1、2019-2020学年度7下Unit3知识点详解学习目标本单元介绍了外籍学生的一些爱好及他们在北京期间的活动安排；讲述了西蒙及一些英国孩子参观故宫时所了解那些金銮宝殿，雕梁画栋及一些伟大的艺术作品的情景；重点介绍了电视记录片欢迎到阳光镇一个新兴的伟大城镇，进一步了解了当今国内城镇的概况。通过学习要能掌握名词所有格，形容词性及名词性物主代词的用法；要能模仿所学内容，以口、笔头形式描述自己的家乡。树立把自己的家乡建设成环境优美、生活丰富、方便的现代化城镇的信心和决心。重点难点 1重点词汇及短语词汇及短语相关提示(1) air n. 掌握其作为名词的多种含义和用法(2) fresh adj. 了解其
2、一词多意(3) famous adj. 了解其多种搭配(4) teach vt. 教 注意其后跟双宾语及疑问词加不定式的用法。(5) miss vt. 掌握其多种含义和搭配(6) work n. ; vi. 掌握其不同的词性和意思(7) row vt. ; n. 掌握其作为名词和动词的不同意思(8) raise vt. 了解其不同的意思和用法(9) smell v. 辨析其作为不同动词类型的不同用法(10) drive v. 掌握其多种意思(11) look forward to 盼望；期待 掌握其宾语的特殊形式 (12) each other 互相 掌握其作宾语的用法2重点交际句式及句型 (
3、1) There is nothing in. 里面什么也没有？(2) Is it enough for ? 对于够吗？(3) Shall we? 我们好吗？(4) Why not visit? 为什么不参观？(5) It takes only 40 minutes . 只需四十分钟。 3重点语法 （1）掌握名词所有格的用法； （2）巩固形容词性物主代词及名词性物主代词的用法； 4表达 用本单元所学的内容，给你的网友或新同学介绍你自己的家乡。学法指津1让我们收集班级中不同学生的物品，通过对话，学习物主代词及名词所有格的用法。2吃、住、行是生活的三大事，让我们调查、了解当地人民的居住情况、生活设
4、施及文化娱乐设施的情况，在比较中学习本单元。3你了解中华文化吗？让我们查阅有关故宫、中餐、京剧、国画等的资料，了解中华灿烂的文化，为学习本单元作铺垫。探究俱乐部与你探究 词语辨析一读通1. air e(r) n. 空气，大气 ；天空；空运，航空 in the air 在空中 by air 乘飞机Lets go out to have some fresh air. 我们出去呼吸点新鲜空气吧。There are no clouds in the air. 天空晴朗无云。My father often go abroad on business by air. 我父亲经常坐飞机到国外出差。2. f
5、resh fr adj. 新鲜的；淡水的；新的；无经验的fresh water 淡水 fresh man （无经验的）新人It is necessary for us to eat fresh fruit and vegetables every day. 每天吃些新鲜蔬菜和水果是很有必要的。There were some fresh car tracks and footprints in the snow. 雪地里留下了新的车辙和脚印。These designers are full of fresh ideas. 这些设计师满脑子都是新创意。3. famous feims adj. 著名
6、的，出名的 Charles Dickens was a famous British writer. 查尔士狄更斯是一个著名的英国作家。 【解析】be famous for 以而闻名；be famous as作为而闻名Hangzhou is famous for silk. 杭州以丝绸而闻名。Zhou Jielun is famous as a pop singer. 周杰伦作为一名流行歌手很有名。4. teach ti:t vt. 教；教书teach作不及物动词为“教书”，如：Mr Yang teaches in a secondary school.作及物动词时，可跟双宾语或复合宾语。te
7、ach sb. sth.教某人某事；teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事；teach sb. how to do sth. 教某人如何做某事。如：We shouldnt teach great books. We should teach a love of reading. 我们不应该教授太多的书籍，我们应该教导热爱读书。Mr Wang teaches us English. 王老师教我们英语。Her job is to teach children to read and write. 她的工作是教孩子们读书写字。Jack taught us how to run the
8、 machine. 杰克教我们如何操作机器。 5. miss ms vt. 错过；想念My brother is so crazy about NBA that he doesnt want to miss any of their matches.我哥哥对NBA非常痴迷，他不愿意错过他们的任何一场比赛。The gift shop is at the next corner. You wont miss it. 礼品店就在下一个拐弯处，你不会看不到的。Mary often misses her lost pet cat very much. 玛丽非常想念她丢失的宠物猫。 【解析】当miss表示
9、“错过”时，后面常跟名词、代词或动名词。I missed seeing the film when it was at the local theatre. 那部电影在本地上映时我们没去看。 6. work wk n. 工作 ; 作品，著作 vi. 工作【解析】work作“工作”解时，是个不可数名词。works意为“作品、著作”。如：I like reading the works of Zhang ailing. 我喜爱读张爱玲的作品。My father found work in Shanghai , so we moved there. 我爸爸在上海找到了工作，所以我们搬到那儿去了。th
