1、 1 Period ThreePeriod Three Discovering Useful StructuresDiscovering Useful StructuresThe present perfect The present perfect passive voicepassive voice 感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题 1Much has been writtenhas been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. 2Peoples lives have have been changedbeen changed b
2、y online communities and social networks. 3Many people have been helpedhave been helped by the club. 4Jans life has beenhas been greatly improvedimproved by the Internet. 5A kind of new PC has been builthas been built with more functions. 1以上句子中所使用的时态和语态是现在完成时的被动语态。 2现在完成时的被动语态的构成为：have/has been过去分词
3、。 现在完成时的被动语态表示到现在为止某事已经被完成或被做。 这种语法项目既要表示现在已 经完成又要表示被动的含义，因此很多同学在具体运用中容易顾此失彼，难以把握。 运用现在完成时的被动语态时应掌握以下几个问题： 一、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式 肯定式 主语have/has been done. 否定式 主语have/has not been done. 一般疑问式 Have/Has主语been done.？ 特殊疑问式 疑问词have/has主语been done.？ He has been admittedhas been admitted to the club. 他已被接纳为俱乐部
4、成员了。 Toms novel has not been publishedhas not been published. 汤姆的小说还没有被出版。 HasHas his bike been repaired?been repaired? 他的自行车修好了吗？ Who has been invited?has been invited? 2 谁受到了邀请？ 二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法 1表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常 与 already，yet，never，recently 等副词及时间状语 so far，by now，up till/t
5、o now，since 等连用。 The room hashas already been cleanedbeen cleaned. 这个房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已经不用打扫房间了) 2 表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在， 并可能继续持续下去， 常与 for 或 since 等引出的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于 how long 引出的句子中。 The machine has been repairedhas been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已经被修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修) 3用在条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。 Yo
6、u shouldnt leave school before your homework has been finishedhas been finished. 在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。 三、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意 6 点问题 1与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没 有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。 The park was opened to the public last year. 去年这个公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去) The park has been openedhas been o
7、pened to the public. 这个公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经向公众开放了) 2.非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join 等构成的现在完成时 的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。 The work was finished two weeks ago.这项工作于两周前被完成。 The work has been finishedhas been finished.这项工作已经被完成。 3.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中
8、要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。 It is said that the problem has been looked intohas been looked into.据说已经调查了这个问题。 4只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 We have built many houses in the past ten years. Many houses have been builthave been built in the past ten years. 5带有双宾语的动词，如 give，send，bring，take，teach，show，
9、tell，make，sing，write， read，sell，buy，tell，pay，lend，pass，promise 等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变 为主语，另一个保留不动。 We have given him the book. He has been givenhas been given the book. 3 The book has been givenhas been given to him. 6带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原 来省略 to 的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带 to 的不定式。 I have to
10、ld them to help you. They have been toldhave been told to help you. .用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子 1Jacks boss has always praised him for his devotion to work. Jack has always been praised by his boss for his devotion to work. 2They have found a good place to build a temple in the village. A good place has been f
11、ound to build a temple in the village. 3We havent yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem. How to solve that difficult technological problem hasnt been decided yet. 4I have asked her to help you. She has been asked to help you. 5He has given the child some interesting books. Th
12、e child has been given some interesting books. Some interesting books have been given to the child. .语法填空(用所给词的正确时态、语态填空) Li Ming：Hi，Lin Tao.How nice to see you on the first day of the new term! Lin Tao：Yes.Nice to see you again. Li Ming：I know that your parents 6.have been working(work) in Yushu fo
13、r years.Can you tell me something there after the earthquake? Lin Tao ： Of course.Since the earthquake 7.happened(happen) ， many soldiers 8.have been sent(send) there ， and many kinds of supplies( 物 资 供 应 ) 9.have been carried(carry) there from all over the country.Now，most people there 10.live/are
14、living(live) a happy life again. Li Ming：How about the schools there? Lin Tao：Several new schools 11.have been set(set) up and also some schools which 12.were damaged(damage) in the earthquake 13.have been rebuilt(rebuild)So all the students can go back to school to study now. Li Ming：Thats wonderfu
15、l.Im sure their life will be better and better.When will your parents come back? Lin Tao：They will be back next month. 4 基础巩固 .用所给词的正确形式填空 1Fire extinguishers(灭火器) are located on each floor and in each apartment.Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained(train) to do so.(2018天津) 2Since 19
