1、第三节第三节 词句猜测题词句猜测题 一、词义猜测题一、词义猜测题 (2019 全国，B) For Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue，N.Y.，today is speech day，and right now its Chris Palaezs turn.The 8- year- old is the joker of the class.With shining dark eyes，he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking. But hes nervous
2、.“Im here to tell you today why you should.should.” Chris trips on the “- ld， ” a pronunciation difficulty for many non- native English speakers.His teacher， Thomas Whaley， is next to him， whispering support.“.Vote for.me.” Except for some stumbles， Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his s
3、peech to a nice conclusion，Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. A son of immigrants，Chris started learning English a little over three years ago.Whaley recalls(回想起) how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. Learning Eng
4、lish as a second language can be a painful experience.What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.“It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains， “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，I dont know，but I want to know.
5、” Whaley got the idea of this second- grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.The answer broke his heart.Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants t
6、hese kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves. “Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities，” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。 文章讲述了小学教师托马斯 沃利通过组织学生演讲来帮助学 生增强自信的教学实践。 24What made Chris nervous? ATelling a story. BMak
7、ing a speech. CTaking a test. DAnswering a question. 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“today is speech day.Chris Palaezs turn”和第二段中 的“But hes nervous.”可知，克里斯在进行竞选演说时感到非常紧张。 25What does the underlined word “stumbles” in Paragraph 2 refer to? AImproper pauses. BBad manners. CSpelling mistakes. DSilly jokes. 答案 A
8、解析 词义猜测题。根据文章内容可知，老师借助竞选演说鼓励同学们学会赞美自己。文中 克里斯 帕莱兹的母语不是英语， 他学英语才三年多， 说话不流利， 而且他在演讲时非常紧张， 所以说话磕磕绊绊，因此选 A。 26We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to . Ahelp students see their own strengths Bassess students public speaking skills Cprepare students for their future jobs Dinspire students l
9、ove for politics 答案 A 解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.”和最后一段的内容可知，老师让学生参加竞选演说不仅仅是让学生们学会在公 开场合演说，更重要的是让他们发现自己的长处，从而树立自信。 27Which of the following best describes Whaley as
10、 a teacher? AHumorous. BAmbitious. CCaring. DDemanding. 答案 C 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，当克里斯 帕莱兹发表竞选演说遇到问题时，老师 耳语为他提示。文章最后两段解释了老师举办这项活动的初衷，我们可以判断这个老师是关 心他人的人，因此选 C。 一、题型解读 词义猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查 考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这 些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。由此看来，对于生词的 理解是否准确，直接影响着阅
11、读理解题得分的高低，对能否取得好的高考成绩有着举足轻重 的作用。 词义猜测题的命题方式有： (1)What does the underlined word “.” probably mean? (2)The word “.” refers to/probably means “ ” (3)The underlined word “.” could best be replaced by “ ” (4)The underlined word “.” in Paragraph.is closest in meaning to . (5)What do you think the expressi
12、on “.” stands for? (6)By saying “.” we mean . (7)“.” used in the passage can best be defined as . (8)Which of the following words can take the place of the word “.”？ 二、解题技巧巧用线索猜词义 1根据定义、释义或同位语进行猜测 有些文章，特别是科技说明文，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语下定义，通过阅读定义 和解释部分，考生便可理解该词或短语的意思。有时，需要猜测的单词或短语后面会紧跟一 个同位语，作为对前面的词或短语的解释说明。
13、有时，文章会用冒号、破折号、括号等对某 个词或短语加以解释说明。 例如： Taylors swift action helped her teammates calm down.One girl called 911.Two more ran to get the school nurse，who brought a defibrillator，an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work.Luck stayed with them：Pariss heartbeat returned. 分析： 所猜测单词 de
