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本文(高三英语语法填空与短文改错 第二部分 语法精析 第七节 特殊句式)为本站会员(hua****011)主动上传,七七文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知七七文库(发送邮件至373788568@qq.com或直接QQ联系客服),我们立即给予删除!

高三英语语法填空与短文改错 第二部分 语法精析 第七节 特殊句式

1、第七节第七节 特殊句式特殊句式 考向分析 热考点 高考语法填空及短文改错较少涉及特殊句式。 新考向 2019 年天津卷考查了倒装句。 题型一题型一 关于特殊句式的语法填空关于特殊句式的语法填空 1Chinas approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.(2018 全国) 答案 feeding 解析 考查状语从句的省略。句意为:中国在养活了全国人民的同时,又保护了环境。这

2、一 做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定者提供了很有用的经验。 while 后面省略了 China is, 构 成“连词现在分词”形式,故填 feeding。 2Ordinary soap, (use) correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively.(2018 北京) 答案 used 解析 考查状语从句的省略。used correctly 是 if it is used correctly 这个条件状语从句的省略 形式。句意为:普通的肥皂,如果使用得当,可以有效地清除细菌。故填 used。 3In any unsafe situation,simply

3、(press) the button and a highly- trained agent will get you the help you need.(2018 北京) 答案 press 解析 此处是“祈使句and陈述句”。 句意为: 在任何不安全的情况下, 只要按一下按钮, 训练有素的工作人员就会给予你所需要的帮助。故填 press。 4 It could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather th

4、an another thing to worry about.(2016 全国) 答案 make 解析 考查祈使句中的动词。根据句子结构可知,本句是 but 连接的并列句, 结构为“陈述 句but祈使句”。此处为祈使句,故谓语要用动词原形 make。 1祈使句and/or陈述句 2感叹句:记准 what名词或名词词组,howadj./adv. Whata/anadj.单数可数名词主语谓语(系动词)! Whatadj.复数或不可数名词主语谓语(系动词)! Howadj.a/an单数可数名词主语谓语(系动词)! Howadj./adv.主语谓语(系动词)! 3状语从句的省略 when/while

5、/after/until/till/if/unless/as(正如)/though 等引导的状语从句中,从句的主 语是 it 且从句的谓语含有 be 动词的某种形式时,省略主语和 be 动词, 如 if so/not, if ever, if any,if possible,if convenient 等。 状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语为 it, 且从句的谓语含有 be 动词的某种形式 时,从句的主语和 be 可同时省略。 1The professor warned the students that on no account they use mobile phones in

6、his class.(2019 天津) 答案 should 解析 考查倒装和情态动词。句意为:教授警告学生说在他的课上绝不应该使用手机。on no account(绝不)具有否定意义, 置于句首时, 句子应使用部分倒装结构; 再结合句意“不应该” 可知,应填 should。 2 It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.(2018 天津) 答案 that 解析 句意为:直到汽车停在我们的房子前时我们才看见莉莉坐在乘客座上。分析题干可知 本句是一个强调句,被

7、强调的是 only when 引导的时间状语从句。根据强调句的结构,可知 填 that。 3It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.(2017 天津) 答案 that 解析 考查强调句型。句意为:正是当我回到公寓时,我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。 强调句的判断方法是将 It is/was 与 that 去掉, 然后看剩余的部分是不是一个成分完整的句子。 经判断,“When I got back to my apartment,I first came across my new n

8、eighbors.”句子成分 完整,由此可断定本句是强调句,并且强调的是时间状语,故空格处应用 that。 4Not until recently they encourage the development of tourist- related activities in the rural areas.(2016 江苏) 答案 did 解析 考查倒装句。句意为:直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。根据句 首的 Not until recently 可知,本句要用部分倒装形式,encourage 表示的动作已经发生,用一 般过去时,故填 did。 1强调句 强调句型:It is

9、/was被强调部分that其他部分(强调的部分是人,也可以用 who, 去掉 it is/was 和 that 仍然是个完整的句子)。 It is/was not until.that.是对 not until 引导的时间状语从句的强调。 对谓语动词的强调是 do/does/did 动词原形。 2部分倒装: 形式:助动词/系动词/情态动词提前到主语前面,后面动词恢复原形。 条件:否定词放句首(hardly,seldom,never,little,not only,not until,by no means 等); only 状语(副词,介词短语,状语从句)放句首;副词 so 或 neither

