1、第三节第三节 说明文说明文 (2019 黑龙江齐齐哈尔五校联考) Ive suffered from serious social anxiety and anger problems as long as I can remember. A couple of years ago I 1 what I thought was a good plan of keeping positive：every time I became 2 about something I couldnt change，Id do a casual act of 3 .Things like losing mone
2、y or not getting a promotion saw me 4 goods to our local food bank(食品赈 济处) At the 5 of this June I myself and my partner went on our first holiday in years.We climbed Mt.Teide. 6 I stood at the top with a state of high altitude， 7 in my brain seemed to burst.I felt 8 and came down that mountain as q
3、uickly as I could. This anxious feeling about the 9 in the early June lasted，but I went back to work and didnt 10 .I knew scares didnt 11 the problem.I actually removed my headphones to talk to someone I knew in the street.I was 12 .I went to the supermarket and 13 ，which kept me cool.I lost some mo
4、ney，but I thought it was only money. When I got home，I turned on the computer.Beyond my 14 ，I found this site and the smile 15 through surfing on the web.In the 16 were these smile cards which Id never heard of.So here I am! I changed my 17 acts plan after the early June trip， for every day I was an
5、xiety- free.Id do something to say thank you to life for a good day.By now Ive 18 food for humans and pets in need of help，and helped strangers 19 their shopping upstairs.The universe was possibly sending me a 20 message with the smile cards. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章作者介绍了自己克服焦虑和气愤的方法及保持积极乐观 的经历。 1A.came up
6、with Bbroke away from Cput up with Dended up with 答案 A 解析 几年前， 我想出了一个我自认为能保持积极乐观的好办法。 根据句意可知选 A。 come up with 提出； break away from 从脱离；put up with 忍受； end up with 以结束。 2A.happy Bconcerned Cfearful Dangry 答案 D 解析 由上文的“serious social anxiety and anger problems”可知，空处指每次我对于不能改 变的事情生气时， 我会做慈善。 故选 D。 happy
7、 快乐的； concerned 担心的； fearful 害怕的； angry 生气的。 3A.voluntary work Bcharity Cshopping Ddriving 答案 B 解析 由下句中的“goods to our local food bank”可知我做的是慈善。 故选 B。 voluntary work 志愿工作；charity 慈善；shopping 购物；driving 驾驶。 4A.lending Bthrowing Coffering Dwasting 答案 C 解析 此处指作者向食品赈济处提供物品，故选 C。offer sth.to sb.提供某物给某人，符合
8、语 境。lend 借；throw 扔；waste 浪费。 5A.start Bmiddle Cend Dtop 答案 A 解析 联系下段的“in the early June”可知， 这里的时间是六月初。 故选 A。 start 开始； middle 中间；end 结束；top 顶端。 6A.As BUnless CIf DThough 答案 A 解析 当我站在海拔高度很高的山顶时，我脑子里好像有东西要爆炸。根据句意可知选 A。 as 当，因为，随着，作为；unless 除非；if 如果；though 尽管。 7A.nothing Beverything Csomething Danythin
9、g 答案 C 解析 nothing 没有东西； everything 每样东西； something 某个东西； anything 任何东西。 句意参见上题解析。故选 C。 8A.pleased Bhelped Cexcited Dworried 答案 D 解析 根据语境和下文的“This anxious feeling”可知，空处指我感到很担心(worried)，所以 尽快地下了山，故选 D。 9A.hiking Bclimb Cflight Drace 答案 B 解析 根据上下文可知，这里说的是六月初我对爬山的焦虑情感一直持续，故选 B。 10A.wait Bleave Cpanic Dh
10、esitate 答案 C 解析 联系下句“害怕不能解决问题”可知，作者回去工作了，而且没有恐慌。故选 C。wait 等待；leave 离开； panic 恐慌；hesitate 犹豫。 11A.find Bconsult Creject Dsolve 答案 D 解析 因为我知道害怕不能解决问题。根据句意可知选 D。find 发现；consult 咨询；reject 拒绝；solve 解决。 12A.frightened Bcalm Cdisappointed Dsad 答案 B 解析 由下文的“kept me cool”可知，我很镇静。故选 B。frightened 感到害怕的； calm 镇
