1、二、间接信息题二、间接信息题 (2019 全国，A) Need a Job This Summer? The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs.The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program. Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools ava
2、ilable to help people under 30 build skills，find a job or start businesses all year round. Jobs for Youth If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province， you could be eligible(符合条件的) for this program，which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training. Who is eligible：Yo
3、uth 1518 years old in select communities(社区) Summer Company Summer Company provides students with hands- on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses. Who is eligible：Students aged 1529，returning to school in the fall. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
4、You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer. Who is eligible： Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire， but not turning 18 before December 31 this year. Summer Employment Opportunities(机会) Through the Summer Employ
5、ment Opportunities program，students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service，its related agencies and community groups. Who is eligible： Students aged 15 or older.Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability
6、. 语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了学生在暑假可以兼职的四个项目。 21. What is special about Summer Company? AIt requires no training before employment. BIt provides awards for running new businesses. CIt allows one to work in the natural environment. DIt offers more summer job opportunities. 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。根据 Summer Company 中的“S
7、ummer Company provides students with hands- on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.”可知，这个项目给创业的学生提供高达三千美元的奖金。 22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program? A1518. B1524. C1529. D1617. 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。 根据 Stewardship Youth
8、Ranger Program 中的“Who is eligible： Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire，but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知，学生的年 龄范围应该在 1617 岁，故选 D。 23. Which program favors the disabled? AJobs for Youth. BSummer Company. CStewardship Youth Ranger Program. DSummer Employment Opportunities. 答案 D 解析
9、 细节理解题。根据文章的最后一句“Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.”可知， Summer Employment Opportunities 对残疾人放宽了年 龄限制，给予了特殊照顾，故选 D。 一、题型解读 1话题特点 常考查间接信息理解类的话题有：(1)人物类；(2)故事类；(3)文化教育类；(4)史地自然类；(5) 社会生活类；(6)科普说明类。 2设问形式 特殊疑问句形式或填空形式： (1)According to the author/pas
10、sage，. (2)What can we learn about.? (3)What is/was the reason for.? 二、解题技巧“断章取义”定答案 第一步：阅读题干，确定关键词，锁定原文相关信息； 第二步：定位题干关键词的转换形式； 第三步：利用正确选项特征，确定答案。 正确选项特征： (1)用同义或近义词(组)复现。 (2)同根词或原词复现。 如 【真题感悟】 第23题题干中的disabled与原文“Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disabilit
11、y.”中的 disability 属于同根词复现， 可知答案为 D 项。 (3)语言简化。简化原文中的复杂语言现象，并设置为答案。 (4)反义词复现。把原文中的意思反过来表达。 A (2019 福建厦门质检) Many of the most 1striking beasts on the planet come in only two colors：black and white.These high- contrast markings represent some of the natures most 2diverse evolutionary choices.For some ani
12、mals，black- and- white coloring is a way to warn off natural enemies.For others，to keep insects away.For still others，it creates a clever 8cover.Spend some time exploring what science has discovered about these animals appearances，and you will see that basic black and white isnt so basic after all.