10、(nor)在句首,表示前面所陈述的 情况“也”或“也不”, 如so do I, so are my friends, neither do I, so 修饰形容词或副词(位于句首)。 3完全倒装:谓语动词完全提前到主语前面。 here/there,up/down,now/then,in/out,away/off 或者表地点的介词短语放句首时, 用完全倒装。 there be 句型表客观存在性, there 不能替换为 they 或 it。 be 动词的数要和后面离它近的名 词保持一致。 如:There is a chair and several tables. There are sever

11、al tables and a chair. 题型二题型二 关于特殊句式的短文改错关于特殊句式的短文改错 1The instructor kept repeating the words,“Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” (2017 全国) 答案 TurningTurn 解析 句法错误。根据前面教练发出的两个指令可知,这三个句子属于并列结构,都是祈使 句,都以动词原形开头。 2At last,I will be on my own,but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever ne

12、ed help. (2016 全国) 答案 whenever 后加 I 解析 分析句子结构可知,whenever 引导的时间状语从句缺少主语,此处又不是状语从句的 省略。考虑上下文含义,故加上从句主语。 1祈使句的谓语动词均为原形,可以通过上下文和语境来判断是否使用。 2状语从句有省略情况,但是并非所有的都可以省略。 3 省略的状语从句中, 如果动词和主语是主动, 就用v.- ing 形式; 如果是被动, 就用v.- ed 形式。 1They were two reasons for the decision.(2019 全国) 答案 TheyThere 解析 考查 there be 句型。句

13、意为:有两个原因可以解释这个决定。故将 They 改为 There。 注意首字母大写。 2There have three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.(2014 新课标全国改编) 答案 haveare 解析 分析句子结构,此处表达“上午有三节课下午有两节课”。表示客观存在性的只能是 there be 句型。所以需要把 have 改成 be 动词。再考虑到就近原则,后面是复数名词 lessons, 故把 have 改成 are。 1there be 句型的含义是“有”,表示客观存在性。其中的 be 可以有不同的时态,可以和助

14、动词或情态动词连用。所以 there be 句型有以下几种变形: there seem(s/ed) to be there appear(s/ed) to be there happen(s/ed) to be there used to be there remain(s/ed) 2在强调句型中, 如果强调的是人,则可以用 who 或 that,而 which/what 都不对。 The spoken languages were enough in all my interactions(交往)Little do I know that I would discover my love f

15、or ASL(美式手语)(2017 全国改编) 答案 dodid 解析 考查倒装句。句意为:我的所有交往中用日常口语就已经足够了。我从来没想过我会 喜欢上美式手语。根据句首的 little 可知,本句要用部分倒装形式,前文中的 were 表示动作 发生在过去,用一般过去时,故把 do 改为 did。 部分倒装提前的是助动词、系动词和情态动词。 所以要格外注意主谓一致、时态一致。 增分训练增分训练 增分单句训练 .单句语法填空 1 It was in 1996 Song quit his job as a professor and purchased a 200,000 square mete

16、r plot of land in a mountainous forest area.(2019 广东揭阳二模) 答案 that 解析 考查强调句型。 该句使用强调句型, 并对句中的时间状语“in 1996”进行强调, 故填 that。 2Exceptions will be allowed for students with certain physical or mental conditions,if _ (prove) by medical staff.(2019 浙江舟山中学模拟) 答案 proved/proven 解析 句意为:如经医务人员证明,患有某些身体或精神疾病的学生可获豁

17、免。if 引导的是 省略句,省略了 it is,it 代指 certain physical or mental conditions,与 prove 之间是被动关系, 所以用过去分词形式。故填 proved/proven。 3 unforgettable the experience was!(2019 山西实验中学质检) 答案 How 解析 考查感叹句。结构为:Howadj.主语谓语!句意为:真是一次难忘的经历呀!因 为位于句首,首字母大写,故填 How。 4Around this point (develop) the story,which is humorous and full o

