1、Grammar and usageSentence elements and sentence structures 语法感知 感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题 1Today is the start of a new term. 2Over the next three years，you will discover your potential. 3Senior high school will help you learn and grow. 4I cant wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like. 5As
2、a senior high school student，you must take the central role in your own education by being an active and responsible student. 6.while you develop as a student and as a person. 7There is a lot to do after class too. 1句 1 中 Today 是主语；the start of a new term 是表语。句 1 结构为：主语系动词表语。 2句 2 中 you 是主语；will dis
3、cover 是谓语；your potential 是宾语。句 2 结构为：主语谓 语宾语。 3句 3 中 Senior high school 是主语；will help 是谓语；you 是宾语；learn and grow 是宾语补 足语。句 3 结构为：主语谓语宾语宾补。 4句 4 中 I 是主语；cant wait 是谓语；you 是间接宾语；what senior high school life is like 是直接宾语。句子结构为：主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语。 5句 5 中 you 是主语；must take 是谓语；the central role 是宾语；in your own
4、 education 是定 语； by being an active and responsible student 是状语。 句 5 结构为： 主语谓语宾语状语。 6句 6 中 you 是主语；develop 是谓语；as a student and as a person 是状语。句子结构为：主 语谓语状语。 7句 7 是存现句：引导词 there 引导的句子。 语法精析 一、句子成分 句子是表达思想的基本单位，主要的句子成分(sentence elements) 有主语(S)、谓语(V)、 宾语(O)、补语(C)、状语(A)、表语(P)、定语(Attr.)等。具体如下： 1主语(sub
5、ject)：指句子所谈论的主体。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、 主语从句和短语等来担任。 Your attitude towards my plan is very important. 你对我计划的态度非常重要。 To persuade her to change her mind is really very hard. 说服她改变主意确实很难。 Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 2谓语(verb)：谓语又称为“谓词”，指谓语部分的主要动词，通常说明主语所做的动作或 主语的特征和状态。 Each student in our class works very
6、 hard.(简单谓语) 我们班的每个学生学习都很努力。 The child could dress himself at the age of three.(复合谓语) 这个小孩三岁就会自己穿衣服了。 3宾语(object)：通常指动作的对象。有的动词后面可以接两个宾语，通常把其中表示人的 宾语称为间接宾语(indirect object)，把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)。 The old man gave the child some nice books. 老人给了这个孩子一些好书。 I will buy a new coat for my mother. 我要
7、给妈妈买一件外套。 4 补语(complement)： 补语分为主语补语(subject complement)和宾语补语(object complement)， 用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。 Later I found that person very critical. 后来我发现那个人非常挑剔。 The young man was caught smoking in the kitchen. 有人撞见那个年轻人在厨房里吸烟。 5状语(adverbial)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。 The boss tried to treat all the employees equal
8、ly. 这位老板尽量对所有员工一视同仁。 Fortunately，the children were found near the village. 幸运的是，这些孩子在村子附近被找到了。 6表语(predicative)：指连系动词后面的成分，通常说明主语的身份、特征或状态。常见的 连系动词有 be，become，feel，get，look，seem 等。 The days are getting longer and longer. 白天变得越来越长。 It is amazing that the little child can speak four languages.这个小孩会说四种
9、语言，真令人惊讶。 7定语(attributive)：修饰名词或代词。 There are various goods in this supermarket. 这个超市里有各种各样的货物。 The girl is eager for an opportunity to join the club. 这个女孩渴望有机会加入这个俱乐部。 二、句子结构 常见的句子结构(sentence structures)有以下八种： 1主谓：主语谓语(SV) 在这个结构中， 谓语动词是不及物动词， 能表达完整的意思。 后面不接宾语， 但可以接副词、 介词短语、状语从句等。 Our knowledge of t
10、he disease has advanced over recent years.近年来我们对这种病的了解深 入多了。 The last moment finally came.最后时刻终于到来了。 2主系表：主语连系动词表语(SVP) 在这个结构中，谓语动词必须是系动词；表语多为形容词，也可为名词、代词、副词、数词、 介词短语、不定式、分词及表语从句等。 His present life is really tough. 他现在的生活确实艰难。 The girls favorite subject is biology. 这个女孩最喜欢的科目是生物学。 3主谓宾：主语谓语宾语(SVO) 在
11、这个结构中，谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，后面必须接宾语。充当宾语的 通常是名词(动名词)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)及宾语从句等。 The young teacher tried to realize the students potential . 这个年轻老师尽量发掘学生的潜力。 My brother aimed to become a famous director. 我哥哥力争成为著名导演。 4主谓宾宾：主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语(SVOO) 在这个结构中，谓语动词是及物动词，后接两个宾语，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。当把 直接宾语放到间接宾语之前时，间接宾语前应加适当的
12、介词。 We decided to teach him a lesson. 我们决定给他一个教训。 The wise manager offered me a good job. 这位明智的经理给我提供了一份好的工作。 5主谓宾补：主语谓语宾语宾语补足语(SVOC) 在这个结构中，谓语动词是及物动词，后面接宾语和宾语补足语。充当补语的可以是名词、 形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词(短语)等。 I opened the door and found him in the room. 我打开门，发现他在房间里。 After the accident，I found the man very re
13、sponsible . 在这起事故之后，我发现这个人非常负责任。 When I turned around，I saw him standing there. 我转过身，看见他正站在那里。 6主谓状：主语谓语状语(SVA) All the students are working hard now. 现在所有学生学习都很努力。 The trees on this hill grow very well. 这座山上的树生长得很好。 7主谓宾状：主语谓语宾语状语(SVOA) He reminded me of that matter so often. 他经常提醒我那件事情。 The young
14、man solved the problem so properly. 那个年轻人恰当地解决了这个问题。 8 存现句：表示事物存在、出现、消失的句式叫存现句。 常见的是引导词 there 引导的句子。 There are a lot of nice flowers in front of the building. 楼前有很多好看的花。 提示：题干中加灰底的词汇是本课时或前面课时中的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复 习。 .写出下列句子中画线部分的成分 1There are some beautiful flowers along the path .表语 2Id like to work
15、with a positive person.定语 3The girl is given a good opportunity .宾语 4The middle- aged man sees his doctor regularly.状语 5I was not satisfied with his attitude towards his work.谓语 6He worked hard，but he failed to reach the goal .宾语 7They are looking for the person responsible for the program.定语 8The i
16、ndependent boy was popular with the teachers.主语 9Youd better remind your son to work hard at school.宾补 10What he did was to make the situation much better.宾补 .写出下列句子的句子结构 11Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.(2019 全国) 主语谓语宾语宾补 12Chris started learning English a little over three year
17、s ago.(2019 全国) 主语谓语宾语状语 13Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience.(2019 全国) 主语系动词表语 14Does Jennifer live here？(2019 天津) 主语谓语状语 15It gives us a great feeling of peace.(2019 全国) 主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语 16This development did not take place overnight.(2019 全国) 主语谓语状语 17There are times when your heart is not in your work.(2019 全国) 存现句 18Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.(2019 全国) 主语系动词表语 19I heard a knock on the door.(2019 天津) 主语谓语宾语 20Our hosts shared many of their experiences.(2019 全国) 主语谓语宾语