13、Skunk Depending on the species，black skunks may wear white spots that act as a cover or white stripes(条纹)that signal enemies to watch out for their smelly spray. Giant Panda Recent insights into panda coloring have come from studying each body part 3separately.Black ears indicate fierceness ， and di
14、stinct eye patches aid in individual recognition.The panda in while body hides it against snow，while its dark limbs(四肢) keep it from being 6spotted in forests，a 4compromise developed from its poor bamboo diet.Bamboo doesnt let pandas build up enough fat to hibernate(冬眠)，forcing them to spend winters
15、 in the snow. Badger Even when a badger is in its cave，its facial stripes can be seen.Zoologists say the warning coloration helps the small animal prevent natural enemies. Blackbuck(male) 10In bright sun，the bucks white stomach reduces the effect of the shadow cast by his back， allowing him to appea
16、r one color and two dimensionalespecially hiding from natural enemies in his own shadow. 语篇解读 这是一篇应用文。自然多样性进化选择的一种结果是世界上很多引人注目的野兽 都只有黑白两种颜色。这两种颜色帮助一些动物吓走天敌，帮助一些动物远离昆虫，还可以 帮助一些动物隐藏。文章以臭鼬、大熊猫、獾、雄性的印度羚四种动物为例，进一步证明了 黑白色不是那么简单。 1Which animals can use their colors to warn off natural enemies? ASkunk and B
17、adger. BGiant panda and Zebra. CBadger and Blackbuck. DZebra and Blackbuck. 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。由 Skunk 小标题下的内容可知，臭鼬身上白色的条纹是用来暗示敌人小 心它喷出恶臭的液体；由 Badger 小标题下的内容可知，獾脸上的条纹可以帮助它远离天敌。 故 A 项正确。 2White body and dark limbs help the giant panda to . Ashow fierceness Bstore fat Crecognize individuals Dtake cover 答案
18、D 解析 细节理解题。由 Giant Panda 小标题下的“The panda in while body hides it against snow，while its dark limbs(四肢) keep it from being spotted in forests.”可知，take cover(躲藏， 隐蔽)与“keep it from being spotted”是近义词组，故 D 项正确。 3What is the text mainly about? AWhich animals have black- and- white color. BHow some animals
19、 7protect themselves from harm. CWhy so many animals wear black- and- white coats. DWhat science has discovered about different colors. 答案 C 解析 主旨大意题。由文章第一段最后一句“Spend some time exploring what science has discovered about these animals appearances，and you will see that basic black and white isnt so b
20、asic after all.”可知，作者想和大家一起分享科学家们对这些动物外观的研究成果，让大 家明白黑白色并不是那么简单的，也就是说让大家知道为什么那么多动物只是黑白色。故选 C 项。 B (2019 湖南长沙雅礼中学模拟) Sally Dawly is a woman from Auburn，California.Over the last three and a half years，the anti- littering woman has spent most of her free time picking up cigarette butts(烟头) from the stre
21、ets of her home city. 11Called the “Butt Lady” by her local community，Dawly began her mission to rid the streets of her city of cigarette butts in October,2014.The woman looked for cigarette butts，picked them up and threw them in the trash.To keep a count of how many butts she picks up， the Butt Lad
22、y has been using a tablet(平板电脑)， and earlier this month， she hit a historic milestoneone million cigarette butts. “I got tired of going on my walks and seeing cigarette butts everywhere，” Sally Dawly said.“Im just shocked that I had to pick up so many.Ive ever picked up 3,000 butts in one day，” she
23、said.“Dont throw away your butts；better yet，stop smoking.” With so many cigarette butts littering the streets，can one persons efforts really 5make a difference? Surprisingly，the answer seems to be yes.Soon after the Butt Lady of Auburn started her mission and word of her efforts spread，cigarette can
24、s started appearing around bars and restaurants in the city.Members of the local community even came out to cheer her on as she approached her one- million- butt milestone. Sally knows her citys cigarette butt littering problem wont be solved anytime soon，but she hopes her work will inspire people t
25、o at least think twice before dropping cigarette butts in the streets.She has decided to continue cleaning up after irresponsible smokers，and already has a new milestone in her sightstwo million cigarette butts. 9Word of the Butt Ladys efforts to keep the streets cigarette butt- free has reached nei
26、ghboring communities as well，and CBS Sacramento reports that other cities have started seeking her help as well. 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。众所周知，吸烟有害健康，让人更加烦恼的是随处可见的烟 头。在美国加利福尼亚有这样一位“烟头女士”，她利用业余时间捡烟头，而且最近捡到了 第 100 万个烟头！ 4Why does Sally Dawly carry an iPad with her while picking up the butts? ATo entertain the cr
