1、阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧 一中考阅读理解的主要考查方式：主观题型和客观题型 1.主观题型 2.客观题型的题目设置： 、细节题；考查文章中有关事情发生的具体细节的题目，如：时间、地点、人物、事件经过、方式、结 果等； 、概括题；从文章的整体层面上设置的一类综合性题目，如：为文章选择一个恰当的题目、推测本文作 者想要表达的中心思想以及写作目的等； 、推测题；主要出题形式有根据文章的上下文，猜测某一个单词或者短语在该情景中的具体含义，根据 所给的部分文章内容，推测文章的结尾等 二考查文章的体裁：记叙文、说明文、应用文，有时也会考议论文等 三中考阅读理解的解题技巧 1.审视
2、标题，抓住中心 2.浏览全文，掌握全貌 （快速通读全文，尤其是首两段） 3.细读题目，抓住要点 （带着问题去看文章，进行选择或判断答案；要善亍找关键句，特别要注意文章的 第一段和最后一段的头一句话，往往就是关键句，可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主题） 4.细读文章，掌握细节 （可边读边用铅笔做些记彔，把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因（即五个 W：who， what， when， where， why）划出来） 5.理解大意，初选答案 (应在文中找出依据，把答案代入文中，再确定正误） 6.复读全文，核对答案 （对照题目，推测判断，确保理解无误） 7.瞻前顾后，首尾突破 （抓住首尾，迎刃
3、而解） 四阅读理解各类题型的特点 (一)主旨题 主旨题可分为文章主旨和段落主旨两种。 该类题型在历年题型中出现的频率极高，每年必出。命题模 式如下： 1文章主旨题 (1)What is the main idea of this passage? (2)This passage is mainly about _ ? (3)What is the best title of this passage? (4)What is the authors main purpose in the passage? (5)The passage was written to explain_ . (6)F
4、rom the passage we can learn (infer) that _. 2. 段落主旨题 (1)What does the first （second，third）paragraph mainly discuss？ (2)From the first (2nd, 3rd, 4th，etc) paragraph, we can learn that _ . 主旨题的特点 无论是在段落中还是在文章中，是明显还是隐蔽，主旨的提出主要有四种情况。 (1)首段或首句开门见山指出中心或讨论的问题。 (2)文章中间或段落中间给出中心。 (3)文章末段或段落末句对全文或全段进行总结归纳，得出
5、中心思想。 (4)文章或段落中丌明确给出中心，考生要根据各段中心或各句的内容进行总结，自己推出主旨。 (二) 作者观点题和态度题 此类题型可细分为作者态度题（表明作者的好恶）和作者观点题（表明作者对某事物的观点）。题干中 的关键词或词组有 attitude，opinion，tone 等等。其命题模式如下。 1作者态度题 (1)What is the tone (mood) of the passage? (2)From the text we can see that the writer seems_. (3)The authors main thought is that_. (4)Whi
6、ch of the following can best describe the attitude of the author? 2作者观点题 (1)what does the writer think of? (2)According to the author, _ . (3)In the authors opinion,_. (4)What is the authors opinion (idea) about? (5)The author thinks (believes, suggests) that_. (6)In the authors eyes_. (三)词义/句意题 词义题
7、的考查有两种：一是超纲词含义的推断，另一个是熟词僻义或是在特定场合的意思。其命题模式 如下： (1)what does the underlined word “”mean? (2)The underlined phrase (word, sentence) “” most probably means _ . (3)The phrase (word, sentence) suggests_. (4)From the passage, we can infer that the word “”is_. (5)According to passage, what is “”_？ (6)When
8、the author says that, he means _. 分类训练分类训练 细节识别题细节识别题 【训练【训练 1】 Once there was a king who never ate a meal unless there was a fish with it, but one day there was a big storm and the fishermen were not able to go out to catch fish, so the king had no breakfast and no lunch. Then he ordered his servan
9、ts to tell everybody in his capital that if anyone brought him a fish, he would give him anything that he asked for. At last, a fisherman caught a big fish late in the afternoon and hurried to the kings palace with it. But the kings prime minister would not let him in until he promised to give him h
10、alf of whatever the king gave him for the fish. The king was very happy when he saw the fish. To his surprise, the fisherman said, “I want you to beat me twenty times with s stick.” When the king had hit him ten times, the fisherman jumped away and said, “That is enough for me. I promised the other
11、ten times to your prime minister.” Then he told the king what had happened between the prime minister and the ten hits. The king was very angry. He not only gave the prime minister ten hits, but also said,“Because you have been dishonest, you will not be my prime minister any more. The fisherman wil
12、l take your place.” 1. The king did not have breakfast and lunch because _. A. there was a big storm B. the prime minister didnt bring him food C. there was no fish D. his servants didnt know how to cook well 2. The fisherman took his fish to the kings palace because _ A. the king had promised to gi