16、58，they have been recognised(recognise) as the national theatre of Israel. (2017全国) 3More than 100 famous films have been shown(show) in the city since July. 4 Up to now， no conclusion(结论) has been reached(reach) about who the first prize should go to. 5How many cars have been built(build) in the fa
17、ctory since 1990? 6Three new schools have been opened(open) in our city in the past five years. 7Its the first time that the old computer has been checked(check) since I bought it. 8Great changes have taken(take) place in my hometown and you can see that a lot of factories have been set(set) up. 9Wi
18、ll Peterson come to our graduation ceremony(毕业典礼)? Its a pity.He has been sent(send) to India as a volunteer teacher. 10Its said that the bridge has been closed(close) for repairs for months. .单句写作 11男孩们已经被多次告知不要在那个湖里游泳。 The boys have been told many times not to swim in that lake. 12听说李涛已被复旦大学录取我们很高
19、兴。 We are glad to hear that Li Tao has been admitted to/into Fudan Universi ty. 13何时何地去度假还没定下来。 When and where to go on holiday has not been decided yet. 14虽然我们不知道讨论了什么，但是我们感觉话题已经变了。 Though we dont know what was discussed， yet we can feel the topic has been changed. 15人们的健康已经受到空气、噪音和水的极大影响。 Peoples
20、health has been greatly affected by air，noise and water. 能力提升 .阅读理解 5 A A As you slowly rid your diet of junk food and sweets，youll notice a change: you actually start to like those healthy foods that you once refused.And as you start fueling your body with nutrients and noticing how much better you
21、 feel，theres a good chance youll lose weight，too.Heres how your new healthy eating habits are helping you drop pounds. Drinking waterDrinking water Finally you decided to change those Diet Cokes for water? Its a good decision: drinking more water helps keep your skin and other cells healthy and func
22、tioningfunctioning properly， and drinking enough water keeps you from feeling lethargic(无精打采的) and tired.Your new water habit is great for your waistline as well: drinking water helps prevent overeating. Eat more fruits and vegetablesEat more fruits and vegetables Your new weekends to-do list that i
23、ncludes a trip to the farmers market to stock(贮 备) up on vegetables for the week isnt just helping you eat more disease-fighting nutrients; loading up on produce is a smart weight-loss strategy.Fruits and vegetables are low-cal，high-fiber(低卡高纤维) food to stay satisfied and feel full longer. Cooking a
24、t homeCooking at home Healthy eating means cooking at home more since youre able to see what exactly is going into your food and control the amount of salt，sugar and fat in it.Not only does this ensure youre eating the nutrients you need，but youll also save major calories from giving up the large bu
25、ttery portions(比例) found in many restaurants.If youre new to cooking and need some tipstips，just surfsurf our page and read our advice on how to be a healthy cook. 语篇解读 这是一篇应用文。 健康的饮食习惯不仅使你拥有健康的体魄， 还会使你心情愉悦。 要达到这样的目的，你应该从何做起呢？ 16What does the author intend to tell us in the passage? AHealthy eating
26、habits can make you lose weight. BDont ignore your favorite foods in daily life. CYour choice determines what your future is. DOnly foods with nutrients can make you energetic. 答案 A 解析 主旨大意题。根据文章的主旨和首段的尾句“Heres how your new healthy eating habits are helping you drop pounds.”可知，健康的饮食习惯可以帮你减掉多余的赘肉，可知
27、A 选项(健 康的饮食习惯可以让你减肥)能概括文章的主旨，故选 A 项。 6 17The benefitbenefit of drinking water is . Ato keep you far away from any illness Bto make you not in the least excited Cto reduce what youd prefer to take into the body Dto make your waist strong and healthy 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“drinking more water helps kee
28、p your skin and other cells healthy and functioning properly，and drinking enough water keeps you from feeling lethargic(无精打采的) and tired.Your new water habit is great for your waistline as well: drinking water helps prevent overeating”可知，多饮水有利于皮肤健康，使你有精神不会昏 昏欲睡，而且对腰围有好处，防止暴食。故选 C 项。 18Where can we r
29、ead the passage? AIn a health magazine. BIn a news report. CIn a tour guide. DOn a certain website. 答案 D 解析 文章出处题。根据全文最后一句“.just surf our page and read our advice on how to be a healthy cook.”可知，这篇文章出自某个网站。故选 D 项。 B B For many kids，the Internet is at their fingertips.From computers to smartphones， a
30、 web of information is open to them.According to a new report from the Pew Research Center， about three out of four kids aged 12 to 13 connect the Internet using a mobile device(移 动设备) from time to time.Many younger kids are online too. Julian Zeitlinger,9，from New Jersey，uses his computer to watch
31、videos and play games.To keep him safe online，his parents monitor(监测) his web use and discuss Internet safety with him.“I ask my parents for help if something is wrong，” Julian says. Mobile devices offer more ways than ever to share personal information.The information can be dangerous in the wrong