27、owds. BTo monitor the smokers. CTo attract peoples attention. DTo record the number of butts. 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。 由第二段第三句中的“To keep a count of how many butts she picks up， the Butt Lady has been using a tablet(平板电脑)”可知，为了记录自己捡到的烟头数量， “烟 头女士”带了平板电脑。keep a count of 对应 D 选项中的 record，同义词转化。故选 D。 5How did Sal
28、ly Dawly feel when picking up cigarette butts? AExcited but upset. BShocked and sorry. CFrightened but content. DAstonished and desperate. 答案 B 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，莎莉很厌烦看到这么多烟头，她对捡了这么多 的烟头感到震惊，并且劝告大家最好不要吸烟。因此她的感受是“震惊和难过的”。故选 B。 6From the text，what can be learned about Sally Dawly? AShe picks up near
29、ly 3,000 cigarette butts every day. BShe will work in other cities in California in the future. CShe has set a new goal of picking up two million cigarette butts. DShe picked up one million cigarette butts with members of her community. 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。倒数第二段末句“.and already has a new milestone in her s
30、ightstwo million cigarette butts.”中的“has a new milestone in her sights”对应 C 选项中的“has set a new goal”，属于同义转换。故选 C。 7What is the text mainly about? ACalifornias “Butt Lady” BFighting against smoking. CCalifornians health problems. DSmoking problems in California. 答案 A 解析 主旨大意题。本文讲了来自加利福尼亚州的一位女士利用业余时间捡
31、烟头，并且获得 了“烟头女士”的称号的故事。故选 A。 .障碍词汇突破 (一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思 1The similarities the two films shared were striking，which easily caught the attention of the audience.adj.显著的；引人注目的 2Living in the city will put you in touch with people from diverse cultures.adj.多种多样的 3 Generally， Singaporeans celebrate
32、New Years Day on Jan.1 together， and then people of each race celebrate their own new year separately.adv.分别地 4It taught us that compromise was sometimes necessary and team spirit was a must if we wanted to do something together.n.妥协，折衷 5His fathers advice and his attitude made a big difference to h
33、is life path.有重大影响 (二) 同义词语替换 6Musician and amateur astronomer William Herschel was looking through a telescope in his garden in Bath，UK when he spotted an interesting object.noticed/found 7Although horses do not generally mind the cold，we should protect them from rain and wind. shelter (三)一词多义 8. c
34、over v覆盖；够付(费用)；走完(一段路)；涉及；报道；掩饰 n书皮 (1)He is carrying out a research that covers a wide field.v.涉及 (2)The clouds have spread and nearly covered the entire sky.v.覆盖 (3)Dont judge a book by its cover.n.书皮 (4)The money should cover all your expenses.v.够付(费用) (5)He was sent to cover the event，which cau
35、sed a heated debate among the public.v.报道 (6)By sunset we had covered thirty miles.v走完(一段路) (7)In Southeast Asian cultures，a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings.v.掩饰 9word n单词，字；消息；诺言(不可数) (1)When word came that there wasnt going to be any show，the crowd broke up in a hubbub(喧 闹)n.消息
36、(2)Rachel has already known as many words in German as she does in English.n.单词，字 (3)You can keep your word even though this may not always be easy to do.n.诺言 .长难句理解 10In bright sun，the bucks white stomach reduces the effect of the shadow cast by his back， allowing him to appear one color and two di
37、mensionalespecially hiding from natural enemies in his own shadow. 句式分析 本句主干为简单句， 属于主谓宾结构， 主干的主语是 the bucks white stomach， 谓语是 reduces，宾语是 the effect。allowing 为 v.- ing 作结果状语，表自然而然的结果。一定 要注意破折号，它一般表示解释和说明。hiding 和 allowing 并列作状语。 精美译文 在明亮的阳光下，雄鹿的白色肚皮减少了背部投射的影子，使它呈现出一种颜 色和两个维度尤其是它能在自己的影子下躲避天敌。 11Call
38、ed the “Butt Lady” by her local community，Dawly began her mission to rid the streets of her city of cigarette butts in October,2014. 句式分析 本句是简单句， 主语是 Dawly，谓语是 began，宾语是 her mission。called. 是过去分词短语作状语，to rid.是 to do 不定式作定语，修饰 mission。rid 作动词的用法是 rid sb.of sth.表示“使某人摆脱某物”。 精美译文 被当地社区誉为“烟头女士”， 多利于 201
39、4 年 10 月开始她的任务： 清除她所在 城市的街道上的烟头。 强化练强化练(十一十一) .阅读理解 A (2019 山东临沂三模) Scientists in Western Australia claim to have made a new discoverythey have found gold in the leaves and twigs of trees.The researchers believe that the trees suck up the gold from deep underground，over 30 metres down.The discovery
40、has been described as the first of its kind in the world.Australian gold exploration companies are pleased because it will make finding gold cheaper.Rather than drilling deep holes to find gold，they have more ways to examine tree leaves and branches.There is only a tiny amount of gold in the leaves.