13、ve him anything he wanted B. the king was dying from hunger C. he wanted to teach the prime minister a lesson D. he wanted to be the prime minister 3. When the fisherman told the king what he wanted, the king _. A. was very angry B. was very surprised C. was very angry D. gave him what he wanted at
14、once 4. Which statements is true? A. The king wanted to make the fisherman king B. The king had nothing to eat for a whole day C. The king ate a dish of fish every day D. The king was hungry when the fisherman came. 5. The king got rid of（除掉）the prime minister because _ A. the fisherman was cleverer
15、 than his prime minister B. the prime minister did not know how to catch fish C. the prime minister was not an honest man D. the prime minister took half of what the king gave the fisherman 【训练【训练 2】 In the sea there are many islands. In its warm waters there are some little ones. We call them “Cora
16、l Islands “(珊瑚岛). A coral island is very nice to look at. It looks like a ring of land(一圈陆地) with trees, grass, and flowers on it. One part of the ring is open to the water. There is a little round lake inside the island. If you look into this lake, you will see beautiful coral. You may think they a
17、re flowers. If you look at a piece of coral, you will see many little holes in it. In each of these holes a very small sea animal has lived. These sea animals make the coral. They began to build under the water. Year after year, the coral grew higher and higher. At last it grew out of the water. The
18、n the sea brought to it small trees and something else. After some years, these things changed into earth. Sometimes the wind brought seeds to this earth. Sometimes birds flew over it and brought seeds(种子) to the island. The little seeds grew. In a few years there were plants all over the island. In
19、 a few more years there were trees growing there. So you see, these islands were built little by little. The workers were very small. Do they not teach us a lesson? Can you think what the lesson is? 1. In the sea _. A. there are coral islands in all place B. there are some coral islands C. the water
20、 is always warm D. we can see many flowers 2. A coral island looks like _. A. a round cake B. trees, grass and flowers C. a ring of land D. a round lake 3. There are _in the holes in corals. A. flowers B. little corals C. grass D. sea animals 4. How did seeds of trees, grass and flowers come to the
21、coral islands?_. A. The wind and birds brought them to the coral islands B. Only the wind brought them there C. People brought them there D. Fishes brought them there 5. From the story we learn that _. A. small workers cant do big things B. only big workers can do big things C. small workers can do
22、big things if they work hard and work a long time D. all small things can do big things 主旨大意题主旨大意题 【训练【训练 1】 A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present. On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office, a street urchin was walking around the shinin
23、g car. “Is this your car, Paul?” he asked. Paul answered,” Yes, my brother gave it to me for Christmas.” The boy was surprised.” You mean your brother gave it to you and it didnt cost you anything. Boy, I wish ” He hesitated. Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for. He was going to wish he
24、 had a brother like that. But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly. “I wish,” the boy went on,” that I could be a brother like that.” Paul looked at the boy in surprise, then he said again,” Would you like to take a ride in my car?” “Oh, yes, Id love that.” After a short ride, the boy turned and
25、 with his eyes shining, said,” Paul, would you mind driving in front of my house?” Paul smiled a little. He thought he knew what the boy wanted. He wanted to show his neighbours that he could ride home in a big car. But Paul was wrong again.” Will you stop where those two steps are?” the boy asked.