11、 静的，冷静的； disappointed 失望的；sad 伤心的。 13A.shouted Bcried Cworked Dshopped 答案 D 解析 由空前的“went to the supermarket”和空后的“lost some money”可知， 我去超市购物 了。shout 大叫；cry 哭，喊； work 工作，起作用；shop 购物。 14A.reach Bability Cexpectation Dtouch 答案 C 解析 联系下文“these smile cards which Id never heard of”可知，这些笑容卡是我之前从 未听说的， 由此可推知
12、我发现这个网站和笑容卡是意料之外的。 beyond expectation 出乎预料， 意料之外。故选 C。 15A.cards Bpictures Cwords Dvideos 答案 A 解析 联系下文“these smile cards which Id never heard of”可知，我发现了这个网站和笑 容卡。故选 A。 16A.drawer Bweb Croom Dbook 答案 B 解析 联系上句“surfing on the web”可知这些笑容卡在网上。故选 B。 17A.serious Bcasual Cgeneral Dwasteful 答案 B 解析 联系上文的“Id
13、 do a casual act of”可知，六月初的旅行之后我改变了这种随意的 (casual)的行为计划。故选 B。 18A.donated Bexchanged Csold Dstolen 答案 A 解析 由下文的“helped strangers”可知，此处指的是捐赠食物。故选 A。donate 捐赠； exchange 交换； sell 卖；steal 偷。 19A.sell Bbuy Cfind Dlift 答案 D 解析 根据语境可知，此处指我帮助陌生人提东西上楼梯。故选 D。sell 卖；buy 买；find 发 现；lift 举起，抬高。 20A.bad Battractiv
14、e Cpositive Dpassive 答案 C 解析 联系第二段中的“what I thought was a good plan of keeping positive”可知， 作者是想找 到保持积极乐观的计划。故可推知，此处指宇宙可能用笑容卡给我发了一条积极的信息。故 选 C。bad 坏的；attractive 有吸引力的；positive 积极的；passive 被动的，消极的。 一、题型解读 说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等进行 介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空有如下命题特点： 1文章多用一般现在时态。 说明文通
15、常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明，与时间的变化 关系不大，所以文章常用一般现在时态。 2语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述。 说明文的目的是要帮助读者认清事物，明白 事理，所以语言简练、平实，易于理解，内容客观真实。 3文章主题明确，层次分明。 高考说明文类完形填空往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象， 从而为同学们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。 而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使 文章结构清晰，层次分明。 二、解题技巧 1明确说明对象，理清段落关系。 通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角 度和侧面对其加以说明的。 在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间 的关系，
16、加深对说明对象的理解。 2弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度。 在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象 进行解说。 把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。 常见的说 明顺序有时间顺序、 空间顺序、 逻辑顺序(如因果关系、 果因关系、 先主后次等)和认识顺序(如 由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。 另外，在理清作者思路的基础上， 还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意思。 (2018 河北衡水中学一调) Do you ever feel like you are studying a mad rush of one subject
17、after another? When things happen at such a 1 1pace，it is easy to lose sight of what you are learning.It is important to 2 every now and then to think about what youve been learning. 8Self- reflection means stopping the mad rush and 3 yourself so your brain can 5evaluate what it has already 4 .Some
18、people prefer to do their self- reflections 5 ，while others keep a 2journal.Either method can work，depending on what your own personal 6 is. School textbooks are often divided into units.This can make it 7 for someone to begin the process of self- reflection.Watch for the times when you complete a u
19、nit of study.Sometimes you are reminded that the unit is 8 because there is some kind of test or 3quiz.Use these natural 9 as 7opportunities to stop and reflect. You should find a 10 placeanywhere without noise is OK.This can even be sitting at your desk at school when you finish something 11 and th
