1、Lesson 3 Scientific Breakthroughs 默写练习默写练习(三三) .写出下列单词的汉语意思(共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分) 1microscope n显微镜 2procedure n步骤；程序 3organ n器官 4telescope n望远镜 5mist n薄雾 6navy n海军 7circuit n电路 8microwave n微波炉 9patent n专利 10jet n喷气式 .写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共 10 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 30 分) 11困境，进退两难的窘境 n.dilemma 12捐赠；赠送 vt.donate捐
2、赠 n.donation 13通信；符合 vi.correspond通信；一致 n.correspondence 14同时 adv.meanwhile 15分开；分离 vi.split 16最重要的 adj.premier 17直言的，坦率的 adj.outspoken 18结果，后果 n.outcome 19治愈 vt.cure 20努力解决；摔跤；搏斗 vi.wrestle .写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分) 21not to mention 更不用说 22在到之间变化或变动 range from.to. 23figure out 计算出；
3、弄清楚 24依据，按照 according to 25in fact 事实上，实际上 26be used to do.被用来做 27turn to 转向，求助于 28努力解决难以处理的事物 wrestle with sth. 29go out 熄灭 30be dedicated to.致力于 .完成句子(共 5 小题；每小题 6 分，满分 30 分) 31In the summer of 1905，this outspoken young man was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired.1905 年的夏天，
4、 这位直率的年轻人正摇着他一岁大的孩子，这时他突然 产生了灵感。 32Einstein had already become world-famous when a young ex-lawyer, returning from the First World War，started work in California.就在爱因斯坦的名声响彻世界之时，从第一次世界大战 的战场上回来的一个年轻律师，开始了他在加利福尼亚的工作。 33He double-checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria had b
5、een destroyed. 他仔细检查了一下，看到碟子里有一种青霉，其周围的细菌都被消灭了。 34This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin，which Fleming realised could be used to kill bacteria. 实际上这些青色的霉斑正是青霉素的自然状态，弗莱明意识到青霉素可能被用来杀死细菌。 35There is no doubt about it. 关于这一点是毫无疑问的。 .True(T) or False(F) 1The person who discovered peni
6、cillin was Alexander Fleming.(T) 2Fleming had been studying bacteria in his laboratory when the discovery happened.(F) 3During the Second World War，Flemings discovery helped to cure plenty of people.(T) 4Percy Spencer discovered microwaves by mistake.(T) .Read the passage carefully and choose the be
7、st answer. 1Why would people have a real dilemma，if they had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century? ABecause different people have different ideas and its difficult to choose. BBecause there were no great discoveries in the 20th century. CBecause there was no common stand
8、ard to judge. DBecause so many amazing discoveries were made in medicine，communications，transport and many other fields，and they all had a great influence on the world. 答案 D 2How did Einstein think of the equation “Emc2”？ AWhen he was at work. BHis assistant helped him. CWhen he was rocking his one-
9、year-old baby，he was inspired. DHis dream inspired him. 答案 C 3Whose discovery can be used to save peoples lives according to the text? AAlexander Flemings. BEdwin Hubbles. CAlbert Einsteins. DEckert and Mauchlys. 答案 A 4Whats the original purpose of designing the first computer? ATo do some difficult
10、 experiments. BTo improve the accuracy of the missiles. CTo help people make mathematics calculations. DTo replace the missiles as a new weapon. 答案 B 5Which of the following is NOT true according to the text? AHubble discovered our galaxy is bigger than we thought it was. BThe blue mould was in fact
11、 the natural form of penicillin. CBreakthrough discoveries that have affected our lives never happened by mistake. DThe first computer was hard to program. 答案 C 重点词汇 Amazing discoveries were made in medicine，communications and transport，not to mention our knowledge of the world and space. 医学、通讯和交通运输
12、方面都有了惊人的发现，更不用说我们对世界和空间的了解了。 not to mention 更不用说；且不说 let alone 更不用说 without mentioning 更不用说 mention.to.向提及 mention doing sth.提到做某事 Dont mention it.(别人道谢时回答)不客气。 make mention of 提到 (1)The weather here is pleasant，not to mention the wonderful food. 这里的天气太好了，更不用说美食了。 (2)I will mention it to her when I
13、see her tomorrow. 明天我见到她时会向她提起这件事。 (3)Every time I mention taking(take) a swim in the river，she always seems unhappy. 每当我提起去河里游泳，她总是显得不高兴。 一句多译 (4)这篇文章提到了她的希腊之行。 This article mentioned a trip she made to Greece.(mention vt.) This article made mention of a trip she made to Greece.(mention n) Medical
14、advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to surgical procedures replacing diseased organs with donated ones. 人们在显微镜下发现了致病的原因， 掌握了用捐献的器官来替换病变的器官的外科手术程序， 诸如此类都是医学取得的进步。 donate vt.捐赠；赠送 donate sth.to.向捐赠某物 donation n捐赠；捐赠物；捐款 give/make a donation to.向捐赠 donor n捐赠者 (1)He
15、 didnt mention that he had donated 500 copies of books to your class. 他没有提到向你们班捐赠 500 本书的事情。 (2)We want to make a donation(donate) to the Project Hope，so we are organizing a charity show. 我们想为希望工程捐款，所以我们正在组织一场慈善演出。 高级表达 (3)Do you know the person who donates some money to that poor child every month?