10、e works of Shakespeare 莎士比亚的作品 works of art艺术品work还可作为不及物代词用，如：-Where do they work? - They work in Xinjiang.他们在哪儿工作？在新疆。7. row ru v. 划船 ; n. 行，排Can you row (a boat)? 你会划船吗？Shall I row you across the river. 要我把你划过河吗？Several boys are pushing school desks and chairs into neat rows. 几个男孩正挪动课桌椅，将它们排整齐。Th
11、e little girl is sitting in the front row. 小女孩坐在前排in a row 连续的，不间断地If Im inside for three days in a row, I go crazy. 如果连续3天不出来，我会发疯的。8. raise reiz vt. 饲养，养育；筹集；举起；使（价格等）升高 The farmer raises chickens and rice. 这个农民养鸡、种植大米。If you have any question, please raise your hand. 如果有什么问题请举手。We can try to rais
12、es some stationery for poor children in the western areas of our country.我们可以尽力为我们国家西部地区的贫困孩子募集一些文具。 9. smell smel n.嗅觉；气味；vt.& vi.& link-v.嗅，闻；发出的气味Dogs have good smell. 狗的嗅觉很灵敏。The smell makes me sick. 这种气味使我恶心。The milk smells sour. 牛奶闻上去酸了。I have got a bad cold, and I cant smell anything. 我重感冒，闻不
13、到任何气味。10. drive draiv v. 驾驶，开车；开车送（到某处）；驱赶He is going to drive into town for dinner. 他打算开车进城吃饭。- Do your parents drive you to school every day? - Not every day, but on rainy days.-你父母天天开车送你上学吗？- 不是天天，只在下雨天送。 He drove the sheep into the sheep-run. 他把羊赶进了牧场。11. an old friend of mine 我的一个老朋友a friend of
14、 mine 相当于one of my friends, 此时用了of 和mine两个所有格。如：a friend of my fathers 我父亲的一个朋友；a classmate of his 他的一个同学。12. Wait a minute. 等一会儿。这是一句常用的交际用语，还可以说Just a minute. Wait a minute. Let me write it down. 等一下，让我记下来。 13. look forward to 盼望；期待 Im looking forward to going to the concert of Pan Weibo next mont
15、h. 我盼望着下个月去听潘玮柏演唱会。I also look forward to the trip to Yunnan during the summer holiday.我也期待着暑假期间的云南之行。 【解析】look forward to 中的to是介词，因而后面的宾语应该是名词、代词或动词-ing形式，不能用动词原形。14. hear the birds sing 听鸟儿鸣叫【解析】hear可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意为“听见，听到；听说 ”，强调听的结果。hear常见的搭配有：hear sb.doing sth. （听到某人正在做某事）；hear sb. do sth. （
16、听到某人做了/ 常做某事）；hear from sb. （收到某人来信）；hear of sb. /sth.（听说某人/某事）等。如：I cant hear you. Can you say it loudly? 我听不见你的话，能说高一点吗？We heard the children singing in the classroom at 9 last night. 昨晚九点钟我们听到孩子们在教室里唱歌。I often hear her sing this song. 我经常听到她唱这首歌。I hear they will take a study trip to America. 我听说他
17、们要去美国学习。 listen表示有意识地听、仔细听，强调听的动作。listen to, 意为“听（人、事）”。如：Listen! Who is crying in the next room? 听！谁在隔壁房间里哭？We must listen to the teacher carefully in class. 我们必须在课堂上认真听老师讲课。He listened but heard nothing. 他听了但什么都没听到。 sound意为“听起来，听上去”，常用作系动词，其后跟形容词作表语，还可以与like搭配使用。如：He told me about the book it soun
18、ded interesting. 他告诉了我有关这本书的情况这听起来很有趣。This sounds like a hard question. How can I answer it?这听起来像一个困难的问题。我怎样才能回答呢？15. Shall we take them to the cinema? 为什么不带他们去电影院呢？shall we do sth. 可用于表示提议或征求意见，如：Where shall we have a holiday? 我们去哪儿度假呢？表示提议或征求意见还可用以下句式：What / How about (doing) sth?Why not do sth.?
