1、1 Error!选修 8 话题素材 好词 1beauty v. 美化 2.destroy v. 破坏 3waste n. 废弃物；vt. 浪费 4.harmony n. 和谐 5environment n. 环境 6.influence n. 影响 7be faced with 面临 8.die out 灭绝 9throw away 丢弃 10.for lack of 因缺乏 11in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处 12result in 导致 佳句 1Water resources have become so badly polluted that some of
2、 the water is_unfit_to_drink. 水资源受到了严重污染，一些水不适宜饮用。 2Its_important_to_recycle_ the things that can be recyclable. 回收利用可再循环的东西是很重要的。 精美语篇 Nowadays， with the number of cars increasing fast in our city， our environment is getting increasingly worse. One of the reasons is that there are more cars than ev
3、er before. Although driving cars really makes our life easier， it has a bad effect on our environment by giving off waste gas. At times， the air gets so badly polluted that people have to put on masks. In addition， traffic jams are caused mainly because of too many cars on the roads. If people choos
4、e to ride bicycles instead of driving cars， our life will become better. 高频单词 1trap (vt.) 使困住 2beyond (prep.) 超出 3relevant (adj.) 相关的relevance (n.) 相关(性) 4agriculture (n.) 农业agricultural (adj.) 农业的 5coincidence (n.) 巧合coincident (adj.) 同时发生的 6reserve (n.) 保护区 (vt.) 保留；预订reserved (adj.) 预定的，保留的reserv
5、ation (n.) 预订；保留 2 7advocate (vt.) 主张，提倡advocacy (n.) 拥护，提倡 8substitute (n.) 代替品，代用品 9threaten (vt.) 威胁threat (n.) 威胁 10separation (n.) 分离，分开separate (vt.) 分离；分开 (adj.) 不同的；各自的 11means (n.) 方法means (pl.) 12construct (vt.) 建造construction (n.) 建造 13adopt (vt.) 采用，收养adoption (n.) 收养；采用 14considerate (a
6、dj.) 想得周到的，体贴的consider (v.) 考虑consideration (n.) 考 虑；体贴 15finance (n.) 资金financial (adj.) 财政的，金融的 16allocate (vt.) 分配，配给allocation (n.) 分配；配给 17politics (n.) 政治(活动)political (adj.) 政治的politician (n.) 政治家 18sharpen (vt. been 2But what exactly is global warming, why is it _ (see) as a danger, and how
7、is it relevant _ our lives? 答案：seen; to 3When the presence of these gases in the atmosphere increases, _， more heat is _ (trap) and the Earths temperature rises. 答案：however; trapped 4The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has risen _ more than 30% in the last 250 years with half of this incr
8、ease _ (occur) since 1960. 答案：by; occurring 5Recent reports _ (warn) that global warming will cause terrible climate changes including more frequent flooding, heat waves and droughts. 答案：warned 6Governments all over the world have a _ (responsible) to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide _ their coun
9、tries are producing. 答案：responsibility; which 7This catastrophe is still very fresh in the minds of people worldwide _ have not yet got over their separation from loved ones _ (lose) in the tsunami. 4 答案：who; lost 8These homes, seldom made of bricks, can _ (easy) fall down in earthquakes or slip and
10、 slide downhill in landslides, especially in _ (mountain) areas. 答案：easily; mountainous 9Volcanoes and earthquakes are even more dangerous _ in the past as around half the worlD s population now lives in cities. 答案：than 10An even greater number of people live at risk, to some degree, from earthquake
11、s which have claimed more than 1.6 million _ (life) in the last hundred years. 答案：lives 1 trap vt.使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困境 n.陷阱；圈套；困境，计策 Because of the greenhouse effect, the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.(P5) 因为温室效应，困在大气层中的气体使得地球气温上升。 (1)trap sb. into (doing) sth. 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套 be/feel
12、trapped 陷入困境 be/get trapped in 被困在中 (2)fall_into the trap of doing sth. 落入的圈套 get out_of a trap 摆脱圈套 set/lay/place a trap for 为设圈套 2015湖北高考The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. 事实上小马驹被困在两块岩石之间。 译林4Having_been_trapped_in traffic, he was late for work. 因为交通堵塞，他上班迟到了。 朗文词典Up to 25 peopl