16、 Do you know the person donating some money to that poor child every month? (用非谓语动词 改写) .the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing. 我们通信的方式由过去的写信发展为发电子邮件。 correspond vi.通信；相类似；相应；一致；符合 correspond with sb.与某人通信 correspond to 相当于；类似于 correspond with/to 与一致；符合 correspondence n通信；相符，相似
17、；一致，相当 in correspondence with 与有通信联系；与一致 (1)Have you been corresponding with him since you graduated from the university? 自从大学毕业后，你一直和他通信吗？ (2)The translation does not correspond to/with the original.译文不符合原意。 句型转换 (3)Your account of events does not correspond with hers. Your account of events does n
18、ot agree with hers. Your account of events is not in correspondence with hers. We started flying around the world and meanwhile，scientists figured out how to split the atom，previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe. 我们开始坐飞机环游世界，与此同时，科学家们还掌握了分裂原子的方法，原子先前被认为 是宇宙中最小的颗粒。 m
19、eanwhile(meantime) adv.同时，与此同时；其间 n.其间 in the meanwhile/meantime 在此期间；与此同时 for the meanwhile/meantime 暂时 (1)My daughter went to see her piano teacher this morning.Meanwhile/Meantime，I went shopping. 我女儿今天上午去见了她的钢琴老师。在此期间，我去购物了。 (2)We need some new curtains，but these will do for the meanwhile/meantim
20、e. 我们需要一些新窗帘，但这些暂时还可以用。 一句多译 (3)我做作业的同时，我的老师正在备课。 I was doing my homework and (in the) meanwhile/meantime my teacher was preparing lessons. I was doing my homework and at the same time my teacher was preparing lessons. I was doing my homework while my teacher was preparing lessons. figure out 弄明白，搞清
21、楚；计算出 一词多义 写出下列句子中 figure out 的汉语意思 (4)I cant figure out why he quit his job.弄明白 (5)Have you figured out how much the holiday will cost？计算出 figure in 把考虑在内 figure on 预料到；打算；计划 (6)Have you figured in the cost of food for our holiday？ 你把咱们度假的食物费用计算进去了吗？ (7)I hadnt figured on getting home so late. 我没有预
22、料到这么晚才回到家。 During the Second World War，when Flemings discovery was first helping to cure people，the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles. 在二战期间，当弗莱明的发现首次帮助治愈病人时，美国海军正在寻找提高导弹命中率的方 法。 cure vt.治愈；改正 n疗法；治疗；措施，对策 cure sb.of.矫正某人的；治愈某人的 a cure for.的疗法；解决的措施 (1)Moth was
23、 diagnosed with a serious disease.There was no cure，only pain relief.(2018 江苏) 莫斯被诊断为重病。不能治愈，只能缓解疼痛。 (2)The fresh air and exercise cured him of his headache.呼吸新鲜的空气和运动治好了他的头疼。 (3)The destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. 这些物种的破坏会妨碍研究人员找到治疗某些疾病
24、的方法。 易混辨析 cure，treat cure 表示“治愈”，宾语既可以是人，也可以是疾病，有时也表示“矫正；革除”。 treat 表示“治疗”时，多接人作宾语，强调“治疗”这一动作，并不说明是否治愈。 选词填空 cure，treat (4)The doctor was treating the girl who suffered from cancer. (5)Who was it that cured the old professor of his cancer? The navy turned to Eckert，an engineer，and Mauchly，a physicis
25、t，to wrestle with the problem and produce a machine to do the job. 海军部队向工程师埃克特和物理学家莫克利求助，希望他们能够设法解决这个难题，并研制 一种可以做这项工作的机器。 turn to 求助于；转向；翻到；变成 turn on 打开 turn off 关掉 turn down 音量等调低；拒绝 turn up 出现；调高 turn out 证明是，结果是 (1)The government turned to South Africa for help. 该政府向南非求助。 (2)It turned out that t
26、he man was right all along. 结果表明那个人一直是正确的。 (3)She turned down the job offer because she wanted a higher wage. 她拒绝了那个工作邀请因为她想要更高的工资。 (4)Its eight oclock， but the chairman hasnt turned up yet.都八点了， 但是主席还没有出现。 经典句式 In the summer of 1905，this outspoken young man was rocking his one- year- old baby when
27、he was suddenly inspired. 1905 年的夏天，这位直率的年轻人正摇着他一岁大的孩子，这时他突然产生了灵感。 句中用了“be doing.when.”结构，其中 when 为并列连词，意为“这时(突然)”。 when 作并列连词时还常用于下列句式中： be about to do.when.正要做这时(突然) be on the point of doing.when.正要做这时(突然) had just done.when.刚做完这时(突然) (1)I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I wa
