1、2020 年兰州市高三诊断考试英语试题年兰州市高三诊断考试英语试题 第一部分阅读理解第一部分阅读理解( (共两节，满分共两节，满分 40 分）分） 第一节第一节( (共共 15 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 分，满分分，满分 30 分）分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A While we are burning hot here, it is winter in South America. The Andes Mountains are situated along the Argenti
2、na-Chile border. Once the first snow falls of early June start lo drop, skiers are ready to enjoy the nightlife of ski towns all along the border. Caviahue Meaning “site of gathering and celebration”, this spot draws people with its long ski season, natural beauty, and hot springs. Season: June 15th
3、 to September 30th Tel/Fax: (011）4314-8212/9180 Website: Cerro Castor The newest ski resort in Argentina, this winter playground is near Ushuaiathe worlds southernmost city. The stable and cold temperatures of Castor allow it to offer the longest ski seasons in South America. Season: June 17th to Oc
4、tober 16th Phone: 54 290-1499301 Fax: 54 290-1430680 Website: http:/www.cerrocastor com Perito Moreno This resort features 11 skiable kilometers divided into 9 tracks, a double 1, 000-mcter-long chairlift line that joins the 900-meter-high and the 1,350-meter-high areas, where snow is guaranteed thr
5、oughout the winter. Season: From June 15th to October 5th Phone: 54 294-4409000 Fax: 54 294-4409000, int. 118 Website: http:/ www.cerro- Cerro Catedral Cerro Catedral was one of the first ski resorts in Argentina. Cerro Catedral has continued to gain a reputation for itself-all the while updating it
6、s facilities. The resort has 39 lifts, which allow access to 600 hectares (公顷）of skiable surface divided into 53 well-signaled runs of various difficulties. Season: From June 18th to October 10th Tel/Fax: (012） 4672-2947/7672 Website: http:“ 1. Which number should you call if you want to take a hot
7、spring bath? A. 54 294-4409000 B. 54 290-1499301 C. (012）4672-2947/7672 D. (011）4314-8212/9180 2. Which of the following offers the longest ski season? A. Caviahue B. Cerro Castor C. Perito Moreno D. Cerro Catedral 3. Whats the feature of Cerro Catedral? A. Cultural appeal. B. Beauty and comfort. C.
8、 Advanced equipment. D. Historical significance. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【分析】 本文为应用文。本文介绍了在南美洲的冬天，位于阿根廷智利边境的安第斯山脉，六月初的第一场雪 落下后，滑雪者们就可享受边境沿线滑雪小镇的夜生活了。文章主要介绍了四个地点即 Caviahue、Cerro Castor、Perito Moreno 和 Cerro Catedral的相关信息。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Caviahue 部分中的“this spot draws people with its long ski season,
9、 natural beauty, and hot springsTel/Fax: (011）4314-8212/9180”可知， 这个地方以其漫长的滑雪季节，自然美景和温泉吸引着人 们电话/传真：(011）4314-8212/9180。 可知，如果你想泡温泉，应该打(011）4314-8212/9180。故选 D。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Caviahue 部分中的“Season: June 15th to September 30th ”可知滑雪季节长为 6 月 15 日至 9 月 30 日。Cerro Castor 部分中的“Season: June 17th to Octobe
10、r 16th，”可知滑雪季节为 6 月 17 日至 10 月 16 日；Perito Moreno 部分中的“Season: From June 15th to October 5th”，可知滑雪季节长度 6 月 15 日至 10 月 5 日；Cerro Catedral 部分中的“Season: From June 18th to October 10th ”滑雪季节：6 月 18 日至 10 月 10 日。分 析可知，Cerro Castor 的滑雪季节最长，故选 B。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Cerro Catedral 部分中的 Cerro Catedral has cont
11、inued to gain a reputation for itself all the while updating its facilities. The resort has 39 lifts, Cerro Catedral 一直以不断更新设施而闻名。度假村共有 39 部电梯。可知，Cerro Catedral 的特点是有先进的设备。故选 C。 【点睛】新闻广告类材料是高考的热门考题。其文句简练，信息量大，句式使用简单，表达方式多样，但 阅读这类题目也是有规律可循的。 此类文章主要考查学生提取信息和处理信息的能力。既注重特定细节的 筛选、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查。题目设置相对
