1、第二节第二节 段中设空题段中设空题 (2019 全国) Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question： “Should I jump？”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. 36 Like the child on the diving board，you will stay
2、undecided. 37 More than that， how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First， you need to evaluate yourself， your values, your strengths， your weaknesses， your achievements， your desires， etc.Only then should you set your goals. You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivati
3、on.This is quite important， because it is directly related to your commitment.There are times when your heart is not in your work. 38 So，slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment.Clarity(清晰) of thoughts can help you move forward. Another way of setting realistic goals is to analy
4、ze your short and long term objectives， keeping in mind your beliefs，values and strengths.Remember that goals are flexible. 39 They also need to be measurable.You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. Your personal circumstances are equally important.For example，you may want to be
5、 a pilot but cant become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 40 You should reassess your goals，and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal. You will surely need to overcome some difficulties，some planned，but most unplanned.You cannot overcome them without ample motivation.Make sure that you
6、plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals. AThis can affect your work. BSo how should you motivate yourself? CHowever，this should not discourage you. DSo why should we try to set specific goals? EThey can change according to circumstances. FMotivation is what you need most to do
7、a good job. GWithout motivation，you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动机和目标的关系以及如何激发动机并设定切实 可行的目标。 36答案 G 解析 根据空前一句“Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.”可知，此 处在讲动力和设定目标之间的关系，故 G 项“没有动力，你既无法设定目标，也无法实现目 标”符合语境。 37答案 B 解析 第一段阐述了动力和设定目标之间的关系，结合空后的“More th
8、an that，how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？”可知，空处与空后内容形成递进关系，故 B 项符合 语境。 38答案 A 解析 空前讲有时候你的心思并不在工作上，由此可知空处应选 A“这会影响你的工作”。 39答案 E 解析 根据空前一句中的“goals are flexible”可知， 目标是灵活的， 可变动的， 因此 E 项“它 们可以根据情况而改变”符合语境。 40答案 C 解析 空前一句说你可能想当飞行员，但因为视力不够好，你的目标不能实现。再结合空后 一句中的“reassess your goals.set a fr
9、esh goal”可知，C 项“然而，这不应该让你气馁”符合 语境。 一、题型解读 段中设空即主题句的展开句。 尤其注意分析空格前后的逻辑关系和行文逻辑及内容的连贯性， 注意各句间的衔接手段。其特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡 句，也可能是补充前文具体的事实、事例和说明。 二、解题技巧 1根据并列或递进关系解题 并列或递进关系主要指行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有 first(第一)，second(第二)，third(第三)；firstly(第一，首先)，secondly(第二，其次)，thirdly(第 三)；first(首先)，next(
10、其次)，then(那么，然后)；in the first place(第一，首先)，for another(其 次)；to begin with(首先，第一)，to conclude(最后)等连接词或词组，则表明前后两句是逻辑 上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。 如果空格前后两句之间有 also(也，而且)，further(进一步地，而且)，furthermore(而且，此外)， likewise(同样地，也)，similarly(相似地，类似地)，moreover(而且，此外)，in addition(另外)， whats more(更重要的是)，not only.but also
11、(不但而且)等连接词或词组，则表明前后两 句是逻辑上的递进关系，空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。 例如：真题感悟中的第 36 题。 该空上一句“Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.”提到了 motivation 和 goal setting 之间的关系。 所以下文中肯定要进一步讲解两者 之间的关系。G 项“没有动力，你既无法设定目标，也无法实现目标”符合语境。 再如第 39 题。由该空前一句“Remember that goals are flexible.”可知，设空处需要谈到 goals 的情况。下文中
12、的“They also need to be measurable.”说明目标需要有可衡量性。所以设空处 应该以目标作为主语， 讲述目标的特性， 所以选择 E 项， 意为“它们可以根据情况而改变。 ” 2根据转折或让步关系解题 转折或让步关系主要指行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有 however(然而)，nevertheless(然而，不过)，still(还，仍然)，though(尽管)，yet(然而)，on the contrary(正相反)，in contrast(与此相反，相比之下)，in comparison(比较起来，与比较)， by comparison(