18、f a strong local flavor.(2019 天津和平区一模) 答案 develops 解析 考查完全倒装。句意为:围绕这一点展开的故事,幽默风趣,充满浓郁的乡土气息。 分析句子可知,around this point 为表示地点的短语,同时主语不是人称代词,故需用完全倒 装,把整个谓语放在主语之前。又因后文的 is 可知时态是一般现在时,主语 story 为单数形 式,故填三单形式 develops。 5I found the city fascinating to tour,but it was the desert really appealed to me. (2019

19、东北三省联考) 答案 that 解析 考查强调句型。把 it was 和该空去掉,这个句子仍然结构完整,语义清晰,所以这个 句子是一个强调句,所以填 that。 6I often wonder if it is mistrust causes misunderstanding and conflict between people. 答案 that 解析 考查强调句型。句意为:我经常想是不是不信任导致了人们之间的误解和冲突。本句 考查了强调句型,强调的是名词 mistrust,指物,使用 that 强调。故填 that。 .单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误) 1It was at that m

20、oment when I realized what I should do.(2019 湖南益阳模拟) 答案 whenthat 解析 考查强调句型。句意为:就在那一刻,我意识到我应该做什么。去掉该句中的 It was 和 that,剩余结构及句意完整。因此该句为强调句,故把 when 改为 that。 2When being asked about this question,a large number of people who are interested in the topic hold the view that its beneficial to clone humans.(2

21、019 东北三校联考) 答案 删除 being 解析 考查状语从句的省略。句意为:当被问及这个问题时,很多对这个话题感兴趣的人认 为克隆人类是有益的。在 when 引导的时间状语从句中,当主从句主语一致且含有 be 的某种 形式时,从句的主语和 be 可以省略,本句中省略了 they are,另外,此处并不表示正在进行, being 是多余的,故删掉 being。 3As your friend,I just want you to know how gladly I am at your success.(2019 山东泰安一模) 答案 gladlyglad 解析 考查感叹句的基本结构。句意

22、为:作为你的朋友,我只是想要你知道我对你的成功是 多么高兴。本句为感叹句,句中系动词是 am,所以 how 后接形容词,故将 gladly 改为 glad。 4There was so many people at the park,most of whom were old couples. 答案 waswere 解析 考查 there be 句型中的主谓一致。 句意为: 公园里有很多人, 大多数是老夫妻。 there be 句型为全部倒装句,主语为 so many people,所以谓语为 were。故将 was 改为 were。 5It is not until you experien

23、ce in person when you can get the real meaning from nature. (2019 陕西咸阳二模) 答案 whenthat 解析 考查强调句型。句意为:只有亲身体验,你才能从大自然中获得真正的意义。 故将 when 改为 that。 增分写作训练 特殊句式在写作中的应用 1As an English major,my learning experience contributes to my free communication with locals.(用强调句型升级)(2019 全国) As an English major,it is my

24、 learning experience that contributes to my free communication with locals. 2 It will not only be a great opportunity for you to show your excellence, but also we can cooperate with each other to win our glory.(用 not only 放句首的部分倒装句升级)(2019 全国) Not only will it be a great opportunity for you to show

25、your excellence,but also we can cooperate with each other to win our glory. 3If you are well- prepared,you will definitely feel confident.Therefore,you are more likely to score goals.(用“only状语”放句首的部分倒装升级)(2019 全国) Only if you are well- prepared will you definitely feel confident.Therefore,you are mo

26、re likely to score goals. 4If it is convenient,please come and enjoy the appealing performances to be held on the Music Festival.(用状语从句的省略升级)(2019 全国) If convenient,please come and enjoy the appealing performances to be held on the Music Festival. 强化练强化练(九九) .语法填空 A The population of the milu around

27、 Chinas Poyang Lake 1. (grow) from 47 to 55 since a group of the rare deer was released(释放) there about a year ago.Yang Qibo, who is in charge of Poyang Countys wildlife protection station, told the public that they had recorded 2. birth of 8 deer over the past year.Last April,3. (improve) biodivers

28、ity in the local wetland ecosystem, China released 47 deer into the wild around Poyang Lake,the countrys largest freshwater lake.The species sudden 4. (disappear) occurred around 1,000 years ago in this area.Local officials said the deer adapted well to the new environment and coexisted 5. (peaceful