14、fibrillator 后面出现了同位语“an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work”(一个可以电击心脏使其重新工作的电子器械)来进行解释说明，我们可 推知其词义应为“(心脏)除颤器”。 2根据构词法进行猜测 英语中通过词根加词缀或两个单词合成的方式可以构成新词。 因此， 掌握了一定的构词知识， 再结合上下文语境，也可以快速猜测词义。 例如：A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry. 分析：根据构词法知
15、识我们可知，un- 为否定前缀，- ness 为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因 此，我们可知 uneasiness 为“不安；担忧”之意。 3根据因果关系进行猜测 在阅读理解文章的句子或段落中，若两个事物或两种现象之间构成因果关系，这时我们可以 根据这种因果逻辑关系推断词或短语的含义。表示因果关系的标志词有 because，so，thus， therefore，as a result of，since，so that，so/such.that.等。 例如： My son could not follow the teachers directions， he told me， and t
16、hus， Scola was disrupting the class.Didnt he know my son did not speak English yet? 试题：What does the underlined word “disrupting” probably mean? ABreaking. BFollowing. CAttending. DDisturbing. 分析：画线单词所在的句子出现了因果关系标志词 thus，由前面的原因“我儿子听不懂老师 的指示”可以推知，“他因此认为我儿子斯科拉干扰了课堂”，故选 D 项。其余三项都不符 合这一因果逻辑关系。 4根据同义或近义关
17、系进行猜测 在画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，它往往暗示了该词或该短 语的含义，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词或短语的含义。常见的表示相同或相近意义的词 和短语有 and，or，like，as well，similarly，too，also，either 等。 例如：The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from o
18、ther institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，Florida. 试题：What does the underlined word “contributions” refer to? AArtworks. BProjects. CDonations. DDocuments. 分析：画线单词 contributions 前出现了 and，可利用同义或近义关系进行猜测。and 前面提到 了“the fine selection of the major works”(精选的重要作品)，后面说 contribution
19、s 来自其他机 构，由并列关系可以推断出 contributions 应该属于 works 的范畴，同时文中明确表示 contributions 是来自 museum 的，故选 A 项。 5根据反义、转折和对比关系进行猜测 有些需要猜测词义的词或短语前后会出现表示转折或对比的词语，运用这些词语也可以帮助 猜测词义。能体现转折、对比关系的词汇很多，常见的有 but，yet，however，while，unlike， instead (of)，on the other hand，rather than，on the contrary 等。 例如：In the evening，rides are u
20、sually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace，with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink.Sedate though they are，rides at this time of day are still very impressive. 试题：What does the underlined word “sedate” probably mean? AWild and romantic. BSlow a
21、nd peaceful. CHungry and thirsty. DActive and excited. 分析：画线词语所在句子的句意为“虽然它们 ，但是在一天的这个时候骑马观赏仍 然令人印象非常深刻。 ”由 though 可知， 前后两句是转折关系， 再结合前一句中提到的“at a more relaxed and unhurried pace”可知，应选 B 项，sedate 意为“不慌不忙的”。 6根据上下文进行猜测 有些词义猜测题找不到以上标志线索，这时可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑 的综合分析，进而推测词义，这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。 例如：真题感悟的 25 题。
22、根据文章内容可知，老师借助竞选演说鼓励同学们学会赞美自己。 文中克里斯 帕莱兹的母语不是英语，他学英语才三年多，说话不流利，而且他在演讲时非常 紧张，所以说话磕磕绊绊，因此选 A。 A (2019 河南实验中学模拟) Solar energy systems & power 8plants do not produce air pollution， water pollution， or greenhouse gases.9Using solar energy can have a positive，indirect effect on the environment，when solar e
23、nergy replaces or reduces the use of other energy sources that have larger effects on the environment. However，some poisonous materials and chemicals are used to make the photovoltaic(光电池 的) cells that convert sunlight into electricity.Some solar thermal(保热的) systems use potentially hazardous liquid
24、s to transfer heat.Leaks of these materials could be harmful to the environment.U.S.environmental laws regulate the use and settlement of these types of materials. As with any type of power plant， large solar power plants can affect the environment near their locations.The placement of the power pla
25、nt may have long- term effects on the habitats of native plants and animals.Some solar power plants may require water for cleaning solar collectors and concentrators or for cooling turbine generators.Using large volumes of ground water or surface water in some dry locations may affect the ecosystems
26、 that depend on these water resources.In addition，the beam of concentrated sunlight a solar power tower creates can kill birds and insects that fly into the beam. The amount of solar energy that the earth receives each day is many times greater than the total amount of all energy that people 1consum