13、相比之下)等连接词或词组，则表明前后两句话是逻辑上的逆转，空格处很有 可能表示转折或让步关系。 例如：真题感悟中第 40 题。上文提到了“你可能想当飞行员，但因视力不够好，你无法实 现目标”， 设空处后文提到“你应该重新审视你的目标， 并激励自己去设定一个新的目标”。 所以设空处应该与上文形成转折关系。C 项含有转折词 however。由此可知，选 C。 3根据因果关系解题 如果空格前后两句之间出现 as a result(结果)， thus/therefore(因此)， so/such.that(如此 以至于)等标志性词语，则表明前后句有着因果关系。 例如：真题感悟中第 38 题。该空上一句
14、提到“有时你的心思不在工作上”，及该空后一句 “所以，放慢脚步，想想你那时真正想做的是什么”，由此可知设空处应填“心思不在工作 上的”后果。A 项“这会影响你的工作”符合语境。 4根据解释例证关系解题 前后句的某一句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，用到的思维过程就 是基本的归纳(从例子到观点)和演绎(从观点到例子)。 A (2019 湖南衡阳联考) Finding 7spare change or an extra dollar in your pocket always feels like a victory. 1 Without thinking，you might h
15、ear the familiar rhyme in your head when you spot one on the sidewalk：“Find a penny，pick it up.All day long youll have good luck.” According to one theory，people originally thought pennies would bring good luck because of religious beliefs. 2 This theory also 8fueled other superstitions(迷信行为) like c
16、harm bracelets and metal horseshoes，which are also “lucky”Plus，metal currency like pennies were linked to more wealth and thus more luck.That might be a straightforward explanation. 9Another reason why people might have 1claimed pennies would bring good luck comes down to the battle between good and
17、 evil，which is like two sides of the coin.Finding a penny heads up meant youd have luck on your side，but tails up would mean the opposite. 3 Some people say that if you find a penny tails up，you should turn it over to make it heads up so that it can bring luck to whoever finds it next. 4 The Irish h
18、alf- penny，which stopped 2circulating in 1987，is especially lucky to anyone who finds one.Then there is also the old saying “Something old， something new，something borrowed，something blue，and a penny in the shoe.” 5 APennies From Heaven is a way of thinking. BBut the exact reasoning for this is unkn
19、own. CAnd even finding something worth as little as a penny is satisfying. DNo matter what the reason is，pennies are part of many lucky traditions. EPlacing a silver sixpence in the brides left shoe is said to be a symbol of wealth. FThese are all things brides should wear on their wedding day for g
20、ood luck in their marriage. GFolktales from ancient civilizations said metals were gifts from gods intended to protect people from evil. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了硬币会带来好运背后的习俗与文化。 1答案 C 解析 根据本空前的“Finding spare change or an extra dollar in your pocket always feels like a victory.”可知，在口袋里发现多余的零钱或额外的一美元感觉好像一场胜利
21、，本空后又提到 了“a penny”，故 C 项(甚至发现像一便士那么少的钱也能让人满意)符合语境。 2答案 G 解析 根据本空前的“people originally thought pennies would bring good luck because of religious beliefs”可知，由于宗教信仰，人们起初认为硬币能带来好运，故 G 项(古代文明中 的民间故事说，金属是神的礼物，旨在保护人们免受邪恶的伤害)符合语境。 3答案 B 解析 前面提到“如果你发现的硬币正面朝上则意味着好运，反面朝上则相反”，本空应该 解释原因。再根据本空后一句“有人说如果你发现硬币背面朝上，就
22、把它翻过来，让它正面 朝上， 这样它就会给下一个发现它的人带来好运”， 故 B 项(但是具体原因还不清楚)符合语境。 4答案 D 解析 根据本空后的“The Irish half- penny，which stopped circulating in 1987，is especially lucky to anyone who finds one.”可知，爱尔兰的半便士硬币于 1987 年停止流通，对于任何发 现它的人来说都是特别幸运的，故 D 项(不管原因是什么，硬币是许多幸运传统的一部分)， 承上启下，符合语境。 5答案 F 解析 根据本空前的“Something old，somethin
23、g new，something borrowed，something blue， and a penny in the shoe.”可知，一些旧的东西、一些新的东西、一些借来的东西，一些蓝色 的东西，还有鞋里的一枚硬币，根据常识，这些东西是美国婚俗中的一部分，故 F 项(这些都 是新娘在婚礼当天要穿戴的东西，以祈求婚姻美满)符合语境。 B Do you like writing a few paragraphs every day about your experiences，hopes，memories or feelings? If you dont，its time to make a
24、change now.Because write a few paragraphs every day about your experiences，hopes，memories，you will immediately begin to experience benefits to your personal growth and 3potential. You will gradually become better at expressing yourself. 6 However，when you become lazy with words，youll find it is more
25、 difficult to describe feelings，share experiences and make yourself understood. 7 As you write about memories， it is like opening an old photo album.Your pen begins to 6explore feelings and details you have forgotten and dreams you left behind.You suddenly remember people you would like to contact a