12、较易。答题时没有必要弄清每一句话，只要 重点理解和题目有关的信息就可以了。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文。宜采用“倒序法”来处理。即先看 问题，后看文章内容，略读问题和选项，带问题阅读。这样在阅读中有重点，有针对性地读，冗余无效的 信息可略读甚至是不读。 如第 3 小题， 先根据题目 Whats the feature of Cerro Catedral?定位于 fCerro Catedral。 根据 Cerro Catedral 部分中的 Cerro Catedral has continued to gain a reputation for itself-all the while upda
13、ting its facilities. The resort has 39 lifts, Cerro Catedral一直以更新其设施而闻名。 度假村共有 39部电梯。 可知， Cerro Catedral 的特点是有先进的设备。故选 C。 B I wanted to be a journalist. But my parents reminded me that math makes money, so off to engineering school I went In my post-university young-adult life, Ive managed to become
14、 traditionally successful.“ As a female engineer, I worked for a big oil company and owned a home. My life was laid out in front of me. and I didnt like what I saw. So, I did what any respectable 24-year-old would do and left my life behind. I said goodbye to my boyfriend and pulled out my suitcase.
15、 I threw myself alone into the world with the grace and beauty of a baby deer taking its first steps with skateboards under its feet. I bloodied my knees mountain biking through the red rocks of Utah. I spent four days struggling through Yellowstone with 50 pounds on my back. Two Peruvian women alon
16、g my Andean journey taught me how to roast coffee and helped me practice Spanish. It wasnt Viennas cultural museums; it was a sunny piece of grass beside the Danube river with someone from my hostel (青年旅社） who quickly became a friend. It wasnt Yellowstones Old Faithful geyser (间歇喷泉）launching into th
17、e air; it was charging through Montanas ordinary landscape playing music so loud that the car windows shook. The truth is, I didnt actually need to be abroad to have almost any of my favorite experiences. They were just small everyday moments that happened to happen abroad, leading me to realize tha
18、t the true value of my flight tickets were not the landmarks, but rather becoming an active participant in my own life. I now spend less time online shopping and more time lying alone on the floor listening to an album cover to cover. I ask my friends how theyre doing. Sometimes I surprise them with
19、 flowers to see them smile. I tell everyone to have a good day. 4. What can we learn, about the author from Paragraph 1 ? A. She found her work challenging. B. She was dissatisfied with her life. C. She preferred math to journalism. D. She dared not talk back to her parents, 5. Why does the author m
20、ention the journeys she has taken in the text? A. To prove the importance of travel. B. To express her joy with new friends. C. To show what she learned from the travelling. D. To introduce the landmarks she was interested in, 6. How has the travel probably changed the author? A. She has become more
21、 independent. B. She begins to enjoy her daily life more. C. She begins to value her familys opinion. D. She has become more interested in foreign cultures. 7. What message does the author try to convey in the text? A. We shouldnt think life is better elsewhere. B. Interest is the best teacher in ch
22、oosing jobs. C. Travel is the best way to spend your holidays. D. The importance of travel 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 【解析】 本文为记叙文。作者因为厌倦了自己的日常工作，而选择独自出国旅行，在走过很多地方，看过很多风景 之后，作者发现，旅行中打动自己的其实都是生活中的一些细节，而这些不需要出国旅行就能找的到，因 此她改变了生活态度，积极寻求生活中隐藏的美好。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My life was laid out in front of me, and
