1、2020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语试题英语试题 本试卷共本试卷共 8 页，页，52 小题，满分小题，满分 120 分。考试用时分。考试用时 120 分钟。分钟。 注意事项：注意事项： 1. 因听力另考，试卷从第二部分的因听力另考，试卷从第二部分的“阅读理解阅读理解”开始，试题序号从开始，试题序号从“21”开始。开始。 2. 答卷前，考尘务必将白己的姓名、考尘号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用答卷前，考尘务必将白己的姓名、考尘号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用 2B 铅笔将铅笔将 试卷类型试卷类型( (B)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡
2、右上角填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处条形码粘贴处”。 3. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改 动，用橡皮擦干净后，冉选涂其他答案。写在本试卷上无效。动，用橡皮擦干净后，冉选涂其他答案。写在本试卷上无效。 4. 回答非选择题时，必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须与在答题卡指定区域内回答非选择题时，必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须与在答题卡指定区域内 的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和
3、涂改液，的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液， 写在本试卷上无效。写在本试卷上无效。 5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一炸交回。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一炸交回。 第二部分第二部分 阅读理解阅读理解( (共两节，满分共两节，满分 40 分）分） 第一节第一节( (共共 15 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 分，满分分，满分 30 分）分） 阅读下列勉文，从每题所给的阅读下列勉文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Do you feel bored during your holidays
4、? Here are some books for the stay-at-home who are fond of reading to pass time during their holidays. A License to Heal(By Steven Bentley, , $11. 95 sc, $ 3. 99 eb) In the world of emergency medicine,there is pain,blood and tragedy(悲剧） ，but there is also hope and compassion. The book shows readers
5、the stories from an ER doctor that brings this dynamic world to life. In this highly personal narrative,an emergency room physician describes the world of the ER as one filled with pain,fear and grief,but also compassion,hope,and a surprising amount of humor. Imperfect Family(By Leyland A. King, , S
6、 19. 99 sc, $3. 99 eh) This book is a novel showcasing an ordinary familys union,strength,ambition and determination that made it possible for one generation to climb the slippery and shabby ladder from poverty to the security of American middle-class. Walking the Stones of Time(By Oswald Brown, , $
7、 18. 99 sc, $3. 99 eb) It is an extraordinary love story of an awkward young man and an equally awkward young woman who,despite their lack of social skills,developed a love that was stronger than all their inadequacies. Honeyball (By Pete Liebengood, , $19. 99 sc, $3. 99 eb) A group of women pull to
8、gether in a dedicated campaign to find success at the box office while their leader finds the love of her life and the persons responsible for the death of her father in a plane Crash. Batting Rocks over the Barn(By Lawn Griffiths, , S 19. 99 sc, $ 3. 99 eb) The rhythm of rural life during the 1950s
9、 and 1960s comes alive through the eyes of a boy who grew up to become a newspaper journalist and film editor. Follow his journey in this book. 1. What can we learn about Steven Bentleys book? A. It is a tragedy B. It is the most expensive. C. It is written in a narrative way. D. It is a humorous st
10、ory about a doctor 2. Who writes about country life? A. Lcyland A. King. B. Lawn Griffiths. C. Steven Bentley D. Oswald Brown. 3. Which books contain a love story? A. A License To Heal and Imperfect Family. B. Imperfect Family and Honeyball. C. Batting Rocks over the Barn and Walking the Stones of T
11、ime . D. Walking the Stones of Time and Honeyball. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 【解析】 本文是一篇应用文，推荐了适合假期在家读的几本书。 【1 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In this highly personal narrative,an emergency room physician describes the world of the ER as one filled with pain,fear and grief,but also compassion,hope,and a surprising amoun
12、t of humor.”可知， 在这个高度个人化的叙述中，急诊室的医生将急诊室描述为一个充满痛苦、恐惧和悲伤，同时又充满同情、 希望和令人惊讶的幽默的世界，由此可知，史蒂芬本特利写的 A License to Heal 这本书是用叙述的方式写 的，故 C 项正确。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The rhythm of rural life during the 1950s and 1960s”可知，格里菲思写的 Batting Rocks over the Barn 这本书描述了 20 世纪 50年代和 60 年代的乡村生活，故 B项正确。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据