26、gain.Writing is an activity that avoids distraction(使人 分心的事物) long enough for you to explore those wonderful moments of the past.Sometimes they are frightening. 8 10Writing about daily experiences and feelings provides a recorded history that will influence how you make future decisions. 9 They lear
27、ned from what had happened before.Your history is important.Dont let it be forgotten. Writing reminds you of your dreams and keeps you moving toward them.It is a 5means of keeping track of your purpose and the goals that will lead you to achieve them. 10 It shows when you have been distracted and ma
28、y need to give all your attention again to your writing. Writing a little every day could provide the material that someday becomes a published book.When I wrote about my depression and my four- year- old granddaughter who got lost in the mountains，I never dreamed it would be in a book. AYou will re
29、member things long forgotten. BWriting keeps you 4energetic and full of imagination all the time. CSometimes they are wonderful and almost always they are helpful. DSooner or later，you are surely to become a great professional writer. EReviewing what you have written is a perfect way to see your pro
30、gress. FTheres a reason that the greatest leaders in history were students of history. GWhen you write daily，you can always be amazed at how quickly your writing skills improve. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们：每天写几段关于你的经历、希望、回忆、感 受的文章，你会立刻开始体验到这对你个人成长和潜能都有益处。 6答案 G 解析 上文提示“你会逐渐变得更善于表达自己”，G 项(当你每天写作的时候，你总是会惊 奇地
31、发现你的写作技巧提高得如此之快)切题。G 项中的 quickly your writing skills improve 和 上文中的 become better at expressing yourself 相吻合。故选 G。 7答案 A 解析 下文提示“当你写回忆的时候，就像打开一本旧相册”，A 项(你会记起那些早已遗忘 的事情)切题。故选 A。 8答案 C 解析 上文提示“写作是一种长期避免分心的活动，可以让你探索过去那些美好的时刻。有 时它们很可怕”，C 项(有时它们很棒，而且几乎总是有益的)切题。C 项中的 Sometimes 与上 文中的 Sometimes 相吻合，故选 C。 9
32、答案 F 解析 上文提示“记录下你的日常经历和感受，这段记录下来的历史将会影响你未来的决 定”，再根据下文提示“他们从以前发生过的事情中吸取了教训”，F 项(历史上最伟大的领 袖都是学历史的，这是有原因的)切题。关键词是 history，故答案为 F。 10答案 E 解析 上文提示“它是一种记录你的目的和目标的方法，这些目标将引导你实现它们”，再 根据下文提示“当你分心的时候， 它会显示出你可能需要把所有的注意力重新放在写作上”， E 项(回顾你所写的东西是见证你自己进步的一个很好的方法)切题。故选 E。 .障碍词汇突破 (一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思 1With the d
33、iscovery of the new medicine，scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fighting against cancer.声称，宣称 2The government plans to remove older coins from circulation and replace them with new ones. 流通 3It is obvious that the boy has potential for painting，but he needs training.潜能 4 The people
34、you know who regularly get involved in outdoor activities are probably outgoing and energetic in this way.充满活力的 (二)同义词语替换 5It is a means of keeping track of your purpose and the goals that will lead you to achieve them. method/approach/way 6Your pen begins to explore feelings and details you have fo
35、rgotten and dreams you left behind. search for (三)一词多义 7spare adj.闲置的；备用的 v抽出；省去 n.备用品 (1)Im afraid I havent got any spare cash.adj.闲置的 (2)If possible，keep a spare pair of glasses accessible in case yours is broken or lost.adj.备用的 (3)She said that she could only spare 35 minutes for our meeting.v.抽出
36、 (4)You could have spared yourself an unnecessary trip by phoning in advance.v.省去 (5)Unfortunately，Ive lost my key and I havent got a spare.n.备用品 8fuel n燃料 v给提供燃料；增加，刺激 (1)The ship crash caused between two and four tons of fuel to pour into the water.n.燃料 (2)The rapid promotion of the directors son
37、has fueled complaints within the company.v.增加，刺激 (3)The extra money paid to fuel the vehicles made local schools cancel three of their 20 bus routes last year.v.给提供燃料 .长难句理解 9Another reason why people might have claimed pennies would bring good luck comes down to the battle between good and evil，whi
