1、12018-2019 学年度上学期开学考试英 语注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节 （共 5 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳答案。听完每段对话后，你都有
2、10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A 19.15. B9.18. C9.15.答案是 C。1. When will the man meet John?ATonight BTomorrow CThe day after tomorrow2. What is the possible relationship between the speakers?AWaitress and customer BCook and waiter CHusband and wife3. What will the man do next
3、?ASearch for his room key BGo to the front desk CChange his ID card4. Why does the man telephone the reservation office? ATo cancel his flight BTo confirm his flight CTo book a ticket5. What does the woman advise the man to do?2APay extra money BDrop the lessons CContinue learning第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5
4、 分，满分 22.5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。6. Why doesnt the woman like to work in the animal hospital?A. She is not fond of animals. B. She doesnt like the smell of medicine.C. She thinks its too
5、 boring and tiring.7. When will the woman help clean up the park?A. On Saturday. B. On Thursday. C. On Monday.听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题。8. What did Mr. Ewing ask the speakers to do?A. Arrive at the conference centre on time. B. Talk with the branch office workers.C. Help out at the conference centre.9.
6、How will the speakers go to the conference centre?A. By asking Mr. Ewing for a lift. B. By driving the mans car. C. By taking the underground.10. What do we know about the woman?A. She cant drive a car. B. She isnt sure about the way. C. She doesnt like to travel alone.听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。11. Wha
7、t are the speakers mainly talking about?A. The mans sports life. 3B. The mans medical history. C. The mans school experience.12. What made the mans leg broken?A. A football game. B. A wild cat. C. A traffic accident.13. What does the man say about himself?A. He is afraid of cats.B. He left the schoo
8、l team at the age of 17.C. Dust could make him sneeze.听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 16 题。14. What does the woman probably do?A. A swimmer. B. A boxer. C. A footballer.15. What does the woman do after lunch?A. Have a break. B. Get back to the pool. C. Do track work and body exercises.16. How does the woman spend
9、 her most nights?A. Dancing at a club. B. Chatting online. C. Going to bed early.听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。17. Who helped the students organize the show?A. The art teacher. B. The maths teacher. C. All the teachers.18. What was the money raised for?A. More books. B. More computers. C. Some lights.19.
10、Where did the students find the useful information?A. In magazines. B. On websites. C. From books.20. What was everybody asked to wear at the beginning?A. A hat. B. A jacket. C. A dress.4第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分)第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AUniversity Room Regulati
11、onsApproved and Prohibited ItemsThe following items are approved for use in residential(住宿的)rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players. Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and
12、wireless routers. Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.Access to Residential RoomsStudents are provided with a combination(组合密码)for their room door locks upon check-in. Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone. The Office of Residen
13、ce Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others. The fee is $25 to change a room combination.Cooking PolicyStudents living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the
14、kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven(微波炉 ) to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.Pet PolicyNo pets exce
15、pt fish are permitted in student rooms. Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, are subject to an initial fine of $100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet. Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect. If, one week from the date of written
16、 notice, the pet is not 5removed, the student is referred to the Student Court.Quiet HoursResidential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the University. Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11:00 pm to 8:00 am Sunday through Thursday. Quiet hours
17、on Friday and Saturday nights are 1:00 am to 8:00 am. Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of $25.21. Which of the following items are allowed in student rooms?A. Ceiling fans and waterbeds. B. Wireless routers and radios.C. Hair dryers and candles. D. TVs and electric blankets.22.
18、 What do we know about the cooking policy?A. A microwave oven can be used.B. Cooking in student rooms is permitted.C. A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen.D. Students are to close kitchen doors after cooking.23. If a student has kept a cat in his room for a week since the warning, he will face .
19、A. parent visits B. a fine of $100C. the Student Court D. a written noticeBMy First Marathon（马拉松）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th ye
20、ar in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didnt do either well. He later informed me that I was not athletic.The idea that I wasnot athleticstuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against my
21、self, not about competition or 6whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly aft
22、er crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running
23、again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the
24、 same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a marathon winner.24. A month before the marathon, the author _.A. was well trained B. felt scared C. made up his mind to run D. lost h
25、ope25. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher. B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.C. To show he was not talented in sports. D. To share a precious memory.26. How was the authors first marathon?A. He made it. B. He quit halfway.C
26、. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end.27. What does the story mainly tell us?7A. A man owes his success to his family support. B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.C. Failure is the mother of success. D. One is never too old to learn. CTheres a new frontier in 3D printing thats
27、 beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isnt stopping there.Food productionWith a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedd
28、ing cake. Not everybody can do that it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same,” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it ser
29、ves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.Sustainability(可持续性)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printin
30、g could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock “food“ that
31、lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.NutritionFuture 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional c
32、ontent, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece 8of yesterdays bread from the supermarket, youd eat something baked just for you on demand.”ChallengesDespite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a pa
33、ste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some expe
34、rts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.28. What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?A. It helps cooks to create new dishes. B. It saves time and effort in cooking.C. It improves the cookin
35、g conditions. D. It contributes to restaurant decorations.29. What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraphs 3?A. It solves food shortages easily. B. It quickens the transportation of food.C. It needs no space for the storage of food. D. It uses renewable materials as sources of food.30. A
36、ccording to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food _.A. is more available to consumers B. can meet individual nutritional needsC. is more tasty than food in supermarkets D. can keep all the nutrition in raw materials31. What could be the best title of the passage?A. 3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology
37、B. A New Way to Improve 3D Food PrintingC. The Challenges for 3D Food Production D. 3D Food Printing: From Farm to 9TableDHollywoods theory that machines with evil(邪恶的) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI
38、) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a wellknown mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfe
39、re(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not inborn,
40、 nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own
41、off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard. The possibility of entering
42、into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work
43、: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super 10intelligent machines.
44、 But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teamsyet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intellige
45、nt machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.
46、” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutroninduced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.32. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may _Arun out of human control Bsatisfy humans real desiresCcommand armies of killer robots Dwork faster than a mathematician3
47、3. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to _Aprevent themselves from being destroyed Bachieve their original goals independentlyCdo anything successfully with given orders Dbeat humans in international chess matches34. According to some
48、researchers, we can use firewalls to _Ahelp super intelligent machines work better Bbe secure against evil human beingsCkeep machines from being harmed Davoid robots affecting the world35. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?AIt will disappear with the development of AI.BIt will get worse with human interference.CIt will be solved but with difficulty.DIt will stay for a decade.第二节 (共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) 11根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Recently, Ive been following a simple rule that is helping me crush procras