20、e other students are still working.If you are going to take notes，take out your journal.Write down some notes on things that you 12 learned in this unit.Let your mind think about the notes you have written and make some 13 . 9Sometimes just 4pausing to think deeply allows your brain to make connecti
21、ons 14 new information can quickly appear when you 15 it again.Next，think about things that you still wonder about. 16 ，maybe you learned about a certain body system，but you dont 17 how it works with the other body systems.Maybe you learned a new way to solve a math problem， but youre not sure when
22、to use it.Writing down your 18 will help you remember to continue seeking answers the next time you 19 the same topic. Self- reflection is an 6essential skill for a 20 student.If you have never taken the time to reflect，try it now. 语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自我反思的定义以及它是如何帮助学生 学习的。 1A.steady Bfast Crelaxin
23、g Dunique 答案 B 解析 根据前文的“a mad rush of one subject after another”可知，此处是指比较快的(fast)节 奏。故选 B。 2A.change Bcheck Cstop Dexercise 答案 C 解析 时不时地停下来(stop)回想一下你一直在学的东西是非常重要的。故选 C。下文的 “stopping the mad rush”亦是提示。 3A.calming Benjoying Cbehaving Dhelping 答案 A 解析 根据上文提到快节奏的学习以及空前的“stopping the mad rush”可知，此处应是指让
24、自己平静下来。故选 A。calm 使平静。 4A.dealt Bforgotten Cfound Dreceived 答案 D 解析 平静下来，让你的大脑能评估它接收到的东西。receive 接收，收到，符合题意。故选 D。 5A.personally Bmentally Cslowly Ddirectly 答案 B 解析 与下文的“keep a journal”相对应，此处应指在心理上反思，故选 B。 6A.pace Bgrade Cskill Dstyle 答案 D 解析 这两种方法都会奏效，这取决于你自己的风格。故选 D。 7A.quick Bnecessary Ceasy Dhard
25、答案 C 解析 make it easy for sb.to do sth.使某人容易做某事。 根据前文的“教科书被分成单元”可知 选 C。 8A.finished Bdivided Cinterrupted Dcovered 答案 A 解析 与下文的“test or quiz”相对应，应是这部分完成了。故选 A。 9A.breaks Btests Cunits Dperiods 答案 A 解析 根据空后的“as opportunities to stop and reflect”可知，此处指利用这种自然的停顿去 反思。故选 A。break 停顿。 10A.safe Bfamiliar Cqu
26、iet Dcomfortable 答案 C 解析 根据下文的“without noise”可知，此处指选一个安静的(quiet)地方，故选 C。 11A.correctly Bfinally Cearly Dindependently 答案 C 解析 与空后的“the other students are still working”形成对比，故 early“及早地”，符合题 意。故选 C。 12A.actively Bnewly Crapidly Dcarefully 答案 B 解析 记下你本单元新学到的东西。newly 最新，最近，符合语境。下一段中的“new information”亦是
27、提示。 13A.choices Bdecisions Cconnections Dimprovements 答案 C 解析 这里是指让新旧知识相连，也可参考下一段中的“allows your brain to make connections”。故选 C。 14A.in case Bso that Ceven if Das though 答案 B 解析 空后是前一分句的目的， 故选 B。 in case 万一； so that 以至于； even if 即使； as though 好像。 15A.seek Bshare Cshow Dneed 答案 D 解析 以便当你再次需要新信息时，它能够快
28、速出现。故选 D。 16A.In general BOf course CFor example DAs usual 答案 C 解析 根据上文内容和下文中的“maybe.”“Maybe.”可知，此处是在举例子，故选 C。 for example 例如。 17A.know Bdoubt Cbelieve Dremember 答案 A 解析 但是你不知道(know)它是如何与身体的其他系统一起工作的。故选 A。下一句中的 “not sure”亦是提示。 18A.opinions Bmethods Cworries Dquestions 答案 D 解析 根据下文中的 answers 可知，此处是指写
