1、 1 Period ThreePeriod Three Discovering Useful StructuresDiscovering Useful StructuresRestrictive relative clauses(3)Restrictive relative clauses(3) 感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题 1This is the best TV set thatthat is made in China. 2Please just tell me anything thatthat you know about the author of the book. 3The
2、boy and his dog thatthat were believed to be lost in the wood were rescued this morning. 4John is the boy whosewhose legs were badly injured in the accident. 5This is a place wherewhere children can play without danger. 6We all look forward to the day whenwhen a simple medical test can find cancer w
3、hile it is still small. 7The reason whywhy she was late for the exam was that she got stuck in a traffic jam. 1句 13 中的定语从句由 that 引导，这是因为先行词被最高级、序数词及 only，any 修饰时，或者先行 词是不定代词、先行词包括人和物时，关系代词常用 that。 2.第 4 句用 whose 引导定语从句，是因为定语从句中缺少定语，whose 在从句中充当此成分。 3根据第 57 句可知，当从句中缺少状语时，由关系副词引导定语从句，缺地点状语由 where 引导，缺
4、 少时间状语用 when 引导，缺少原因状语用 why 引导。 限制性定语从句用来限制先行词的意义， 在讲话时不需停顿， 书写时不用逗号， 通常由关系代词 that， which， who，whom，whose，as 和关系副词 when，where，why 引导。 一、基本概念 1先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词(有时是短语或句子)叫作先行词。如下列句中加黑部分就是先行词。 She has found the necklacethe necklace that she lost two weeks ago.她找到了她那条丢失两周的项链。 As a general rule，the most su
5、ccessful man in life is the manthe man who has the best information.一 般说来，生活中最成功的人是获得最佳信息的人。 Do you remember the daythe day when we arrived here? 你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天？ 2关系词：用来引导定语从句的连接词叫关系词。它包括关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as) 和关系副词(when，where，why)。关系词在从句中一定要担任成分。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表 语、定语；关系副词在从句中作状语。 2 Were
6、 going to do something thatthat has never been done before.(作主语) He is a man whomwhom we should all learn from.(作宾语) He lives in a house whosewhose window faces south.(作定语) He is no longer the person thatthat he used to be.(作表语) At the time whenwhen I saw him，he was well.(作时间状语) They still live in t
7、he same house wherewhere they lived ten years ago.(作地点状语) That is the reason whywhy I am not in favor of revising the plan.(作原因状语) 温馨提示 (1)作宾语的关系代词常可省去。如：There are some films (thatthat) Id like to see. (2)因为关系词在从句中已经担任了某一成分，所以关系词所代指的先行词在从句中不要再出现。下面的句 子都有错误： Mrs Smith whomwhom you met her yesterday i
8、s a friend of mine.(去掉 her) Guilin is a city whichwhich it has a history of 2,000 years.(去掉 it) This is the place wherewhere my mother was born there.(去掉 there) There are moments when I forgot all about it then.(去掉 then) 二、关系词的种类和功能 种 类 功能(在从句中所担任的成分) 关系 代词 that 主语、宾语、表语(代替人或物) which 主语、宾语(代替物) who
9、主语、宾语(代替人) whom 宾语(代替人) whose 定语(代替人或物) as 主语、宾语、表语(代替人或物) 关系 副词 when 时间状语(代替表时间的先行词) where 地点状语(代替表地点的先行词) why 原因状语(先行词是 reason) 1.that 用作关系代词，既可指人也可指物，可作主语、宾语或表语。 Is he the man thatthat sells eggs？他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗？(作主语，指人) Water thatthat is impure often causes serious illness.水不清洁常会引起重病。(作主语，指物) 2which
10、用作关系代词时一般指物，可作主语、宾语。 She was not on the train whichwhich arrived just now.她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。(作主语) This is the book whichwhich you wanted.这就是你想要的那本书。(作宾语) 3who 只指人，在从句中可作主语、宾语。 3 A doctor is a person whowho looks after peoples health.医生是关照人们健康的人。(作主语) The man whowho I saw is called Smith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。(作宾
11、语) 4whom 用作关系词，只指人，在从句中一般作宾语。 The gentleman whomwhom she encountered addressed her with courtesy.她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地和她 讲话。(作宾语) 5whose 在从句中作定语，既可指人也可指物。 Youre the only one whosewhose advice he might listen to.只有你的话他可能会听。(指人) Id like a room whosewhose window looks out over the sea.我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。(指物) 6when
12、 的先行词须是表时间的词，在从句中作时间状语。 July and August are the months whenwhen the weather is hot.七八月是天气很热的月份。 7where 的先行词须是表地点的名词，在从句中作地点状语。 Shes going home wherewhere she can rest.她要回家休息了。 温馨提示 关系副词 where 的先行词也可是有地点含义的抽象名词(如 point，case，situation，condition 等)。 He has reached the point wherewhere a change is neede
13、d.他已到了需要改弦易辙的地步。(point 在此是抽 象名词) 8why 的先行词只有 reason，在从句中作原因状语。 Do you know the reason whywhy I left early? 你知道我为什么早走吗？ 三、thatthat 和 whichwhich 引导定语从句的区别 1which 可引导非限制性定语从句，that 不可以。 He had failed in the maths exam，whichwhich made his father very angry. 他数学考试不及格，这让他父亲很生气。 2which 之前可有介词，that 之前不能有介词。
14、This is the house in whichin which Lu Xun used to live. 这是鲁迅过去住过的房子。 3当先行词是 all，everything，nothing，something，anything，much，little，few 等不定代词时， 常用 that。 That is all thatall that I want to say.那就是我想说的一切。 There is nothing thatnothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他这样做。 4先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，多用 t
15、hat。 The firstfirst place thatthat they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地 方是象鼻山。 4 5先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，多用 that。 This is the bestbest film thatthat I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 6先行词被 the very，the only，the just 等修饰时，多用 that。 This is the verythe very dictionary thatthat I want to bu
