不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那 些日子。 Qingdao is the place where (in which) I was born. 青岛是我的出生地。 This is the reason why (for which) he refused our offer. 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由。 2. 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词引导定语从句，代替先行词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语
4、等主要成分。 He is the man who/whom/ that I saw yesterday. （who/whom/that 在从句中作宾语） 他是昨天我见到的那个人。 2）whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同 of which 互换。 1）who, whom, that 指代人，who, that 在从句中可作主语、宾语；whom 在从句中作宾语。 Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that 在从句中作主语）他是你想要见的 Please pass me the book whose cover is gr
5、een/the cover of which is green.请递给我那本封面是绿色的书。 3）which, that 指代物，在从句中可作主语、宾语。 The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你正在搬的那个包裹快要散开了。 4）关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 Is he the man who wants to see you? 他是想要见你的那个人吗？ 3. 只能用 that 不能用 which 的情况。 1）先行词是 everything, not
6、hing, something, anything, all, little, much 等不定代词时。 He never read anything that was not worth reading. 他从不读任何不值得阅读的书。 2）先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very 等词修饰时。 Ive read all the books that you lent me.我已经读完了你借给我的所有书。 3）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。 It is the first American film
7、 of this kind that Ive ever seen.这是我看过的第一部这个种类的美国电影。 4）先行词由人和物共同组成时。 The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们都羡慕你和我谈论过的 这个科学家和他的成就 4. 关系代词 as 和 which 的用法区别。 1. as 一般放在句首或句中，which 置于句中。 2. as 可引导非限制性定语从句，常常有正如之意；which 可以表主从句之间的因果关系。 As we know, smoking is ha
8、rmful to ones health. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。 He was always late, which made his teacher very angry. 他总是迟到，这让他的老师非常生气。 【典例】 （2018 安顺中考）Only You is a TV program _ is popular with most young people. Yes, it is definitely true. A. that B. whose C. what D. who 【答案】A 一、一、用适当的关系代词填空。用适当的关系代词填空。 1. I prefer shoes _ a
9、re cool. 2. My necklace is not the only thing _ is missing. 3. These are the best stamps _ Kate has given me. 4. The building in _ you live is comfortable. 5. Is everything _ we need to do done? Yes. You neednt worry about it. 6. The man _ stands over there is my Chinese teacher. 7. I want to read a
10、ll the books _ were written by Guo Jingming. 8. The book _ has a red cover is a storybook. 二、二、用用who或或that填空。填空。 1. The man _ is talking with my mother is my father. 2. He is the only man _ wears a hat. 3. I know the man _ is a model worker. 4. I cant find a house _ is suitable for us to live. 5. Is
11、 there a zoo _ we can see tigers around here? 三、三、将下列各题中的两个句子合并为含有将下列各题中的两个句子合并为含有 that 或或 which 引导的定语从句的复合句。引导的定语从句的复合句。 1. The pot is very expensive. It was used by my mom yesterday. _ 2. The magazine is mine. You read it this morning. _ 3. The dog is cute. Tom is looking after it. _ 4. That is th
12、e most interesting film. She has seen the film. _ 四、四、选用选用 that, who, whom 或或 which 填空。填空。 1. The girl _ you saw at the meeting is a good swimmer. 2. The town _ we visited a few years ago is much larger than before. 3. April 1st is a day _ is called April Fools Day. 4. The girl _ often helps me with
13、 my English is from No. 8 Middle School. 五、单项选择。五、单项选择。 1. （2018 绥化中考）She is a teacher _ has much teaching experience. A. whose B. who C. whom 2. （2018 湖北黄冈中考） Class, you should be thankful to those people _ helped and supported you. We will. Miss Chen. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose 3. （2018 湖南郴州