13、第四段中的“It is an extraordinary love story”可知，Walking the Stones of Time 这本书讲 述了一个非同寻常的爱情故事；再根据倒数第二段中的“their leader finds the love of her life”可知，在 Honeyball 一书中， 一群女性的领导人找到了一生的挚爱， 由此可知， Walking the Stones of Time 和 Honeyball 这两本书讲述了爱情故事，故 D项正确。 B As anyone whos tried to befriend a baby knows,the very
14、young are a tough crowd. In response to your solicitous babble(喋喋不休） ，a baby might lock eyes with you. Just as likely,though,shell stare insistently into an empty distance,spit up,or simply protest by crying loudly. New research suggests that babies are highly selective-discriminating even-in whom t
15、hey will pay attention lo. And even before their first birthdays,this research shows,babies distinguish between “people like me“and all others. For those of us who like to think that prejudice comes with age,this may be disappointing news.But a new study,published Monday in the journal PNAS,offers a
16、 fresh perspective on babies remarkable ability to distinguish between“in-group“members(“people like me“)and out-group members(“others“) at such a young age. Babies are all about learning new stuff,the new research concludes. And they wont waste a minute paying attention to someone they think unlike
17、ly to deliver the goods. The new research shows that,given the choice of listening to someone speaking in their native language and someone speaking another tongue, 11-month-old babies will consistently ignore the foreign speaker and pay attention to the person speaking the language thats familiar t
18、o them. At the moment that those babies made such decisions,researchers detected a distinctive pattern in their brain activity-a pattern consistently seen in babies expecting to learn something new. Yes,the babies were making“us“versus“them“Judgments which,research has found,become ever more general
19、ized and powerful as we age. But they appeared to be making those selective judgments, the research found,in a bid to maximize the information they lake in,not to exclude the “other”。 4. If you keep talking to a baby,she may_ A. be your friend B. ignore you C. lock you in the room D. respond you wit
20、h words 5. According to the passage,babies can distinguish_ A. between bad people and good people B. between researchers and journalist C. between people who like them and people who dislike them D. between people who are alike and people who are not alike 6. A baby from China is more likely to be i
21、nterested in a person who speaks_ A. Chinese B. English C. French D. Japanese 7. The passage mainly tells us that_ A. babies are born clever B. babies may lock eyes with you C. babies are eager to learn new things D. babies can make selective judgments about people 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 【解析】 本文是一篇
22、说明文，介绍了研究发现婴儿对他们所关注的对象有高度的选择性辨别能力。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In response to your solicitous babble，a baby might lock eyes with you. Just as likely,though,shell stare insistently into an empty distance,spit up,or simply protest by crying loudly.”可知， 婴儿可 能会闭上眼睛不看你以回应你的喋喋不休，她也可能会一直盯着远处，吐口水，或者只是大声哭来抗议， 由此可知
23、，如果你一直和婴儿说话，她可能会忽视你，故 B 项正确。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And even before their first birthdays,this research shows,babies distinguish between “people like me“and all others.”可知，这项研究表明，甚至婴儿在一生日之前就已经区分了喜欢她 的人和其他人，由此可知，婴儿可以区分喜欢他们的人和不喜欢他们的人，故 C 项正确。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The new research shows that,given th
24、e choice of listening to someone speaking in their native language and someone speaking another tongue, 11-month-old babies will consistently ignore the foreign speaker and pay attention to the person speaking the language thats familiar to them. ”可知，这 项新的研究表明，如果让 11个月大的婴儿选择听母语和说另一种语言的人说话，他们会一直忽视说外语