23、 I didnt like what I saw.” 我的生活展现 在我面前。我不喜欢我所看到的生活。可知，作者对自己的生活不满意。故 B正确。由第一段的“I wanted to be a journalist. But my parents reminded me that math makes money, so off to engineering school I went.” 我想 成为一名记者。但我的父母提醒我，数学能赚钱，所以我大学毕业后进入了工程学院。可知作者更喜欢新 闻学，所以 C 不对；根据“Ive managed to become “conventionally suc
24、cessful.” 我成功地成为了传统意义上 的成功人士。可知 A不对；D 文中没有提及。故选 B。 【5 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The truth is, I didnt actually need to be abroad to have almost any of my favorite experiences. They were just small everyday moments that happened to happen abroad, leading me to realize that the true value of my flight ticket
25、s were not the landmarks, but rather becoming an active participant in my own life.” 事 实上，我几乎不需要出国就可体验我最喜欢的经历。这些都是发生在国外的日常小事，让我意识到我的机 票的真正价值不是到了什么地方，而是这些经历成为我自己生活中的积极一部分。由此判断出作者前面列 举自己所经历的旅行都是为了说明自己从这些旅行中所获得的感悟，故选 C。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。从最后一段“I now spend less time online shopping and more time lying alone
26、 on the floor listening to an album cover to cover. I ask my friends how theyre doing. Sometimes I surprise them with flowers to see them smile. I tell everyone to have a good day.” 我现在很少花时间网上购物，更多的时间独自躺在地板上， 从头到尾听一张专辑。我问朋友们最近生活怎么样。有时我送花给一个惊喜，看他们笑。我告诉每个人都 拥有美好的一天。由以上的内容可判断出，作者更热爱生活享受生活，更关心朋友，B 项(她开始
27、更加享受 日常生活）符合题意，故选 B。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者因为厌倦了自己的日常工作，而选择独自出国旅行，在走过很多地方， 看过很多风景之后，作者发现，旅行中打动自己的其实都是生活中的一些细节，而这些不需要出国旅行就 能找到。也不要认为别处的生活会更好。故选 A。 C Ants know when an earthquake is about to strike, researchers have discovered. Their behavior changes significantly prior to the quake and they resume n
28、ormal functioning only a day after it. Gabriele Berberich of the University Duisburg-Essen in Germany presented these findings on Thursday at the European Geosciences Union annual meeting in Vienna according to LiveScience. Berberich and her colleagues discovered that red wood ants preferred to buil
29、d their colonies right along active faults in Germany. They counted 15,000 mounds (土堆)）lining the faults. These faults are the places where the earth violently bursts in earthquakes. Using a special camera that tracked changes in activity. Berberich and her colleagues tracked the ants round the cloc
30、k for three years, 2016 to 2019. They found that the ants behavior changed only when the quake was over magnitude (级数） 2. There were 10 earthquakes between magnitude 2.0 and 3.2 during this period, and many smaller ones. Humans can also sense quakes of over magnitude 2 only. According to Berberich,
31、normal ant activity consists of going about collecting food etc,during the day and resting in the night But before an earthquake, the ants didnt go back to their mound in the night and moved around outside it. This strange and abnormal behavior continued till a day after the earthquake, Berberich to
32、ld a news conference, according to Livescience. How do ants know an earthquake is coming? Berberich suggested that they could either be picking up changing gas emissions or noting tiny changes in the Earths magnetic fields (磁场）. “Red wood ants have special cells which can detect changes in carbon di
33、oxide levels. They also have special cells for detecting electromagnetic fields.“ she said. Berberich and her colleagues are planning to continue the research in areas where there are more and bigger earthquakes 8. Whats the meaning of the underlined word “resume“ in Paragraph 1? A. Form. B. Avoid.