27、e each day.However，on the surface of the earth， solar energy is a variable and irregular energy source.The amount of sunlight and the intensity of sunlight 5varies by time of day and location.Weather and climate conditions affect the availability of sunlight daily and on a seasonal basis.The type an
28、d size of a solar energy collection and conversion system determines how much of the 2available solar energy we can convert into useful energy. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太阳能发电的潜在弊端以及影响太阳能收集量的几个 因素。 1Which of the following best explains “hazardous” underlined in Paragraph 2? AInexpensive. BDangerous. CIneffec
29、tive. DAbnormal. 答案 B 解析 词义猜测题。根据上文中的“some poisonous materials and chemicals are used to make the photovoltaic(光电池的) cells”及画线词所在句后的“Leaks of these materials could be harmful to the environment.”可知 hazardous 意为“危险的”。故选 B。 2What influence can large solar power plants have on the locations? APolluting
30、 the ground water. BProtecting the habitats of plants and animals. CDamaging the local natural balance. DAttracting birds and insects to the area. 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The placement of the power plant may have long- term effects on the habitats of native plants and animals.”可知， 大型太阳能发电厂的选址可能会对当 地动
31、植物的栖息地产生长期的影响，也就是会破坏当地自然平衡。故 C 项正确。 3What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? ADifferent areas receive different amount of solar energy. BHow to convert solar energy into useful energy. CThe relationship between solar energy collection and the sunlight. DSome factors that influence the amount of
32、 solar energy collection. 答案 D 解析 段落大意题。根据最后一段第二、三、四句可知，在地球表面，太阳能是一种可变的 和不规则的能源，阳光的数量和强度随着一天的时间和地点而变化，天气和气候条件影响每 日和季节性的阳光供应。由此可知，本段主要介绍的是影响太阳能收集量的几个因素。故 D 项正确。 B (2019 湖北黄冈中学三模) A South Korean man and the 21 ducklings he has been raising as his children ever since they hatched have been breaking the
33、 Internet with their amazing 6bond.A video that recently 3went viral in the western world shows the cute birds following their “mother” on a mountain hike and listening to his every command. The middle- aged man，whose name is not 4revealed in the video，has been taking care of his 21 ducklings ever s
34、ince they were eggs，making sure the incubation(孵化) period went smoothly， and even helping the tiny birds break through their shells when it came time to hatch.He was the first thing they laid eyes on in this world，and he has remained the most important figure in their lives since. Ducklings naturall
35、y follow their mother around，and since the man was the one who 7acted as their mother，these birds follow him everywhere，even up a mountain.To them its only natural， but the middle- aged man considers it training and conditioning for the time when he finally releases them into the wild.He would love
36、to raise them all as pets，but knows that wouldnt be ideal for him or the birds，so hes making sure that they are strong enough to survive in the wild. The video shows the ducks following the middle- aged man as he hikes up a mountain outside Seoul，stopping whenever he does and refusing to follow anyo
37、ne else，even if they give the same “lets go” command their human mother gives.Unless they hear his voice and see him moving， they dont budge.Its actually quite remarkable.I mean，its one thing to see dogs acting like this，but ducklings? Thats something else. 10While its not clear what the man does fo
38、r a living，Im pretty sure he has a lot of experience with ducks，as at one point he reveals a certificate for “father of ducklings” dated 2005. 语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道类阅读。文章主要讲了韩国一位中年男子把小鸭子当“孩子” 养，这些小鸭子把他当成“妈妈”，到处跟着他，很自然地服从他的命令。 4What can we learn from the video? AThe ducklings just broke through their shells.