13、e may be_trapped_in the burning building. 可能多达二十五个人被困在失火的大楼里。 牛津词典You fell right into my trap. 你恰恰中了我的计。 2013北京高考Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap. Grace 在小时候被困在鱼网中，丢失了它的尾巴。 2 reserve n.保护区；储藏，储备；后备军 vt.保留，储备；预订；保持 Breweries are often built in nature reserves.(P5) 啤
14、酒厂经常建在自然保护区里面。 5 (1)reserve sth. for sb. 为某人保留某物 reserve (ones) judgement (on sb./sth.) 暂不表态 (2)in reserve 贮存；备用 (3)reservation n. 保留；预定(房间，座位等)；居留地；保留地 without reservation 毫无保留地 have reservations about 对持保留意见 make a reservation 预定(房间，座位等) 2015浙江高考They made_reservations at restaurants where the cost
15、 of a bottle of wine equaled a college years monthly rent. 他们预定座位的饭店饭菜昂贵，一瓶酒的价格等同于大学里一个月的房租。 2013广东高考The power of imagination need not be_reserved for children only. 想象的力量不必仅仅为儿童保留。 She sat at the table reserved for customers. 她坐在为客人预定的桌子旁。 This coastal area was named a national wildlife reserve las
16、t year. 这一沿海地区去年被命名为国家野生动物保护区。 3 beyond prep.超出(能力，范围等)；在之外，在更远处；迟于 In the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earths climatesomething previously seen as beyond our control.(P6) 在过去的几十年里，科学家一致认为，人类正在造成地球气候的变化这是一种原 来被认为是超出我们控制能
17、力的现象。 (1)be beyond sb. 对于某人来说，难以想象、理解或估计 (2)beyond ones control 超出某人的控制，不受某人的控制 beyond ones reach 够不着，超出之外 beyond ones power/ability 超出某人的能力 beyond words/description 无法形容，难以言表 beyond question/doubt 毫无疑问 beyond belief 难以置信 beyond compare 无与伦比 Its beyond me why/what. 我无法理解为什么/什么 2014课标全国卷The number of
18、 cities producing CO beyond_the_standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. 排放一氧化碳超标的城市数量已经从 40 座减少到 9 座了。 Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged. 6 任何司机如被发现饮酒超限都会被指控。 牛津词典Its_beyond_me why she wants to marry Geoff. 我不能理解她为何要和杰弗结婚。 4 relevant adj.有关的；切题的 .and how is it relevant to ou
19、r lives？(P6) 并且它是如何与我们的生活有关的？ (1)be relevant to 和有关 (2)a relevant suggestion/question/point 相关的提议/问题/观点 (3)表示“与相关”的短语 be involved in be associated with be concerned with be related to. 朗文词典The question is not relevant_to my point. 这个问题和我的观点不相干。 牛津词典Colour and sex are hardly relevant when appointing
20、somebody to a job. 肤色和性别对于任命某人担任某职来说是没有什么关系的。 朗文词典We told the police all the_relevant_facts. 我们把所有相关事实都告诉了警方。 5 advocate vt.主张，提倡 n.提倡者，拥护者 Experts advocate that each person play their part.(P6) 专家们主张每一个人都要发挥自己的作用。 (1)advocate doing sth. 提倡/主张做某事 advocate that.(should)_do. 主张做(从句用虚拟语气 should动词原形， sh
21、ould 可省略) (2)an advocate of/for sth.支持某事的人，的倡导者/拥护者 2013上海高考Those who advocate globalization claim that economies in developing countries benefit from new opportunities for small and homebased business. 提倡全球化的人宣称，发展中国家的经济从家庭式小作坊的新机遇中受益。 牛津词典Do you advocate_banning cars in the city center? 你支持禁止汽车在市中
22、心通行这一主张吗？ 朗文词典The leader advocates that each member play their part. 领导主张每个成员都发挥各自的作用。 朗文词典She later became an advocate_for prisoners rights. 她后来成了犯人权利的倡导者。 7 6 substitute n代替品，代用品 vt.&vi.(用)替代；取代 After all, theres no substitute for our Earth.(P6) 毕竟，地球是不可取代的。 (1)a substitute for sb./sth. 某人/物的代替品 (
23、2)substitute A for Bsubstitute B with/by A 用 A 代替 B substitute for 代替 2014湖北高考During the weeks that followed, we learned to survive in our truck and lived on the little money my wife earned by substitute teaching. 在接下来的几周里，我们学会了在我们的卡车里和靠我妻子代课挣得的钱生活。 牛津词典Honey can substitute_for sugar in this recipe.
24、 在这个食谱中可用蜂蜜代替食糖。 朗文词典You can substitute margarine for butter in this recipe. 在这个食谱中你可以用人造黄油代替黄油。 朗文词典There is no_substitute_for a good diet. 什么东西也代替不了好的饮食。 7 threaten vt.威胁，恐吓 Match the sentences with appropriate reporting verbs from.admit, report, .threaten (P7) 把句子和合适的动词搭配承认，报道威胁 (1)threaten sb. w
25、ith sth. 用某事威胁某人 threaten to_do sth. 威胁要做某事；似乎要发生 (2)threat n. 威胁，恐吓 a threat to sb./sth. 对某人或某事的威胁 If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you, you might shout. 如果陌生人闯入你的领地并威胁到你，你可以大喊。 牛津词典My attacker threatened me with a gun. 攻击我的人用枪威胁我。 朗文词典Sandra threatened_to_run away from home.