26、He ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled brother. He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car. “There she is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it
27、didnt cost him a cent. And some day Im going to give you one just like itThen you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas window that Ive been trying to tell you about.” Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed brother climbed in beside him and
28、 there of them began an unforgettable holiday ride. 1. The street urchin was very surprised when _. A. Paul received an expensive car B. Paul told him about the car C. he saw the shining car D. he was walking around the car 2. From the story we can see the urchin _. A. wished to give his brother a c
29、ar B. wanted Pauls brother to give him a car C. wished he could have a brother like Pauls D. wished Paul could be a brother like that 3. The urchin asked Paul to stop his car in front of his house _. A. to show his neighbours the big car B. to show he had a rich friend C. to let his brother ride in
30、the car D. to tell his brother about his wish 4. We can infer (推断) from the story that _. A. Paul couldnt understand the urchin B. the urchin had a deep love for his brother C. the urchin wished to have a rich brother D. the urchins wish came true in the end 5. The best title of the story is _. A. A
31、 Christmas Present B. A Street Urchin C. A Brother Like That D. A Unforgettable Holiday Ride 【训练【训练 2】 In Canada you can find dogs, cat, houses etc.(等等) in almost every family. These are their pets(宠物).People love these pets and regard them as(把当成) their good friends. Before they keep them at their
32、houses, they take them to animal hospitals to give them needles so that they wont carry disease (疾病). They have special(特殊的) animal food stores, though they can get animal food in almost every store. Some people spend around two hundred Canadian dollars a month on animal food. When you visit peoples
33、 homes, they would be very glad to show you their pets and they are very proud of them. You will also find almost every family has a bird feeder(喂食 器) in their garden. All kinds of birds are welcomed to come and have a good meal. They are free to come and go and nobody is allowed to kill any animals
34、 in Canada. They have a law against killing wild (野生的)animals. If you killed an animal, you would be punished (处罚). If an animal happened to get run over by a car, people would be very sad about it. People in Canada have many reasons to like animals. One of them might be: their family tie is not as
35、close as ours. When children grow up, they leave their parents and start their own career (事 业). Then the seniors(老人) will feel lonely. But pets can solve (解决)this problem. They can be good friends and never leave them alone. 1. This passage shows that Canadians _. A. hate animals B. often kill anim
36、als C. love animals D. dont keep their pets inside their houses 2. Children leave their parents when they grow up because _. A. they dont love their parents any more B. they can only find jobs far from their parents C. their parents houses are too small D. it is not acceptable(能接受的) to live together
37、 with their parents when they grow up 3. They give their pets needles before keeping them at their houses because _. A. the pets are sick B. the pets are wild C. they want to stop them from carrying disease D. they want them to sleep on the way home 4. Which is correct according to the passage ? A.
38、People buy animal food for their pets only at the animal food store B. Pets eat better than people C. Almost every family has a birdcage at his house D. Any birds can come to the bird feeders to eat 5. The passage is mainly written about _. A. how to keep disease from pets B. pets in Canada C. how t
39、o take good care of pets D. life of the seniors in Canada 推测判断题推测判断题 【训练【训练 1】 “Did you know”, Randys teacher asked,” that many of the things we throw away can be used again? Using old papers, cans, and bottles to make new things is called recycling.” The class decided to set up their own recycling
40、centre. They made some big boxes, painted (油 漆) them and set them out near the school. Red boxes were for bottles and blue ones were for cans. Others were for newspaper. Students and their families put garbage(垃圾) in the boxes. When the boxes were full, trucks came and took the garbage to factories.
41、 There, it was used to make new bottles, cans, and newspaper. The factories even paid the class for the garbage. 1. The writer mainly（主要地）tells us that _. A. old things should be kept well B. red boxes are for bottles and blue ones are for cans C. many old things can be used to make new things D. ga
42、rbage boxes should be set out near the school 2. The underlined word “recycling “ means _. A. 分类处理 B. 收集归类 C. 综合利用 D. 回收再用 3. Which of the following is true? A. The class made some color boxes for different kinds of garbage B. The students took the garbage to factories themselves C. They found doing
43、 this job was more interesting than having classes D. Everyone was paid for this job 4. In which order did the following happen? a. Painting the boxes b. Setting up a class recycling centre c. Setting the boxes out near the school d. Making some big boxes A. a-c-b-d B. d-a-b-c C. c-a-d-b D. b-d-a-c 5. From this passage we know _. A. how the teacher taught the class B. how the students painted the boxes C. how the class did this job D. how the factories did with the garbage