29、下你的问题。故选 D。question 问题。 19A.come across Bget through Cthink of Dtake away 答案 A 解析 此处是指当下一次遇到相同的题目时。故选 A。come across 遇到。 20A.talented Bsuccessful Cserious Dyoung 答案 B 解析 自我反思是一个成功学生的基本技能。故选 B。successful 成功的。 .障碍词汇突破 (一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思 1We encourage all the students to study at their own pace.节奏
30、 2He has formed the habit of keeping a journal every day.日记 3Tom likes watching TV，especially likes watching quiz shows.智力竞赛 4He made a short pause and then went on reading.停顿 (二)同义词语替换 5We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.assess 6The words are essential for everybody to learn English
31、.necessary/vital 7May I take this opportunity to thank you for all your hard work.chance (三)一词多义 8reflection n反映；倒影；映像；深思；仔细考虑 (1)To some extent，students grades are a reflection of teachers.反映 (2)We looked at our reflections in the lake.倒影 (3)A week off would give him time for reflection.仔细考虑 .长难句理解
32、 9Sometimes just pausing to think deeply allows your brain to make connections so that new information can quickly appear when you need it again. 句式分析 本句是一个复合句， 主语部分为动名词短语 pausing to think deeply；so that 引导 目的状语从句。在从句中 when 引导时间状语从句。 精美译文 有时候仅仅是短暂地停下来深思一下就能使你的大脑建立联系，以便当你再次 需要新信息时，新信息就会很快速出现。 强化练强化练(
33、二十六二十六) .完形填空 (2019 宁夏石嘴山中学三模) As a child，I was always told to “eat my greens”These were the unappealing vegetables that sat on the edge of my plate.Peas， and green beans， all looked and tasted 1 .Lets face it， when there were so many other delicious treats to 2 ，why eat boring vegetables? Since the
34、n my taste buds have 3 and Im also fully aware of the health benefits of eating fresh vegetables.But we still need 4 of the amazing goodness these green super foods give us.In the UK，a campaign has been 5 for several years to encourage us to eat our “5 A Day”five portions of fruit and vegetables.Tha
35、ts 6 evidence has shown there are significant health 7 to getting at least five 80g portions of a variety of fruit and vegetables every day. But I struggle to try to fit these five portions into my daily 8 ，partly because I have a sweet 9 and vegetables are，well，tasteless.Researchers have been 10 ho
36、w to make eating vegetables more 11 .They analysed the psychology behind our food 12 and found that most of us are 13 by taste.Brad Turnwald from Stanford University says that “studies show that people 14 to think of healthier options as less tasty for some reason.” In Europe， a project called Veggi
37、eEAT has also been trying to find ways to get people to 15 more vegetables.Project leader，Professor Heather Hartwell believes in 16 encouraging people into eating the right things.One idea has been to put a 17 of a tasty looking fruit on a supermarket trolley as a 18 about buying something from the
38、fruit store.She says，“Choice is a really 19 thing.But making vegetables look attractive will increase their sales.” Certainly，eating “twisted citrus- glazed carrots” does sound tempting，even if it just 20 like a carrot，but if it makes us eat more vegetables then that can only be a good thing for our