19、/ Why dont we / you do sth.?Lets do sth.We can do sth.如：Why not give the boy a prize ? =Why dont you give the boy a prize ? 为何不给这个孩子奖励呢？-Lets go to the cinema ? -Why not ?-咱们去看电视吧？-行啊！Shall we go boating this Sunday ? 这个星期天我们去划船好吗？What about having supper together ? 一起吃晚餐怎么样？16I am going to show you
20、 around my home town. 我打算带你参观我的家乡。词组show somebody around some place= take sb.to visit sp. 带领某人参观某处。如：When some visitors came, Mr. Li showed them around the school.每当有参观者来访，李先生就带领他们参观学校。Would you like me to show you around the small garden ? 你愿意我带你参观一下这个小花园吗？Ill show you around my home town.= Ill tak
21、e you to visit my home town. 难句讲析一译通1. There is nothing in the fridge. 冰箱里什么也没有。nothing 相当于not anything。如：-Can you hear anything next door? - No, I hear nothing. = I dont hear anything.- 你听到隔壁有什么声音吗？ - 没有，我什么也没听到。2. Is it enough for a can of dog food? 够买一罐狗食吗？ be enough for 意为“对于来说够了”，如： The chocola
22、tes are enough for the party. 这些巧克力聚会用够了。3. Sunshine Town is not far from the centre of Beijing. 阳光镇离北京市中心不远。be far from.意为“离不远”，而“离近”用be near to。如：My home is near to our school, so I walk there every day. 我家离校很近，所有我天天步行上学。4. It takes only 40 minutes by underground. 乘地铁只要40分钟时间。句中take意为“花费”，此时take的主
23、语应该是“事情”，“花费”的是“时间”，常用句型It takes + 某人+多少时间+ to do sth. （it代表to do sth. ，指一件事）做某事花去某人多少时间。如：It usually takes him half an hour to wash the car. 洗这辆车通常花他半个小时。It takes me half an hour to read English every morning. 我每天早晨花半小时读英语。注意：对该句型中时间提问，用How long, 如：How long does it take to go to Beijing from Shangh
24、ai by train? 从上海到北京坐火车要多长时间？ by underground 乘地铁，类似的用法有by bus , by plane, by train 等，这类词组不能作谓语。如：He usually goes to work by underground. 他常乘地铁去上班。Its very easy to get there by underground. 乘地铁到那儿很容易。5. Sunshine Town is 40 minutes away from the center of Beijing. 这一句型是表示路程距离的概念，提问要用how far。如：- How far
25、 is it from your home to school? = How far is your home from school?-Its 15 minutes from my home to school on foot. = Its 15 minutes walk from my home to school.- 你家离学校有多远？ -我步行从家到学校要十五分钟。6. Most things are not expensive. 大多数的东西不贵。 most后一般直接跟可数或不可数名词，有时也可接有形容词修饰的名词。跟可数名词时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：Most girls lik
26、e playing volleyball. 大部分女孩都喜欢踢足球。I always spent most time learning English. 我总是把大部分时间花在学习英语上。 most of后可直接跟有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词所修饰的名词。如：I spent most of my time learning to play the piano last year. 去年我把大部分时间都花在学弹钢琴上。I did most of that difficult work. 那份困难的工作绝大部分都是由我做的。注意： most of 后接人称代词时，应用复数形式的人称代词宾格。如：M
27、ost of them are going off to Grangzhou next week. 他们中的多数人都准备下星期去广州。7. You can learn all about old China at the museum. 在博物馆你可以了解到古老中华的一切。 句中learn 是“了解”的意思，如：He learns a lot about computers. 他对计算机了解得很多。 I read newspapers every day because I want to learn more about the world.我每天看报学习，因为我要更好地了解世界。learn
28、 和study都有“学习”的意思，它们有时可以互换。 一般说来，learn侧重于通过受教育掌握某种技巧，有“学会，学到”的意思，强调学习的成果。学习做具体的事情要用learn, 而不用study。 study还有“研究”的意思，强调了学习的过程。除此之外，study还可用作名词“书房”。如：Lets learn to speak Japanese. 咱们学习讲日语。We learned a lot from the book. 我们从这本书里学到了许多东西。My father is a Maths teacher. He often studies Maths when he is free.
