1、20212021 高考高考英语复习英语复习之真题重点之真题重点词汇短语词汇短语及练习及练习（五五） 20142014 年全国卷年全国卷 I I 阅读理解阅读理解 B B 篇重点单词、语块篇重点单词、语块 1. pigeon pdn n. 鸽子 2. passenger pigeons 旅鸽 3. unbelievable nbli:vbl adj.难以置信的 4. account kant n. 描述；叙述 5. written accounts 书面记述；文献 6. describe dskrab vt. 描述 7. flock flk n. (鸟)群 8. darken d:kn vt.
2、使变暗 9. calculate klkjulet vt. 计算；估算 10. population ppjulenn. （动物的）总数 11. billion bljn n. 十亿 12.(be) equal to 等于；相当于 13.percent psent n. 百分之 14. abundant bndnt adj. 丰富的；充足的 15. as late as 1870 直到 1870 年 16. mile mal n. 英里 17. kilometer klmi:t(r) n. 千米 18. abundance bndnsn. 大量；充裕 19. undoing ndu:n. 毁灭
3、的原因 20. everlasting evl:st adj. 永恒的；无 穷无尽的 21. supply spla n.供应；提供 22. commercial km:ladj. 商业的 23. hunter hnt(r) n. 猎人 24. attract trkt vt. 吸引 25. clearing klr n.林中空地 26. grain gren n. 谷物 27. settle setl vi. 降落 28. throw nets 撒网 29. at a time 一次 30. decade deked n. 十年 31. the closing decades of the
4、19th century 19 世纪最后的几十年 32. the hardwood forests 硬木森林 33. nest nest vi. 筑巢；巢居 34. damage dmdvt. 毁坏；破坏 35. scatter skt(r) vt. 驱散 36. force sb. to do sth.迫使某人做某事 37. temperature temprt(r)n. 气温 38. contribute kntrbju:t to 促成 39. decline dklan n. 减少，下降 40. prohibit prhbt vt. 禁止 41. sizable sazbl adj. 相
5、当大的 42. confirm knf:m vt. 证实 43. shoot u:t vt. 射杀 44. county kanti n. 县 45. for a time 有一段较短的时期 46. survive svav vi. 生存；存活 47. under human care 在人类的照料下 48. (be) known as 被称为 49. affectionately fekntli adv. 亲切地 50. zoological zldkladj. 动物学的 课后练习（一）课后练习（一） Passenger pigeons (旅鸽)once flew over much of
6、the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks (群)so large that they the sky for hours. It was calculated that when it population reached its highest point ,they were more than 3billlion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percen
7、t of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly the abundance of
8、 passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands, Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over
9、 them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century ,the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood, which scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go far
10、ther north, where cold temperatures and storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again. In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The l
11、ast confirmed wi pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time , a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914. 1. In the 18th and early 19teh centuries,
12、 passenger pigeons_. A. were the biggest bird in the world B. lived mainly in the south of America C. did great harm to the natural environment D. were the largest bird population in the Us 2. The underlined word “ undoing” probably refers to the pigeons _. A. escape B. ruin C. liberation D. evoluti
13、on 3. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons? A. To seek pleasure. B. To save other birds. C. To make money. D. To protect crops. 4. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan? A. It was ignored by the public. B. It was declared too late. C. It was unfair. D. It was st
14、rict. 参考答案：参考答案：DBCDDBCD 课后练习（二）课后练习（二） For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity. Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, fa
15、r less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health. To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. The
16、y tested the mens fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue. Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before
17、 one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking. Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists t
18、ook additional samples of the mens blood and fat tissue. Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned m
19、ore fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡 路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting. But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the rese
20、archers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These
21、 genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted. The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first. 1.The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably
22、 means “_”. A.digest the meal easily B.manage without breakfast C.decide wisely what to eat D.eat whatever is offered 2.Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment? A.Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people. B.Their lack of exercise led to overweight. C.They could walk at an average sp
23、eed. D.They had slow metabolic rates. 3.What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise? A.They successfully lost weight. B.They consumed a bit more calories. C.They burned more fat on average. D.They displayed higher insulin levels. 4.What could be learned from the research? A.A workout after breakfast improves gene performances. B.Too much workout often slows metabolic rates. C.Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise. D.Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health. 答案答案 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D