41、It would take 500 trees to make one gold ring.The gold is found using a special X- ray machine owned by an Australian government agency.A pure X- ray and a powerful microscope scan the leaves and branches. The claim that this is the first time that gold particles(微粒)have been found in living materia
42、l might not be true，though.Ancient Chinese wisdom understood the connection between plants and the precious stones and minerals underneath them.They used plant life to find minerals and that was thousands of years ago.In the Zhou Dynasty，it was written in a book that a certain plant grew only near d
43、eposits of gold.Over the next 2,000 years，Chinese people wrote about different plants and how they grew， showed where minerals and precious stones such as jade， copper， lead， silver and gold were. Even more importantly，in the 1000s，Su Song described how copper，gold，silver，lead and tin were observed
44、and taken from certain plants.These were amazing scientific discoveries.Meanwhile，this knowledge was unknown in the rest of the world until about 1 600.This was when a British man realised that oak trees grew larger and greener where there was alum(明矾)in the ground.Maybe ancient Chinese has more kno
45、wledge to teach modern scientists. 语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。澳大利亚西部的科学家们声称有了一项新发现他们在树叶 和树枝中发现了金子，这一发现被描述为世界上第一个类似的发现。但作者认为第一次在生 命物质中发现金子微粒的说法可能是不正确的，并举例证实了这种观点。 1What can we know from Paragraph 1? A500 dead trees can make one gold ring. BThe trees can absorb the gold from deep underground. CScientists have found
46、 gold 30 metres below underground. DThe companies find it hard to find gold. 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。由第一段的第二句“The researchers believe that the trees suck up the gold from deep underground，over 30 metres down.”可知，研究人员相信这些树能从 30 米以下的 地下深处吸收金子。suck up 对应 C 项中的 absorb 属于同义转换，故选 B。 2How do scientists find gold in
47、the leaves? ABy observing the leaves carefully. BBy drilling deep holes. CBy using a special X- ray. DBy referring to ancient books. 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。 由第一段倒数第二句“The gold is found using a special X- ray machine owned by an Australian government agency.”可知，黄金是被一台特殊的 X 光机发现的。故选 C。 3Who first discovered th
48、at there was connection between plants and minerals? AAncient Chinese people. BSu Song. CAustralian scientists. DA British man. 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。由第二段第二、三句“Ancient Chinese wisdom understood the connection between plants and the precious stones and minerals underneath them.They used plant life to find mi
49、nerals and that was thousands of years ago.”可知， 中国古代人民首先发现植物和矿物之间有 联系。故选 A。 4What is the purpose of the last paragraph? ATo introduce two great scientists in ancient times. BTo provide more evidence to support the writers opinion. CTo show how ancient people got gold from certain plants. DTo prove that ancient Chinese had more knowledge than modern scientists. 答案 B 解析 推理判断题。由最后一段可知，作者仍然在说明在生命物质中发现金子微粒很早就已 经存在了。所以第一次在生命物质中发现金子微粒的说法是不正确的。故