32、hands.A study found that 62% of children aged 8 to 17 have had an unpleasant online experience. Have you ever had to enter a parents e-mail address when signing up for a website? That safety net is there because of the Childrens Online PrivacyPrivacy Protection Act (COPPA)The law says sites for kids
33、 under 13 cannot collect personal information，such as a phone number or full name，without a parents permission(允许) This July，the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) will updateupdate COPPA for the first time 7 since the law was created，in 1998when there were no smartphones.“The nature of the way kids get
34、 online has changed，” FTC lawyer Phyllis Marcus said. When the changes take effect，COPPA will apply to mobile devices and newer forms of advertising.It will expand what falls under “personal information” to include videos， photographs and services that give user location (位置) COPPA doesnt cover ever
35、ything that can go wrong online.Thats why kids and parents need to know what to look out for and to stop and think before sharing information online. “There is a misunderstanding that if a site is following COPPA，it is totally safe，” says privacy expert Shai Samet.He runs KidSAFE，which checks whethe
36、r a site meets KidSAFE standards and is safe.“Its important that kids know how useful the Internet is but that it also can be dangerous if you are not careful，” he adds. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了儿童上网的安全问题及 COPPA 法案的成因及发展 等。 19Julians parents check his web use to make sure . Ahe doesnt watch too many video
37、s Bhe doesnt play computer games Che stays safe on the Internet Dhe controls his online time 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To keep him safe online，his parents monitor(监测) his web use”可知，朱利安的父母监测他的上网情况是为了确保他的网络安全。 20How does the author explain childrens unpleasant online experiences? ABy describing his own e
38、xperiences. BBy presenting scientific research. CBy showing differences. DBy using examples. 答案 B 解析 写作手法题。根据第三段中的“A study found that 62% of children aged 8 to 17 have had an unpleasant online experience.”可知，作者通过引用研究结果来说明孩子们不愉快的上 网经历。 21People often hold the wrong idea that . Aformal websites are al
39、ways safe Bthe Internet is becoming safer and safer CCOPPA can ensure their complete safety 8 Ddaily checks prevent future online problems 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“There is a misunderstanding that if a site is following COPPA，it is totally safe”可知，人们认为遵循 COPPA 法案的网站可以确保他们上 网的绝对安全，这是一种误解。 22Whats the m
40、ain purpose of the text? ATo ask parents to look out for their kids. BTo tell people to be careful online. CTo offer tipstips on online safety. DTo introduce an online law. 答案 B 解析 写作意图题。通读全文特别是文章最后一句中的“it also can be dangerous if you are not careful”可知，本文旨在告诫人们在上网时应该小心谨慎。故 B 项符合题意。 .七选五 The smartph
41、ones that can take selfies(自拍) have become popular.However，according to recent news reports，the love for taking a beautiful selfie has killed 12 people this year. 23 While the problems have been known for a while，they didnt catch peoples attention until the death of Hideto Ueda at Taj Mahal in India
42、.Hideto Ueda was trying to take a selfie with his friends when they fell off some stairs.He hurt his head badly and passed away soon. Other serious accidents include a Russian woman who fell off a bridge when she was trying to take an exciting selfie.Three Indian students suffered a similar fate aft
43、er they were run over by a train while taking a selfie on the railway tracks. 24 So they could have been avoided. 25 In July，the Russian government began a program in the country to alert(警 告) its young citizens to the danger of this hobby.The campaigns slogan was “Even a million likes on social med
44、ia are less important than your life and healthy body.” Many countries are banning the tool that has contributed to the rise in injuriesthe selfie stick！Many museums and theme parks including Disney support the governments decision. 26 The West Japan Railway became the first in the world to give up
45、the sticks both inside Japans trains and out on the railway. While the action may help reduce the incidents，the only way to stop taking selfies related injuries and deaths is that everyone should take responsibility. 27 So the next time you or your friends decide to take a selfie that appears a litt
46、le risky，be sure 9 to stop and ask yourselfis it worth it? APlease keep off smartphones. BAll of them came from carelessness. CThey have no permission to use selfie sticks. DIt is not just for themselves，but also for their friends. ESo some believe that capturing the “ultimate” selfie is causing peo
47、ple to take unnecessary risks. FTo solve the danger taking selfies brings，officials are taking action. GGovernments start ordering the public to give up selfie sticks. 语篇解读 自拍已经成为一种时尚潮流， 人们通过智能手机可以抓拍自己的美好瞬间。 然而， 自拍却潜藏着危险。 23.答案 E 解析 上文讲述了今年已有 12 人因用手机自拍而死亡，E 项“因此，一些人认为，拍摄终极 自拍会让人们冒不必要的风险”承接上文，构成因果关系。 24答案 B 解析 设空处总结了上文自拍致死事件都是不小心造成的， 因此它们本来是可以避免的， 故选 B 项。 25答案 F 解析 下文以俄罗斯政府展开的活动为例，说明政府官员在采取行动避免自拍带来的危险，故 F 项 符合语境。 26答案 C 解析 上文提到许多国家禁止使用自拍杆，许多博物馆以及主题公园都支持政府的这一措施，C 项 “它们不允许使用自拍杆”符合语境。 27答案 D 解析 上文提到阻止自拍带来伤害和死亡的唯一办法就是每一个人都应该负起责任。 D项承接上文， 进一步指出这样做不仅仅是为了他们自己，也是为了他们的朋友。