26、桑德拉威胁说要离家出走。 朗文词典He made a threat against my family. 他恐吓我的家人。 8 means n.方法；手段 The telephone is a means of communication.(P11) 电话是一种交流工具。 8 a means of doing sth. 做某事的方法 by means of 通过；用；借助于 by all means 表示同意当然可以，没问题；务必；无论如何；千方百计地 by no means 绝不，一点也不在句首时句子要部分倒装 by this/that means 用这种/那种方法 朗文词典My bicyc
27、le is my main means_of transportation. 自行车是我主要的交通工具。 牛津词典There is no_means_of finding out what happened. 无法搞清楚发生了什么事情。 牛津词典Can I see it? By_all_means. 我可以看看吗？ 当然可以！ 朗文词典The oil is transported by_means_of a pipe line. 石油用输油管道输送。 朗文词典The results are by_no_means certain. By no means are_the_results cer
28、tain. 这些结果绝不是确定无疑的。 特别提示 (1)means“方法、方式、手段” ，其单复数同形，当 means 作主语且有 every, each 等表示单数 意义的词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有 some, several, many, few 等表示复数意义的词修饰时， 谓语动词用复数。 (2)by no means 放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。 牛津词典All possible means have been tried. Every possible means has been tried. 一切办法都试过了。 易混辨析 单词 搭配 含义 way 前面用 in，后接 to do
29、 或 of doing 普通用词，可指一般的方法 method with the method of 有条理、系统的方法 means by means of 手段或途径 manner 前面用 in 方式、方法(只用单数) approach the approach to 指从事某事的特别方法、途径 一言辨异 We have found a new approach to this problem and can work out the problem by this means/in this way/with this method.我们找到了一种新的解决问题的方法，并且可以用这种方式解决
30、这个问题。 用 way/method/means/manner/approach 的适当形式填空 9 aThis is a twoyear course taught by _ of lectures. b朗文词典Id like to tell her in my own _. c朗文词典We need a new _ to the problem of street crime. d朗文词典Ryan has a funny _ of talking. e朗文词典The issue should be resolved in a _ fair to both parties. f牛津词典I t
31、hink we should try again with a different _. 答案：a.means bway capproach dway emanner fmethod 9 adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养；接受；批准 The Chinese government has adopted several noise control plans.(P12) 中国政府已采用了好几项噪音控制计划 (1)adopt an idea 采纳意见 adopt a(n) approach/policy/attitude 采取一种方法/政策/态度 (2)adoption n. 采纳，采用；收养
32、adopted adj. 被收养的；被采用的 adoptive adj. 收养的 2014北京高考She had just been_adopted by a family in town who decided that the best way for her to learn American ways of life was to be with American kids. 她刚被镇里的一户人家收养， 他们认为让她了解美国人的生活方式最好方法就是让她和 美国孩子们在一起。 朗文词典The city has_adopted a new approach to fighting crim
33、e. 该市采取了一种新办法来打击犯罪。 牛津词典He is their adopted son. 他是他们的养子。 易混辨析 adopt 采纳，采用，收养 adapt 适应，改编，改写 一言辨异 The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan. After a few months, the child came to adapt to his new life. 这对年轻夫妇没有自己的孩子，收养了一个孤儿。几个月之后，孩子逐渐适应了他的 新生活。 用 adapt/adopt 的适当形式填空 aThis n
34、ew film is said to be _ from a novel by Jim Austen. bWe will _ their suggestions in mass. cThree of his novels have been _ for television. 10 答案：a.adapted Badopt Cadapted 10 considerate adj.体贴的；想得周到的 We can all help by being more considerate and thinking of our neighbours.(P12) 我们都可以通过更体贴的和多想想我们的邻居来
35、提供帮助。 (1)It is considerate of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是周到的 be considerate of 体谅；替着想 (2)consider vt. 思考，考虑；认为 consider (doing)_sth. 考虑(做)某事 consider sb. to_be/as. 认为某人是 consider sb. to_have_done sth. 认为某人做过某事 (3)consideration n. 考虑；思考 take sth. into consideration 考虑到；顾及 (4)considering prep. 考虑到；鉴于 consid
36、erable adj. 大量的；值得考虑的 2013重庆高考How considerate the dentist was! 这个牙医是多么周到啊！ 牛津词典It was_considerate_of you not to play the piano while I was asleep. 在我睡觉时，你不弹钢琴，真是体贴入微。 朗文词典I considered_resigning. 我考虑过辞职。 朗文词典Mrs Greenwood was_considered_to_be an excellent teacher. 格林伍德夫人被认为是一位优秀的教师。 牛津词典I always take