25、的 人，而把注意力放在说他们熟悉的语言的人身上，由此可知，来自中国的婴儿更可能对说汉语的人感兴趣， 故 A 项正确。 【7 题详解】 主 旨 大意 题。 通读 全文 ， 特别 是根 据第 二段 中 的 “New research suggests that babies are highly selective-discriminating even-in whom they will pay attention lo. ”可知，本文主要介绍的是研究发现婴儿对他 们所关注的对象有高度的选择性辨别能力，即：婴儿可以对人做出选择性的判断，故 D项正确。 C One August day this
26、past summer, Richard Phibbs was taking photos of Hollywoods hottest couple, Michael Fassbender and Alicia Vikander. The next day,he was sprawling(趴） on the floor of a 6-by-6-foot animal-examination room at the Humane Society of New York(HSNY),photographing dozens of homeless animals for free. For th
27、e past four years, Phibbs,famous for photographing celebrities,has photographed more than 360 rescued dogs,cats and other animals at the Humane Society in hopes of helping them find loving homes forever. Now 63 of those portraits are featured in a new book Rescue Me,detailing animals miserable past
28、and their new lives in New York City. I was longing lo take a picture that does something more than sell clothes or sell a career, “ Phibbs tells The Post. “In fashion,were trying to make up fantasy and dreams. When Im at the Humane Society, I use photography to speak the truth. When people look int
29、o the eyes of that animal,the spirit of that being is there. “And his photos work. The animals whose portraits are taken by Phibbs see a much higher adoption rate than others at HSNY,thanks not only to the photographs themselves but also to their high share-rate on social media. Without doubt, “says
30、 Sandra Dereo, HSNYs executive director. “When we post one of his photos on Instagram or Adopt-a-Pet,its like a flood. All of these people suddenly notice the animal. “ The photo shoots last anywhere from 5 to 45 minutes,and Phibbs will see dozens of animals in a single day. Each of his subjects is
31、given time to adjust to his or her surroundings,so that they open up and let their personalities shine. Whether its a human or animal, Im trying to get the subject to feel safe and to feel confident and comfortable with me, “the photographer says. “Were looking for that spirit,what makes them differ
32、ent. “While Phibbs may not spend hours with each animal,many of them still have a strong impact(影响）on him. “Its not uncommon for me to walk home,and weep the whole way. “ 8. What organization is the Humane Society of New York? A. A fashion photo studio. B. A shelter for the homeless C. An animal wel
33、fare agency. . D. A hospital for human beings. 9. What can we know about the photographs taken by Phibbs? A. They contribute to animal adoptions. B. They attract the celebrities attentions C. They help dogs to find the way home. D. They increase share-rate on social media. 10. When taking photos of
34、animals, Phibbs_ A. uses them lo Tell the true story B. always adjusts lo his surroundings C. likes to look into the eyes of animals D. emphasizes the characters of animals 11. Why does Phibbs weep? A. He has lo walk home B. He feels pity for the animals. C. He has adopted too many pets. D. He is un
35、comfortable with the animals. 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了摄影师菲布斯为动物福利机构纽约人道协会的动物拍照以帮助它们被收养的故 事。 【8 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The next day,he was sprawling on the floor of a 6-by-6-foot animal-examination room at the Humane Society of New York(HSNY),photographing dozens of homeless animals fo
36、r free.”可知，第 二天，他趴在纽约人道协会一个 66英尺的动物检查室的地板上，免费为几十只无家可归的动物拍照，由 此可知，纽约人道协会应该是动物福利机构，故 C项正确。 【9 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The animals whose portraits are taken by Phibbs see a much higher adoption rate than others at HSNY, thanks not only to the photographs themselves but also to their high share-rate on socia
37、l media.”可知，菲布斯拍摄的动物比纽约人道协会的其他动物有更高的收养率，这不仅要归功于照片本身， 还要归功于它们在社交媒体上的高分享率，由此可知，菲布斯拍摄的动物照片有助于它们被收养，故 A 项 正确。 【10 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Each of his subjects is given time to adjust to his or her surroundings,so that they open up and let their personalities shine.”可知，给每个动物拍照时，他都会花点时间去适应它的环境， 这样动物们就会敞开心扉，让
