1、2 2名词的数名词的数 可数名词在应用时有单数与复数的区别, 表示一个用单数, 两个以上用复数。 名词复数形式是在单数名词后加-s 或-es 构成的。另外,表示不可数名词的量, 用容器的量来表示,即单位+of +物质名词的形式,如 a cup of coffee(一杯咖啡)。 名词的数名词的数 单数 a bird(一只鸟) an egg(一个蛋) 复数 three birds(三只鸟) many eggs(许多蛋) 1.单数单数 英语中,如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时,要用名词的单 数形式,表示名词的单数,要在名词前加冠词 a 或 an。 This is a desk . 这是一
2、张书桌。 There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子 an new orange () a new orange () 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk () an old desk () 一张旧课桌 a 和和 an 的使用区别的使用区别 a 加在以辅音开头的名词前,如 a book,a pen。 an 加在以元音开头的名词前,如 an egg,an apple。 注意注意 有时 a,an 后面紧接的不是单数名词,而是 a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。这 时判断用 a 还是 an 来表示一个的概念时,
3、要看形容词开头字母的发音,而不 是看名词。 2.复数复数 英语中,如果要表示两本书、三个学生、四把椅子这些两个或两个以上的概 念时,要用名词的复数形式,名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s 或-es 构成的。 These are books. 这些是书。 There are many tomatoes on the table. 桌上有一些西红柿。 2.名词复数的构成法名词复数的构成法 规则变化 单数复数 book(书)books dish(盘子)dishes city(城市)cities knife(小刀)knives 不规则变化 单数复数 man(男人)men foot(脚)feet
4、child(小孩)children fish(鱼)fish 1.规则变化的复数形式规则变化的复数形式 a.一般情况下加-s girlgirls bookbooks penpens bagbags b.以 s,x,ch,sh,o 结尾的加-es busbuses boxboxes watchwatches tomatotomatoes brushbrushes 例外 radioradios pianopianos photophotos c.以辅音字母加 y 结尾的单词把 y 变成 i 加-es citycities countrycountries 注意注意 以元音字母+y 结尾的名词单数变复
5、数时,y 不变,直接加 s。如:daydays d.以 f 或 fe 结尾的,去掉 f 或 fe,变 v 加 es leafleaves lifelives knifeknives 例外 roofroofs 2.不规则变化的复数形式不规则变化的复数形式 a.元音发生变化 manmen womanwomen footfeet toothteeth mousemice b.词尾发生变化 childchildren c.单数、复数形式相同 fishfish JapaneseJapanese deerdeer sheepsheep ChineseChinese 注意 这些词是可数名词,且单复数形式相同
6、,所以可以写为: This is a fish. These are fish. 另外,fish 作为鱼肉讲时是不可数的。 There is much fish on the plate. 3.复数词尾复数词尾 s 或或 es 的读音方法的读音方法 情况 读法 例词 在p t kf等清辅音后 s cups,hats,cakes,roofs 在s z tf f 3等音后 iz glasses,faces,horses,brushes,peaches 其他情况下 z beds,days,cities,knives 注意 可数名词表示复数时,可以和 few,a few,many,a large nu
7、mber of,a lot of,lots of,plenty of 连用。 3 物质名词量的表示方法物质名词量的表示方法 Will you have a cup of coffee? 你要不要喝一杯咖啡? 物质名词是不可数名词,表示物质名词的量,可以用以下两种方法: 1.用用 much,a little,a lot of 等表示多少等表示多少 There is much water in the glass. 杯子里有一些水。 I have a little money. 我有一些钱。 注意 表示不可数名词量的词语, 如 some, a lot of , much, a little ,li
8、ttle ,lots of ,plenty of 。 2.用容器表示用容器表示 a cup of tea 一杯茶 a glass of water 一杯水 a bottle of orange 一瓶橘汁 a piece of paper 一张纸 a slice of bread 一片面包 如要表示两杯茶、四张纸这类概念时,在容器后加复数,如: two cups of tea 两杯茶 four pieces of paper 四张纸 three glasses of water 三杯水 名词的数名词的数 练习题练习题 1. The commander said that two_ would b
9、e sent to the Iraqi front the next day. A. womens doctor B. women doctors C. womens doctors D. women doctor 【答案】B 【解析】复合名词的复数中含有构词成分 man / woman 时,将变为 men / women, 且所修饰的名词也要变成复数。 2. Look! The police _ here to keep order! Go away quickly, one of them shouted. A. is coming B. comes C. are coming D. ha