29、) with local villagers.Whenever a deer 6. (spot),villagers would always report it to wildlife authorities.There were some cases 7. the villagers crops were damaged by the deer,but they usually chose to drive the deer away instead of hurting them.The milu,also known as P re Davids deer,is native to C

30、hina.In China it bears the 8. (humor) name “sibuxiang” or “like none of the four” for its unique features.The wetland deer species is put 9. A- level state protection after overhunting and habitat(栖息地) loss led to its nearly 10. (die) out in the early 20th century.Now about 6,700 deer live across th

31、e country,including 1,500 in the wild. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中国为挽救濒临灭绝的珍稀动物麋鹿所做的努力和成果。 1答案 has grown 解析 考查时态和主谓一致。since 引导的从句用了一般过去时,主句谓语动词的动作已经完 成,故要用现在完成时。population 作主语时,若作为一个整体看待,谓语动词常用单数; 若着眼于成员或个体, 谓语动词常用复数。 根据下文中的“from 47 to 55”可知此处是作为一 个整体看待,故此处用单数形式。 2答案 the 解析 考查冠词。 根据语境可知, 此处特指过去一年中八头麋鹿的出生, 是特

32、指, 故用定冠词。 3答案 to improve 解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处所在部分是非谓语动词短语,且作目的状 语,故要填不定式。 4答案 disappearance 解析 考查词性转换。此处作主语,要用名词形式 disappearance。 5答案 peacefully 解析 考查词性转换。空处修饰谓语动词 coexisted,故用副词 peacefully。 6答案 was spotted 解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语 a deer 是单数,与谓语 spot“发现”是被动关系, 要用被动语态;再根据主句的时态可知,从句要用一般过去时。注意:spot 的过去分词要

33、双 写 t,再加- ed。 7答案 where 解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词 cases,cases 表 示抽象的地点,且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故要用关系副词 where。 8答案 humorous 解析 考查词性转换。空处作定语修饰 name,故要用所给词的形容词形式 humorous “诙谐 的,滑稽有趣的”。 9答案 under 解析 考查介词。under 常与 protection 连用,表示“在的保护下”,故要用介词 under。 10答案 dying 解析 考查非谓语动词。lead to 中的 to 是介词,其后可跟名词、代词或动名词。

34、分析句子结 构可知,此处是动名词的复合结构,故填 dying。 B It was said that Shennong tasted 11. (vary) herbs in order to master the characteristics of herbal medicine.He was poisoned some seventy times a day but was cured by accidentally eating tea leaves.Since then,tea 12. (become) one of the most popular drinks first in C

35、hina and then all over the world. From historical records,tea was famous as a drink in the time of Confucius and grew in 13._(popular) during the Han Dynasty.By the time of the Tang Dynasty tea was the national drink of China,14. (spread) from court circles to being popular throughout Chinese societ

36、y.It was during this time 15. the practice of sending the finest teas to the emperors court as a tribute(贡品) to him developed. Ancient Tea Horse Road(茶马古道) was a trade route in 16. past, connecting Tibet, Yunnan and Sichuan.It had been the important path along which tea,horses,silk products and trad

37、itional Chinese herbal medicine were 17. (constant) transported and traded,also known 18. the Southern Silk Road. Today China remains one of the largest 19. (provide) of quality teas.Green teas represent 75% to 80% of Chinas current consumption.The rest of the production of green teas, and lots of t

38、he black teas 20. (export) 语篇解读 本文是说明文,主要介绍了中国茶文化的历史和现状。 11答案 various 解析 考查词性转换。据说为了掌握草药的特性,神农尝过各种各样的药草。此处需用形容 词 various 修饰名词 herbs。 12答案 has become 解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。自那时起,茶就首先在中国成了最受欢迎的饮料之一, 随后在世界流行。根据句中的“Since then”可知,此处应用现在完成时。又因主语是第三人 称单数,故填 has become。 13答案 popularity 解析 考查词性转换。in popularity 受欢迎,