38、它们的个性闪光，由此可知，在给动物拍照时，菲布斯注重突出动物的个性， 故 D 项正确。 【11 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While Phibbs may not spend hours with each animal,many of them still have a strong impact(影响）on him. “Its not uncommon for me to walk home,and weep the whole way. “”可知，虽然菲 布斯可能不会花几个小时和每一只动物在一起，但其中许多对他仍然有很大的影响，他常常在回家的路上 哭泣，再结合第一段中的“h
39、omeless animals”可知，菲布斯哭泣是因为他同情这些无家可归的动物，故 B 项正确。 D Saving the giant panda from extinction isnt just good for the bears-its good for the bottom line too,a new analysis by an international team of scientist shows. The results,published in the journal Current Biology,highlight the economic benefits tha
40、t they say go hand in hand with environmental conservation. In order to protect giant pandas,the government must protect their forests,which provide a host of often-under appreciated services to the communities that live in and around them. For example,forests allow for the growing of crops and the
41、grazing(放牧）of animals,store clean fresh water and supply firewood,lumber(木材）and many useful plants.They manage storm runoff and help prevent erosion(侵蚀） 。 The pandas themselves also hold enormous cultural value that has risen rapidly in recent decades among Chinese residents,the study also points ou
42、t. “From 1980 to 2010,the cultural values of pandas and their reserves almost doubled,largely driven by tourism use,rising 500-fold from 1980 to 2010, “they said. Taking all of these factors into account,the scientists calculated a total economic value of Approximately $2. 6 billion in 2010 in China
43、. Keep in mind,the costs of preserving panda habitat at current levels come to about$255 million. The study authors said that including the global cultural Value of the animals would increase the total economic value to $6. 9 billion per year-or about 27 times the cost of habitat preservation. The r
44、esearchers also noted that the investment in panda habitat has improved the living conditions of local residents. They pointed to data from the Chinese Statistical Yearbook showing that the annual income in Sichuan, Shanxi and Gansu provinces,which sit next to panda reserves,rose by an average of 56
45、%from 2000 to 2010. Farmers in counties within these provinces that were next to the panda reserves saw their annual incomes rise by 64%,on average. The findings provide a promising example of how conservation efforts can pay off,and they could be applied to many other threatened and endangered spec
46、ies,the study authors said. 12. What does the underlined words “bottom line“refer lo in the first paragraph? A. Moral standard. B. Economic profits. C. Overall development. D. Environmental conservation. 13. Which is one of the results of preserving pandas? A. Less farmland. B. More foreign trade. C
47、. More forest fires. D. Better farming conditions, 14. In China,about how many times do economic values outweigh preserving cost? A. 26. B. 10. C. 4. D. 3. 15. Whats the main idea of the passage? A. Protecting pandas takes great efforts. B. Pandas are a major tourism attraction in China. C. Conserva
48、tion of pandas is economically rewarding. D. Pandas make great contributions to the environment. 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现拯救大熊猫免于灭绝不仅对大熊猫有好处，而且对经济效益也有好处。 【12 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“The results,published in the journal Current Biology,highlight the economic benefits that the
49、y say go hand in hand with environmental conservation.”可知，发表在当代生物学杂志上的 研究结果强调了与环境保护齐头并进的经济效益，因此此处是说拯救大熊猫免于灭绝不仅对大熊猫有好处， 而且对经济效益也有好处，由此可知，“bottom line”指的是“经济效益”，故 B 项正确。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In order to protect giant pandas,the government must protect their forests,which provide a host of often-under appreciated services to the communities that live in and around them. For example, forests allow for the growing of crops and the grazing(放牧）of animals,”可知，为了保护大熊猫，政府必须保 护熊猫生活的森林，这些森林为生活在它们周围的社区提供了许多经常被低估的服务，例如，森林可以