28、s on the wrong road. 我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现我走错路了。 (2)He was about to run away/on the point of running away when the police rushed into the room. 他正准备逃跑，这时警察冲进了房间。 (3)I had just finished my exam papers when the bell rang.我刚做完试卷铃就响了。 (4)He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他正要走，这时有
29、人敲门。 单句改错 (5)The whole family were watching TV as when the telephone rang. He double- checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed. 他仔细检查了一下，看到碟子里有一种青霉，其周围的细菌都被消灭了。 around which the bacteria had been destroyed 是“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句， 修饰 a blue mould。 “介词关系代词”既可以引导限
30、制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，不能用 that 代替 which。 类似的结构：“介词whom”引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是人。 (1)I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved. 我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有钱。 (2)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.科学家们已经提出许多关于为什么人类哭泣时会流泪的理论，其
31、中没有一个得到 证实。 (3)Many young people，most of whom were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐梦想，他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。 句型转换 (4)The boy has a great many books and some of them are interesting. The boy has a great many books，some of which are interesting. .单句语法填空 1My wife
32、mentioned seeing(see) you the other day. 2The rich man was so generous that he made a large donation(donate) to the charity. 3Take it easy！This medicine can cure you of your toothache. 4The Woodland Trust is dedicated to preserving(preserve) our native woodland. 5She still corresponds with American
33、friends she met nine years ago. 6The young manager spent all the day wrestling(wrestle) with the difficult problem. 7It took them about one month to figure out how to start the equipment. 8We cant afford a car，not to mention(mention) the fact that we have no garage. 9In our class there are 46 studen
34、ts，half of whom wear glasses. 10When Im in trouble，I often turn to my parents for help. .完成句子 11I had just gone to bed when the phone rang. 我刚上床睡觉，电话铃就响了。 12Maria has written two novels，both of which have been made into television series. 玛丽亚写了两部小说，都被拍成了电视剧。 13The man with whom you talked just now i
35、s my neighbour.刚才与你交谈的那个人是我邻居。 14Mother was cleaning the room.Meanwhile/In the meanwhile，father was cooking. 妈妈正在打扫房间，与此同时，爸爸正在做饭。 15We were swimming in the lake when the storm started. 我们正在湖里游泳，这时突然下起了暴雨。 .课文短文改错 In just 100 years，the world changed complete.Amazed discoveries were made in many ways
36、.Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery，but it is possible to single out few pioneers of the 20th century.“Emc2” was born when Albert Einstein is suddenly inspired.Edwin Hubble，an astronomer，discovered small area of mist where were in fact galaxies.Alexander Fleming discove
37、red a natural form of penicillina blue mould.The worlds first computer were produced by Eckert，an engineer and Mauchly，a physicist.With these breakthroughs，the world would have been a completely different place. 答案 In just 100 years，the world changed complete completely. Amazed Amazing discoveries w
38、ere made in many ways.Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery，but it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century.“Emc2” was born when Albert Einstein is was suddenly inspired.Edwin Hubble， an astronomer， discovered small area areas of mist where which/that were in fact galaxies.Alexander Fleming discovered a the natural form of penicillina blue mould.The worlds first computer were was produced by Eckert，an engineer and Mauchly，a physicist. With Without these breakthroughs，the world would have been a completely different place. 形式。