16、y. 这正是我想买的字典。 Mr Smith is the onlythe only foreigner thatthat he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。 7先行词既包括人又包括物时，用 that。 The passengers and the suitcases thatThe passengers and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane. 仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。 温馨提示 1way 作先行词，若从句中缺少状语，则用 that 或
17、in which 引导定语从句，也可省略关系词。 I dont like the way (that/in whichthat/in which) he speaks to his parents.我不喜欢他跟他父母讲话的方式。 2关系副词可由“介词关系代词”代替。 I will remember the day when/on whichwhen/on which I worked there.我将永远记住我在那儿工作的那一天。 My favorite city is Beijing where/in whichwhere/in which I can visit the Great Wal
18、l. 我最喜欢的城市是北京，在那里我可以参观长城。 .用适当的关系词填空 1They were well trained by their masters who/that had great experience with caring for these animals.(2019全国) 2In the cafe，customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment that/which is created for them.(2019全国) 3The students benefitting most from co
19、llege are those who are totally engaged(参与)in academic life，taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources(资源)(2019北京) 4Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.(2019天 津) 5On the edge of the jacket，there is a piece of cloth that/which gives o
20、ff light in the dark. (2019浙江) 6(1)This is the factory that/which I visited last year. (2)This is the factory where I worked last year. 7(1)The reason that/which he gave is unbelievable. 5 (2)The reason why I went was that I wanted to meet your friends. 8(1)I dont like the way that/in which she deal
21、s with the proposal. (2)I dont like the way that/which you taught me. 9(1)I wont forget the day when/on which I took part in the sports meeting. (2)I wont forget the day that/which I spent with you on the farm. 10(1)There was one point that/which we must insist on. (2)After graduation she reached a
22、point in her career where she needed to decide what to do. .用定语从句把下面的句子合并起来 11This is the bus.It goes to the university. This is the bus that/which goes to the university. 12Do you remember the place? We all used to meet there. Do you remember the place where we all used to meet? 13There are a numbe
23、r of protests.We are considering them. There are a number of protests that/which we are considering. 14We took in a dog.It had been abandoned by its former owner. We took in a dog that/which had been abandoned by its former owner. 15In the corridor there was a notice board.Several students were look
24、ing at it. In the corridor there was a notice board that/which several students were lookin g at. 16She is an artist.I am quite familiar with her works. She is an artist whose works I am quite familiar with. 17An inventor gave us the telephone.He was a Scot. The inventor who/that gave us the telepho
25、ne was a Scot. 18A plane crashed into the sea.It may have been a terrorist target. A plane that/which crashed into the sea may have been a terrorist target. 19A scientist discovered the neutron.He was James Chadwick. The scientist who/that discovered the neutron was James Chadwick. 20You were playin
26、g some music，and it sounded very familiar. The music that/which you were playing sounded very familiar. 6 基础巩固 .单句语法填空 1We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true.(2019江苏) 2The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soil-
27、testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer.(2018全国) 3Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.(2018浙江) 4Self-driving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. (20
28、18江苏) 5Who is the person that is talking about the accident that/which happened on Highway 104? 6The girl that/who/whom we met in the dam is a film star，who played the leading role in the film that/which we saw yesterday. 7I see no reason why this issue cannot be discussed right now. 8The man and th
29、e horse that fell into the river were drowned. 9The building whose windows are bright at night is our school building. 10The department that/which I visited last year was not the one where I once worked. .完成句子 11Can you provide the clue for me that/which you talked about the other day? 你能把前几天提到的那个线索
30、提供给我吗？ 12I still remember the sitting-room where my mother and I used to sit in the evening. 我仍然记得那个客厅，我和妈妈晚上常坐在那里。 13His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor. 父母不让他娶任何家庭贫困的人为妻。 14Do you still remember one evening a week ago when I came to your room and borrowed a diamond neckl
31、ace? 你还记得一周前的一个晚上吗？我来你房间借了一条钻石项链。 15The second book that I want to read is Red Star Over China. 我想读的第二本书是红星照耀中国 。 7 能力提升 .阅读理解 A A The Polish take great pride in their cultureculture.Our culture has many different customs and traditionstraditions.I will discuss three of these traditions and customs.