34、C. Recover. D. Improve. 9. Whats the function of the first paragraph? A. To lead to the main topic. B. To describe a new species of ant, C. To introduce a famous researcher D. To tell how to predict an earthquake. 10. What happens to the ants before an earthquake? A. They have no appetite. B. They a
35、re too excited to rest. C. They get lost on their way home. D. They refuse to go inside their nests. 11 What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A. Ants can only detect smaller earthquakes. B. The result of the research is completely reliable. C. Ants may have two ways to predict earthquakes. D
36、. Researchers dont know how ants predict earthquakes. 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【分析】 本文为说明文。文章通过对红木蚁的追踪研究发现，蚂蚁能预测地震的发生。 【8 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段“This strange and abnormal behavior continued till a day after the earthquake” 这种奇怪和反常的行为一直持续到地震后的一天。所以研究人员发现，蚂蚁知道地震何时来 袭。他们的行为在地震前发生了很大的变化，那么在震后很快就 “恢复”
37、正常了。故可推断出“resume” 的意思为“恢复”。故选 C。 【9 题详解】 推理判断题。文章第一段“Ants know when an earthquake is about to strike, researchers have discovered”提出了蚂蚁能预测地震的发生。接着在第二段一直到最后一段叙述了 Berberich和她的同事对 红木蚁的追踪研究，得出了红木蚁是如何知道地震的来临。因此可推断出第一段是为了引出下文的主题。 故选 A。 【10 题详解】 细节理解题题。第四段“But before an earthquake, the ants didnt go back t
38、o their mound in the night and moved around outside it. This strange and abnormal behavior continued till a day after the earthquake,” 但在地震前，蚂 蚁晚上没有回到自己的土堆(巢穴） ，而是在巢穴外活动。此处的 their “mound”是指蚂蚁的“nests(巢 穴）”，由此可知，蚂蚁在震前没有进入它们的巢，故选 D。 【11 题详解】 推理判断题。 根据最后一段 How do ants know an earthquake is coming? Berbe
39、rich suggested that they could either be picking up changing gas emissions or noting tiny changes in the Earths magnetic fields (磁场）. “Red wood ants have special cells which can detect changes in carbon dioxide levels. They also have special cells for detecting electromagnetic fields.“ 蚂蚁如何知道地震即将来临?
40、 Berberich指出他们要么是在监测不断变化的气体排放， 要么是注意到地球磁场的微小变化。“红木蚁有特殊的细胞，可以检测二氧化碳含量的变化。他们也有特殊 的细胞来探测电磁场。”由此判断出， 蚂蚁可能有两种方法来预测地震，即检测二氧化碳的变化和探测电磁 场。故选 C。 【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存， 推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。第 4 小题属于推理判断题。推理判断 题。 根据最后一段How do ants know an earthquake is coming? Berberich suggest
41、ed that they could either be picking up changing gas emissions or noting tiny changes in the Earths magnetic fields (磁场） . “Red wood ants have special cells which can detect changes in carbon dioxide levels. They also have special cells for detecting electromagnetic fields.“ 蚂蚁如何知道地震即将来临? Berberich
42、指出他们要么是在监测不断变化的气体排放，要么是注意到 地球磁场的微小变化。“红木蚁有特殊的细胞，可以检测二氧化碳含量的变化。他们也有特殊的细胞来探 测电磁场。”由此判断处， 蚂蚁可能有两种方法来预测地震。故选 C。 根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论， 从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做 题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字 信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意， 切忌
43、片面思考，得出片面结论。 D More than 11,000 scientists are warning that the Earth, in their words, “clearly and unequivocally (明确地） faces a climate emergency.” The scientists represent several fields of study and come from 150 countries around the world. They approved a report that appeared in the publication B
44、ioscience earlier this month. It warns that the world would face “untold human suffering“ if it does not make deep and lasting shifts in human activities that influence climate change. Three leaders of the study are from the United States. They worked on the study with scientists from universities i
45、n South Africa and Australia. This is the first time a large group of scientists have jointly (共同地）used the word “emergency“ when talking about climate change. “Despite 40 years of global climate negotiations .we have generally conducted business as usual and have largely failed to address this worr
46、ying situation,” the study said. “Climate change has arrived and is accelerating faster than many scientists expected.“ The report identified five areas that the world needs to deal with immediately. The scientists appealed to nations to use energy more efficiently and cut their use of fossil fuels.
47、 They suggested that lawmakers approve taxes on the burning of carbon-based fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas. The report urges people to move toward more of a plant-based diet. Other areas of concern include preventing the destruction of forests and permanent loss of some plant and animal sp
48、ecies. The report noted that it will most likely take strong actions by the public to move politicians to approve lasting policy changes. The scientists added, “We believe that the prospects (前景）will be greatest if decision-makers and all of humanity quickly respond to this warning and declaration o
49、f a climate emergency, and act to support life on planet Earth, our only home.” 12. What will happen to people if they dont stop the activities that influence the climate change? A. They will have no places to live in. B. They will be fined and lose their jobs. C. They will become bored with their life. D. They will go through a lot of sufferings. 13. What have people done when facing the climate change in the past 40 years? A. They have ignored the scientists warning, B. They have solved the problem successfully. C. They have talk