14、中考）Do you know the student _ got an A in the English exam? Of course. She is my deskmate, Li Hong A. who B. whom C. whose 4. （2018 湖北咸宁中考）What do you think of the show Readers on CCTV? Its a great TV show _ expresses our true feelings by reading aloud in public. A. whom B. who C. whose D. that 5. （2
15、018 内蒙古通辽中考）Do you know the man _ is talking with our Chinese teacher? Yes. He is my uncle, Mr. King. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 6. （2018 青海西宁中考）Its time to say goodbye to my school. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. A. that B. what C. who D. when 7. （2018 山东临沂中考）My grandparents l
16、ike stories _ have happy endings. A. they B. who C. which D. / 8. （2018 河南中考） Anyone who is a server or _ has been one knows that customers always come first. A. whom B. what C. who D. which 六、句型转换。六、句型转换。 1. The girl is my cousin. The girl is wearing glasses. （改为定语从句） The girl _ wearing g1asses is
17、my cousin. 2. Zhai zhigang became the first Chinese astronaut to walk in space. (改为定语从句) Zhai zhigang became the first Chinese astronaut _ _ in space. 3. The girl with a flower in her hand is my sister. (改为含定语从句的复合句) The girl _ _ a flower in her hand is my sister. 4. Thats quite a beautiful house. I
18、 used to live in it. (合并成含有定语从句的复合句) The house _ I used to live in _ quite beautiful. 5. The man with a pair of glasses is my physics teacher. (改为定语从句) The man _ _ a pair of glasses is my physics teacher. 一、用适当的关系代词填空。一、用适当的关系代词填空。 1. which/that 2. that 3. that 4. which 5. that 6. who/that 7. that 8
19、. that /which 二、二、用用who或或that填空。填空。 1. who/that 2. that 3. who/that 4. that 5. that 三、三、将下列各题中的两个句子合并为含有将下列各题中的两个句子合并为含有 that 或或 which 引导的定语从句的复合句。引导的定语从句的复合句。 1. The pot that / which was used by my mom yesterday is very expensive. 2. The magazine (that / which) you read this morning is mine. 3. The
20、 dog (that / which) Tom is looking after is cute. 4. That is the most interesting film (that) she has seen. 四、选用四、选用 that, who, whom 或或 which 填空。填空。 1. who/whom/that 2. which/that 3. which/that 4. who/that 五、单项选择。五、单项选择。 3. A【解析】句意：你认识在英语考试中得 A 的那个学生吗？当然，她是我同桌，李红。这是定语 从句结构，先行词是 the student，引导词在从句中作主
21、语，所以用 who；故选 A。 4. D【解析】句意：你对中央电视台的节目朗读者有什么看法？这是一个很棒的电视节目，通 过公开朗读来表达我们的真实感受。A. whom 关系代词，可以引导定语从句，先行词是人，在从句中 只能作宾语；B. who 关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词是人，在从句中作主语；C. whose 先行词是人 或物，在定语从句中作定语；D. that 先行词是人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。此句的先行词为 TV show，指物，因此引导词要用关系代词 that，在定语从句中作主语，故答案为 D。 5. B【解析】句意：你知道那个和我们的语文老师谈话的人吗？是的，他是我的叔叔，K
22、ing 先生。 which 引导定语从句，是关系代词，先行词为物；who 引导定语从句，关系代词，先行词为人，在从 句中作主语或者宾语； whom 是关系代词， 引导定语从句， 先行词是人， 在从句中只能作宾语； whose. 的。根据句子结构可知，这里是一个定语从句，先行词是 the man，故排除 A；定语从句中缺少主语， 故应选 B。 6. A【解析】句意：到了和我的学校说再见的时候了，我将永远不会忘记我们在一起度过的那些日子。that 引导定语从句，是关系代词，在从句中作主语或者宾语；what 什么，不能引导定语从句；who 谁，先 行词是人；when 什么时候，引导定语从句，是关系副
23、词，在从句中作状语。根据句子结构可知，这里 是一个定语从句，先行词是 the days，故先排除 B 和 C。在从句中谓语动词 spent 后缺少宾语，故应用 关系代词，故选 A。 7. C【解析】句意：我爷爷奶奶喜欢有快乐结局的故事。考查定语从句。先行词 stories（故事）表示物，需 用关系代词 that 或 which，引导词同时做从句的主语，根据句意结构，故选 C。 8. C【解析】本题考查定语从句。or 表示并列，who is a sever 是一个定语从句，先行词是 anyone，所以 or 后面的定语从句的先行词也是 anyone，在从句里面作主语，所以答案选 C。 六、句型转换。六、句型转换。 1. who/that is 2. that walked 3. who/that has/holds 4. which, is 5. who/that wears/has