10、s come 【答案】C 【解析】特殊类群体名词 police / cattle 做主语时,谓语动词用复数;警察个体 用 policeman / policewoman;牛的个体用 a head of cattle。 3. She could not speak English, but made her wishes known by means of _. A. signs B. sighs C. movements D. words 【答案】A 【解析】signs 指手势,还可用 our expressions 和 gesture 等 body movements 来 表达思想。sigh
11、 意为叹息,words 与前半句矛盾。 4. In my opinion, what he told us just now about the affair simply doesnt make any _. A. idea B. meaning C. sense D. point 【答案】C 【解析】make sense 是习语,意为有道理、意义清楚。 5. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _. A.
12、intention B. attempt C. purpose D. desire 【答案】B 【解析】比较:attempt=尝试,企图;intention=意图;purpose=目的;desire=欲望。 6. _ food is kept in his new cave, but at last Saddam was still arrested. A. Large quantities of B. A great deal of C. A large number of D. Quite a few 【答案】B 【解析】记住:a large / great / good quantity
13、 / amount of +复数名词或不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数;large / great / good quantities / amounts of +复数名词或不可数名 词,谓语动词用复数。 7. Lets try operating the machine right now. Wait. Better read the _first. A. Instructions B. explanations C. information D. introduction 【答案】A 【解析】instructions 说明书(常用复数),explanation 解释、说明。 8.The res
14、t of the magazines_ within half an hour. A. is sold out B. was sold out C. were sold out D. are sold out 【答案】C 【解析】 Most of / Half of / Part of / part of +名作主语,谓语与 of 后面的名词保持一 致。本题中 magazines 是可数名词复数,故谓语动词用复数。 9. Youd have more _of catching the train if you took a bus to the station instead of walki
15、ng. A. opportunity B. chance C. time D. energy 【答案】B 【解析】表示机会时,opportunity 和 chance 两者均可;但表示可能性时,只 能用 chance。 10.The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses_ much if people leave things_ they are. A. doesnt change; as B. arent changed; like C. dont change; like D. dont change; as 【答案】A 【解析】The
16、 number of + 名词复数,谓语常用单数;A. number of + 名词复数, 谓语常用复数。 11. I knew I shouldnt accept anything from such a person, but I found it difficult to turn down his _. A. offer B. suggestion C. request D. plan 【答案】A 【解析】表示主动提供的东西,用 offer。 12._it is to gather with President Bush at such a special Thanksgiving D
17、ay in Iraq! A. what a fun B. what fun C. how fun D. what joy 【答案】B 【解析】抽象名词表泛指时一般不与冠词连用。 13. Oh., John_ you gave us! A. How a great surprise B. how pleasant surprise C. what a pleasant surprise D. what pleasant surprise 【答案】C 【解析】抽象名词有前置或后置修饰语时,前面用不定冠词,使之具体化; 如: A. happy life / a good education in t
18、hat university / a wide knowledge of nature 14 He is_ as a leader but he hasnt_ in teaching. A. success; many experiences B. a success; much experience C. great success; an experience D. a great success; a lot of experiences 【答案】A 【解析】表具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人和事;如:She is a success in cause but a failure in marriage.(成功者、失败者) 15 Who did you spend last weekend with? _. A. Palmers B. The Palmers C. The Palmers D. The Palmers 【答案】C 【解析】表示 Palmer 一家人,指一家人时常用 the +姓氏的复数。