39、流行,为固定短语。 14答案 spreading 解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应填非谓语动词,又 spread 与其逻辑主语 tea 之间为主谓关系,故应用其现在分词形式在句中作伴随状语。 15答案 that 解析 考查强调句。分析句子结构可知,本句为强调句型“It is/was被强调部分 that/who其他部分”,被强调部分为时间状语 during this time,故空处应填 that。 16答案 the 解析 考查冠词。in the past 在过去,为固定短语。 17答案 constantly 解析 考查词性转换。此处应用副词 constantly“经常地,持续不断

40、地”作状语修饰从句的谓 语动词。 18答案 as 解析 考查介词。be known as.作为而出名,为固定用法。 19答案 providers 解析 考查名词单复数。 今天中国仍然是最大的上乘茶叶供应国之一。 此处为固定结构“one of the形容词最高级可数名词复数”,表示“最之一”。故空处应填 providers。 20答案 are exported 解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语,此处表示一种 客观情况, 故应用一般现在时; 主语 The rest of the production of green teas, and lots of the b

41、lack teas 为复数,谓语动词应用复数;又 export 与主语之间是被动关系,故应用被动语态。 .短文改错 21 Everyone has an ideal.Some want to become soldiers to protect their motherland; other want to be teachers,scientists,or doctors to rescue the sick and the wounding.But I want to be shoe designer.I will invent a specially kind of shoes.They

42、 are very strong, because people can wear them to protect their feet wherever they go.They keep cold away,so people can keep them warm even in snowy weather.In either side of each shoe,there is a solar- powered lamp,which give off light.Therefore, when people walk in darkness, they will no longer fe

43、ar being trapped by something or stepped on something that may hurt them.To realize my ideal,I will study much more harder than ever. 答案 Everyone has an ideal.Some want to become soldiers to protect their motherland;other others want to be teachers, scientists, or doctors to rescue the sick and the

44、wounding wounded.But I want to be a shoe designer.I will invent a specially special kind of shoes.They are very strong,because so people can wear them to protect their feet wherever they go.They keep cold away, so people can keep them themselves或 them warm even in snowy weather. In On either side of

45、 each shoe,there is a solar- powered lamp, which give gives off light.Therefore,when people walk in darkness,they will no longer fear being trapped by something or stepped stepping on something that may hurt them.To realize my ideal,I will study much more harder than ever. 第一处:考查代词。some.others.“一些另一

46、些”。这里的另一些不是特指剩余的 全部, 就是另一些, 也就是说除了这里的一些, 另一些, 可能还有剩余的。 故 other 改成 others。 第二处:考查形容词。“the形容词”表示一类人。wounded“负伤的”符合句意。而 wounding 的意思是“伤人(感情)的,诋毁人的”。故 wounding 改成 wounded。 第三处:考查冠词。shoe designer 为可数名词,本句表示我想成为一名鞋设计师。所以应用 不定冠词 a/an 来修饰。又因为 shoe 的首字母发音为辅音音素,所以用不定冠词 a 来修饰。故 be 后加 a。 第四处:考查形容词。修饰名词 kind 用形容

47、词 special。故 specially 改成 special。 第五处:考查连词。分析句子可知,本句为因果关系,前半句为因,后半句为果。所以用 so 来连接。故 because 改成 so。 第六处: 考查代词或者删除多余词。 主语和宾语为同一个人时, 宾语用反身代词。 或去掉 them, 就变成了半系动词 keep 后接形容词。故 them 改成 themselves 或者去掉 them。 第七处:考查介词。on either side of 在的两侧,为固定用法。故 In 改成 On。 第八处:考查主谓一致。lamp 为先行词是单数形式,在后面的定语从句中作主语,且句子为 一般现在时,

48、所以用 gives。故 give 改成 gives。 第九处:考查动名词。or 连接的是 being 和 stepping。故 stepped 改成 stepping。 第十处:考查形容词比较级。部分双音节词和多音节词需要在其前面使用 more 来构成比较 级。harder 本身为比较级,所以 more 多余。故去掉 more。 22 Dear Tom, How are you getting along? I dont think this is a good idea to travel a lot and visit as many place as possible.Last July Bell paid a visit on Europe.Europe was very beautiful,but his holiday wasnt very nicely.He visited several countries,and was in each of the countries for only three days.He visited a good many places of interest,but was always in hurry.Though he returned from