39、 health. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项旨在提倡人们多吃青菜的研究，并介绍 了一些商家用来吸引顾客购买蔬菜的销售技巧。 1A.delicious Bdisgusting Cripen Dsweet 答案 B 解析 由第一段中的“unappealing vegetables”“boring vegetables”可知，空处应选 B。 disgusting 令人厌恶的。故选 B。 2A.buy Bprepare Cenjoy Doffer 答案 C 解析 有那么多美味的食品可以享受，为什么要吃这些令人讨厌的蔬菜？故选 C。 3A.developed Bappeared Ce
40、xisted Dshrank 答案 A 解析 从那时起，我的味蕾发展(即改变)了，并且我也充分意识到吃新鲜蔬菜对健康的好处。 故选 A。 4A.talking Binforming Creminding Dwarning 答案 C 解析 我们仍需提醒记得这些绿色的“超级食品”给我们带来的惊人益处。 talk 谈话； inform 通知；remind 提醒；warn 警告。故选 C。 5A.planning Brunning Caiming Dintending 答案 B 解析 在英国，一项活动已经持续了好几年。plan 计划；run 持续，延续；aim 旨在；intend 打算。故选 B。 6
41、A.why Bhow Cwhen Dbecause 答案 D 解析 这是因为有证据表明， 人们每天至少食用 5 份 80g 的水果和蔬菜会对健康有很大益处。 why 为什么；how 如何；when 当时；because 因为。故选 D。 7A.needs Bissues Cbenefits Drisks 答案 C 解析 need 需要； issue 问题；benefit 益处； risk 风险。句意参见上题解析。故选 C。 8A.diet Beducation Cwork Dexercise 答案 A 解析 但是我仍在努力把这五份食物融入我的日常饮食，部分原因是我爱吃甜食，而且觉得 蔬菜很无味
42、。daily diet 日常饮食。故选 A。 9A.tendency Btooth Cpreference Dappetite 答案 B 解析 句意参见上题解析。have a sweet tooth 爱吃甜食。tendency 倾向，趋势；preference 偏 爱；appetite 食欲，胃口。故选 B。 10A.showing Bdiscovering Creporting Dstudying 答案 D 解析 研究人员一直在研究如何让吃蔬菜更具吸引力，故选 D。 11A.attractive Bappropriate Cbeneficial Dindependent 答案 A 解析 句意
43、参见上题解析。 attractive 吸引人的， 诱人的； appropriate 合适的， 恰当的； beneficial 有益的；independent 独立的。 12A.wastes Bvalues Cchoices Djudgments 答案 C 解析 他们分析了我们选择食物时的心理，发现大部分人都是受味道的驱使。choice 选择。 故选 C。 13A.confused Bdisturbed Cchallenged Dmotivated 答案 D 解析 句意参见上题解析。motivate 使有动力；激发；激励。故选 D。 14A.manage Btend Cagree Ddecide
44、 答案 B 解析 由语境可知，此处指“人们会倾向于认为更健康的食物更难吃。”tend to do.倾向于 做。故选 B。 15A.grow Bharvest Cstore Deat 答案 D 解析 在欧洲，一个名为 VeggieEAT 的项目一直在尝试找出能让人们多吃蔬菜的方式。故选 D。下文的“eating the right things”亦是提示。 16A.suddenly Bslowly Cfirmly Dseriously 答案 B 解析 该项目领导者希瑟 哈特韦尔教授赞成慢慢地鼓励人们吃正确的食物。slowly 缓慢地。 故选 B。 17A.picture Blot Cvariet
45、y Dnumber 答案 A 解析 由空后的“a tasty looking fruit on a supermarket trolley”可知，此处指一张看起来美味 的水果的照片。picture 图片。故选 A。 18A.sign Bconcern Chint Dclue 答案 C 解析 其中一个想法是，把看起来很美味的水果图片放在超市的购物车上，以此来暗示消费 者去水果区域购买东西。hint 暗示。故选 C。 19A.complex Beasy Cquick Dcasual 答案 A 解析 她说：“选择是一件非常复杂的事情。 但是让蔬菜看起来有吸引力会增加它们的销 量。”complex 复
46、杂的。故选 A。 20A.looks Bsmells Cfeels Dtastes 答案 D 解析 由空前的 eating 可知，空处指吃起来像是胡萝卜，taste 品尝；尝出的味道。故选 D。 .阅读理解 (2019 河南郑州三模) For as long as weve known about it，humans have searched for a cure for cancer.Across the world，countless amounts of time and money have been spent on researching a way to stop the te
47、rrible disease. But now，it seems like the answer could have been inside our own bodies the whole time. Recently，the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US，a government agency thats responsible for healthcare，approved a new form of gene therapy that could mean the end of a certain type of cance
48、r. The therapy allows scientists to “train” the immune cells of sick patients to fight leukemiaa blood cancer that mostly affects young people. The exciting new treatment works by removing healthy immune cells from the patient，known as T- cells，which are then altered to be able to “hunt down” cancer cells. The cells are then put back into the patient，before they begin