32、 The Polish will say “Dziekuje” (“thank you”) only after receiving their change.What I mean by this is that when you are in Poland，you should wait to say “thank you” until after you have been given your change back.If you do not，you are telling cashiers (收银员) that they can “keep the change”Often，peo
33、ple visiting Poland will feel that things are very expensive， until they learn that they are giving the store clerk permission to keep the money that would have been given back. Polish people break “bread” with their families during their Christmas Eve meal.The Christmas Eve celebration starts with
34、the breaking of the Oplatek，which is a thin piece of “bread”In my family，the eldest in the family (my grandfather) takes the big Oplatek and breaks it into large pieces that he then hands down to each of his four children (my aunt，uncles， and father)Then，these family members break their pieces into
35、smaller sizes and pass them out to their own children.Once the last piece is passed down to the youngest，we say a prayer(祷 告) and eat the piece of thin bread. Polish people celebrate “Imieniny”， or Names Day.This day is more important than ones birthday.They often name their children after a saint(圣
36、徒) whose day is closest to the date that they were born on.Then their saints day that they were named after becomes their “new” birthday.On Names Day， families and friends gather together and enjoy a variety of food， drinking， and dancing. As you can see，Poland has a few very unique(独特的) traditions
37、and customs.I honor my Polish culture and will pass it on to my own children because it is important to know ones own culture. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。作者是波兰人，他讲述了波兰的三种传统习俗。 16In Poland，if you say “Dziekuje” before getting your change， . Athe store clerk will keep it Bthe product will be changed Cthe store cle
38、rk will check the money Dthe product will be returned to the store 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的第一句和第三句“If you do not，you are telling cashiers (收银 员) that they can keep the change”可知，在波兰，如果你在收银员给你找钱之前说 Dziekuje， 8 就等于让收银员留下零钱。 17On Christmas Eve，the author will receive “bread” from . Ahis grandfather Bhis u
39、ncle Chis aunt Dhis father 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。 根据第三段倒数第二句“Then， these family members break their pieces into smaller sizes and pass them out to their own children.”可知，在圣诞节前夜作者会得到他父亲切的面包。 18A Polish persons Imieniny is . Aa day to visit families and friends Bmore important than Names Day Cnear to his or h
40、er birthday Da day to honor a saint 答案 C 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“They often name their children after a saint(圣徒) whose day is closest to the date that they were born on.Then their saints day that they were named after becomes their new birthday.”可知，在波兰，孩子经常以某位圣徒的名字命名，哪位圣徒的纪念日 与孩子的生日最接近，人们就选哪位圣徒命名。故选 C 项。
41、19What does the author think of Polish traditions and customs? AHe feels proud of them. BHe shows no interest in them. CHe is worried about them. DHe considers them very funny. 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“I honor my Polish culture and will pass it on to my own children.”可知，作者以自己国家的传统习俗为荣。 B B (2019河南周口
42、中英文学校高一下期末) Almost all cultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another in some way.Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways，and at different times on the calendar. In Western countries，people usually celebrate New Year at midnight on December 31s
43、t or January 1st.People may go to parties，sometimes dressed in formal clothes，and they may drink champagne(香 槟)at midnight.During the first minutes of the new year，people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead.But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to w
44、atch 9 the sunrise.They welcome the new year with the first light of the sunrise. Many cultures also do special things to get rid of bad luck at the beginning of a new year.For example， in Ecuador， families make a big doll from old clothes.The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers.At m
45、idnight，these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the new year can start afresh(重新) Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean，or saying special things on the first day of the new year. Other New Ye
46、ar traditions are followed to bring good luck in the new year.One widespread Spanish tradition for good luck is to eat grapes on New Years Day.The more grapes a person eats，the more good luck the person will have in the new year.In France，people eat pancakes for good luck at New Year.In the United S
47、tates，some people eat black-eyed peas for good luckbut to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them! 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界各地几种不同的庆祝新年的传统。 20Which of the following can be the best title of the text? ASeveral Different New Year Traditions BThe Meaning of “Happy New Year！” CWhat to Eat o
48、n New Years Day DWhy People Dress Up Nicely on New Years Day 答案 A 解析 标题归纳题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways”可知，不同的文化以不同的方式庆祝新年，下文就介绍了几种不同的庆 祝新年的传统，故 A 项正确。 21What do you know from the first two paragraphs? ADifferent cultures celebrate the beginning and ending of a year in the same way. BThe Western people celebrate the New Year only by watching the sunrise. CPeople around the world celebrate the New Year at different times. DPeople hold parties，wear new clothes and drink champagne for a whole day. 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Differe