39、 BThe man accidentally saved some ducklings. CThe ducklings just obeyed the man naturally. DThe man took pride in his ducklings. 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，我们能从这个视频中得知，小鸭们很自然地服 从这个人。故选 C。 5Whats the mans purpose of raising the ducklings? ATo make a living by performing. BTo film a video to attract att
40、ention. CTo free them into the wild one day. DTo make a contribution to a bird reserve. 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，这个男子养小鸭的目的是有一天把它们放归野 外。故选 C。 6Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “budge” in Paragraph 4? AAttack. BMove. CEnd. DStruggle. 答案 B 解析 词义猜测题。根据上文可知，视频显示，当这名中年男子爬上首尔郊外的
41、一座山时， 鸭子们跟着他，无论他什么时候停下来，它们都不愿跟着任何人，即使给它们发出和它们的 人类母亲同样的“我们走吧”的命令。由此可知，画线句意为“除非它们听到他的声音，看 到他在动，否则它们不会动。”故“budge”的意思是“移动”。故选 B。 7What can be the best title for the text? A“Father” and “Mother” of Cute Pets BA Man Raises Ducklings as His “Children” CDucklings Also Regarded as Good Pets DAmazing Bond Bet
42、ween Man and Animals 答案 B 解析 标题归纳题。第一段第二句“最近在西方世界走红的一段视频显示，这些可爱的小禽 跟随它们的妈妈爬山，听从他的每一个命令。”是全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知， 这篇文章最好的题目是：一个男人把小鸭子当“孩子”养。故选 B。 .障碍词汇突破 (一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思 1A smaller vehicle will consume less fuel，which means less emission.消费，消耗 2Hangzhou，in Zhejiang Province，became the first city to
43、 make free outdoor WiFi available for residents(居民)可获得的，可得到的 3 Fake news has long been a serious problem， and social media has been blamed for allowing fake news stories to go viral quickly.广泛传播 4 When you answer this question， the words you choose will reveal something about your identity. 揭示，揭露 (二
44、)同义词语替换 5The research also found that attitudes to food and weight vary wildly around the world.differ 6This shared experience created a very special bond between us.tie/connection 7A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind person，which is quite significant for their convenience.work as (三)一词多义 8p
45、lant n植物；工厂，发电厂 v种植；安插，安放 (1)After reaching the top of the mountain，they plant a flag there.v.安插，安放 (2)It is essential to water each plant as often as required.n.植物 (3)Many years from now，other workers will rouse the sleeping seeds and plant them where theyre most needed.v.种植 (4) Back on that date i
46、n 1986，a cloud of radioactive dust burst out of the Chernobyl(切尔诺贝利) nuclear power plant.n.工厂，发电厂 .长难句理解 9Using solar energy can have a positive，indirect effect on the environment，when solar energy replaces or reduces the use of other energy sources that have larger effects on the environment. 句式分析
47、本句是一个主从复合句，句子的主干为 Using solar energy can have a positive， indirect effect on the environment，主语是 using solar energy；when 引导的是时间状语从句， 此时when从句的主语是solar energy, 谓语为replaces or reduces， 宾语为the use of other energy sources。that 引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词 other energy sources。 精美译文 当用太阳能替代或减少对环境有较大影响的其他能源的应用时， 使用太阳能会
48、 对环境产生积极的、间接的影响。 10 While its not clear what the man does for a living， Im pretty sure he has a lot of experience with ducks，as at one point he reveals a certificate for “father of ducklings” dated 2005. 句式分析 本句是一个主从复合句。while 引导的是让步状语从句，此时 while although/though；as 引导的是原因状语从句。 精美译文 虽然还不清楚这个人做什么工作， 但我
49、敢肯定他对鸭子很有经验， 因为他曾出 示过他在 2005 年获得的“小鸭之父”的证书。 强化练强化练(十七十七) .阅读理解 A (2019 山西太原五中段考) Friends always ask why I，a middle- aged woman with no athletic talent，travel to perilous placesthe jungles of Thailand or Borneo，for example，where the water is often unsafe and the food risky； places with infectious diseases， poisonous snakes and the wildest animals； some places where the locals are just a few generations past hea