37、 fuel consumption into_consideration when buying a car. 我买车时总要把燃油消耗量考虑在内。 过关演练 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 1朗文词典Id like to _ a table for 8：00 at the restaurant. 答案：reserve reserve “预订” 。句意：我想要在这个餐厅预定一个 8：00 的餐位。 2朗文词典She was trapped _ an unhappy marriage. 答案：in be trapped in “被困在中” 。 3Its quite _
38、me why such things have been allowed to happen. 答案：beyond be beyond sb. “难以想象” 。 4Many experts advocate _ (reward) your child for good behavior. 答案：rewarding advocate doing sth. “提倡/主张做某事” 。 5The essay isnt even remotely relevant _ the topic. 答案：to be relevant to. “与有关” 。 11 6牛津词典This type of vinyl
39、is a good poor substitute _ leather. 答案：for a substitute for. “的代替品” 。 7I have tried very hard to improve my English. But by _ means is the teacher satisfied with my progress. 答案：no by no means “绝不，一点儿也不” ，在句首时句子要用部分倒装。 8Pauls mother had him _ (adopt) because she couldnt look after him herself. 答案：a
40、dopted have sth. done “让别人做/让宾语被” 。句意：保罗的妈妈因自己无 力抚养他，便将他送给别人收养了。 92015陕西高考It is necessary for us to think of others and be _ (consider) to them. 答案：considerate 此处为形容词作表语。 10David _ (threaten) to report his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid. 答案：threatened 由从句中的 were 可知此句为过去式，故用 thr
41、eatened。 1 lead to 引起；导致；通向 Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earths temperature that, in turn, leads to climate change.(P6) 全球变暖指地球温度上升，这反过来会导致气候变化。 lead sb. to. 带领(某人)通往，引导某人去 lead sb. to_do_sth. 使得某人做某事 lead the_way 领路 lead sb. by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走 lead alife 过着的生活 2013安徽高考You m
42、ay wonder how paving (铺砌) a road can lead_to less useable fresh water. 你可能想知道铺路是如何导致可使用的淡水更少。 朗文词典The second door leads_to the principals office. 第二道门通向校长办公室。 牛津词典What led you to this conclusion? 你是怎样得出这个结论的？ 牛津词典Her constant lying led me to_distrust everything she said. 她总撒谎，我完全不相信她的话了。 2 in turn 依
43、次；轮流；转而；反过来；相应地 Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earths temperature that, in turn, leads to climate change.(P6) 12 全球变暖指地球温度上升，这反过来会导致气候变化。 turn down 拒绝 turn out 结果是；证明是 turn to 转身；求助于；翻到 by turns 轮流地；逐个地 take turns to do./doing. 轮流做 in return 作为对的回报；作为回应 13 2014 江 苏 高 考 Now other
44、 students were coming to him for coaching and they, in_turn,_were winning contests. 现在其他学生都来向他请教，并且个个都赢得了比赛。 牛津词典The girls called out their names in_turn. 女孩们逐一报出自己的名字。 北师大8The customer praised the manager, who in_turn praised his staff. 顾客表扬了经理，经理转而表扬了员工。 朗文词典He spoke to each of the students in_tur
45、n. 他依次与每个学生谈话。 牛津词典We did the work by_turns. 我们是轮流做这项工作的。 We take_turns_to_do the housework. 我们轮流做家务。 3 apart from aside from 除以外 Apart from the few found in zoos, pandas live only in the central bamboo forests of mainland China.(P8) 除了少数几只大熊猫在动物园里可以看到，它们只生活在中国内地的中心竹园里。 易混辨析 except 意为“除之外(没有)” ，常用于排
46、除同类事物(除去整体中的一部分)，并用 于表示绝对肯定或绝对否定的词之后，如 no, none, nothing, all, any, everyone, everything。其后可接名词、代词、介词短语；除此之外，还可接 that 或 wh引 导的从句 besides 意为“除之外(还有)” ，包括排除的事物；另外还可用作副词 except for 常用于对整体进行肯定，对局部细节进行否定 apart from 兼有 except, besides 与 except for 的意义 2014重庆高考Apart from an occasional noise from the elepha
47、nts stomach, the forest was silent. 除了大象的胃发出的偶尔的声音外，森林是安静的。 朗文词典We are open every day except/apart_from Monday. 除了星期一我们每天都营业。 译林Besides/Apart_from the works of Da Vinci, the Louvre Museum has more than 6,000 other European paintings. 除了达芬奇的作品，卢浮宫还拥有 6000 多幅其他欧洲绘画作品。 2013山东高考The room is empty except_for/apart_from a bookshelf standing in one corner. 除了角落里立着一个书架外，房间内空荡荡的。 4 all in all 总的来说 Well, all in all, if we help protect these animals and spread the news about 14 conservation.(P9) 嗯，总的来说，如果我们帮助保护这些动物，并