38、ch is like two sides of the coin. 句式分析 本句为复合句，主干为 Another reason comes down to the battle between good and evil，其中 why 引导的是定语从句，修饰 another reason；which 引导非限制性定语从句，表 示“这一点，这件事”。 特殊词义：come down to (问题、决定等)归结为 精美译文 另一个人们可能声称硬币能带来好运的原因是善恶之争，就像硬币的两面。 10Writing about daily experiences and feelings provide
39、s a recorded history that will influence how you make future decisions. 句式分析 本句为主从复合句。 Writing about daily experiences and feelings provides.是动名 词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，即 provides。 that 引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词 a recorded history。 在定语从句中，含有一个 how 引导的宾语从句。 精美译文 记录下你的日常经历和感受，这段记录下来的历史将会影响你未来的决定。 强化练强化练(二十二二十二) .七选五 A
40、(2019 辽宁抚顺模拟) Zoo Animals VS Animals in the Wild Zoo animals usually live longer than their wild counterparts.This is because they have access to medical care and better nutrition in zoos.Moreover，there is a lack of predators(捕食者) 1 Elderly wild animals lose their strength，ability to find and digest
41、 food and often lose their social standing in their species social structure.Zoos are learning how to care for old animals. Boredom is a big problem for animals in zoos and something animals in the wild do not have to face.Animal experts believe that a small place produces boredom. 2 They also provi
42、de companions and hide pieces of food so the animals have to search for it as in the wild. 3 A case in point is the Asiatic wild horse.The species was hunted to extinction in the wild by 1969.The entire world population now lives in zoos and nature preserves.The largest population is kept at the Nat
43、ional Zoo in Washington DC.All of those animals were zoo- born. Animals living in the wild may come into contact with people.The animals may hunt livestock(家畜) or eat farmers crops. 4 In good zoos，people can see that these animals are not just able to make trouble，but lead complex lives.This can hel
44、p people save the animals and the habitat needed to keep the animals alive in the wild. Animals often reproduce better when they are in the wild. 5 One of the remarkable examples is the female giant panda.Using artificial(人工的) means has helped raise the worldwide panda population.Also，by trying to r
45、ecreate the animals natural living conditions as much as possible，zoo animals will breed. AThe goals of zoos have changed. BHowever，some animals are an exception. CIf they live in the wild，they have to battle against them. DAs a result，they are considered harmful and are hunted. EEven so，it often le
46、aves one to wonder if the animals live well. FFor some species，living in zoos is the only way the species can survive. GSo good zoos have replaced all metal cages for those animals that used to live in large areas. 语篇解读 本文一篇说明文。文章讲的是动物生活在动物园和野外的优缺点。 1答案 C 解析 C 项中的 them 指上一句中的“predators(捕食者)”，“如果它们生活
47、在野外，就必须 得跟捕食者作斗争了”，故选 C。 2答案 G 解析 上一句提到“一个狭小的空间会产生厌倦无聊”，G 项“所以好的动物园已经替代了 所有金属制的笼子”，同时对应下一句“他们还提供了同伴并且藏了一些食物，为的就是让 动物们像在野外一样去寻找”。故选 G。 3答案 F 解析 下一句用马举了一个例子，并且提到这种马曾一度被猎杀至灭绝，故前一句应为“对 于某些物种来说，生活在动物园是它们唯一可以存活下来的方式”。故选 F。 4答案 D 解析 上一句提到“这些动物可能会猎杀家畜或吃庄稼”，D 项“结果，它们被认为是有害 的，然后就被猎杀了”切题。 5答案 B 解析 前一句提到“动物在野外繁
48、殖的效果会更好”，后一句却用相反的例子来表明人工繁 殖是增加大熊猫数量的有效方式，故 B 项“然而，有些动物是例外的”切题。 B (2019 山东潍坊一模) To an outsider，any culture can seem confusing.And the UKs got a thing or two that raises a few eyebrows.However，understand the why and things might be less puzzling. 6 . In a world where 61% of nations drive on the right，
49、Brits drive on the left.Why? Most people think it goes back to Medieval，maybe even Roman times. 7 when you remember that right- handed people wear a sword on their left hip.Travelling on the left allowed you to keep your weapon arm toward your opponent，who would be on your right.This practice continued until the 18th century when a law was passed requiring all traffic crossing London Bridge to keep to the left. Visitors to the UK that have just washed their han