29、 我父亲是个数学教师。他经常一有空就在研究数学。He studied hard and at last he learned this lesson. 他努力学习，最后学会了这篇短文。Look! He is studying in the study. 看！他正在书房里学习。 8. People here know each other 这里的人互相熟悉。 句中know意为“认识，熟悉”，“非常熟悉”用knowwell表示。如：I know Smith very well. I got to know him 10 years ago. 我非常熟悉史密斯，我10年前就认识他了。each oth
30、er用作动词或介词的宾语，若动词是及物动词就直接跟each other,不加介词；若是不及物动词就要加介词。如：We must help each other. 我们必须互相帮助。（help是及物动词）They looked at each other but said nothing. 他们互相看看，什么也没说。（look是不及物动词） 语法分析一点通 （一）名词所有格名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“s”，译为“的”。如：Tom -Toms。若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“”即可。如：Teachers Day, three months holiday. 而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有
31、格，仍按规则加s。如：Childrens Day. 对于名词所有格，应特别注意以下几点： （1）名词所有格可表示地点my aunts 我姑姑家 ； go to the doctors 去医生那里。（2）表示两人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加s，否则则表示各自拥有。Lucy and Lilys mother. 露西和莉莉的母亲。Tom and Jacks room. 汤姆和杰克的房间（两人合住一间）。Toms and Jacks rooms. （每人一间，共两间房）。 （3）有些指无生命的东西的名词，也可加s构成所有格。如：todays paper 今天的报纸。ten minutes walk.
32、十分钟的步行路程。世界国家城镇等也可加s构成所有格。 Chinas capital. 中国的首都； the worlds people世界人民。 （二）物主代词物主代词是指那类表示人称代词所有关系的代词。它们通常有两大类：一种是形容词性物主代词，另一种是名词性物主代词。 1形容词性物主代词 这类代词在句中通常起定语作用。请看下表中归纳的形容词性物主代词： 数人称单 数复 数第一人称my我的our我们的第二人称your 你的your你们的第三人称his 他的her她的its它的their他/她/它们的具体例句有：My book is on the desk. 我的书在课桌上。Nancy like
33、s her new dress very much. 南希很喜欢她的新连衣裙。 2名词性物主代词名词性物主代词在句中通常起名词的作用，相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。请看下表中归纳的名词性物主代词： 数人称单 数复 数第一人称mine我的ours我们的第二人称yours 你的yours你们的第三人称his 他的hers她的its它的theirs他/她/它们的值得注意的是形容词性物主代词不可以单独使用，但名词性物主代词可以单独使用，并且能在句子中充当多种成分。（1）作主语。Your coat is white. Mine is brown. His is black. (mine=my coat,
34、 his=his coat) 你的外套是白色的。我的是棕色的。他的是黑色的。His is a new shirt. (his=his shirt)他的是件新衬衫。（2）作宾语。My pen is broken. May I use yours ? (yours=your pen) 我的钢笔坏了。我可以用你的吗？I finished my homework and she finished hers. （hers=her homework）我做完了我的家庭作业，她做完了她的。（3）作表语。Whose book is this ? Its hers. (hers=her book) 这是谁的书？是
35、她的。（4）与of连用作定语。He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。 The idea of yours is nice. 你的主意不错。表达剖析一解通一、洋腔洋调。 1. 根据中文提供的情景，用英文问两个wh-问题。 （1）公园在镇中心，当地居民早晨喜欢在那里慢跑。 （2）在剧院你可以欣赏京剧。如果你不会唱京剧，我们可以教你。 （3）阳光镇离北京市中心只有40分钟的路程, 我们可以坐地铁去。（1）Where is the park?/ What do local people do there in the morning?（2）What can we enjoy
36、 in the theatre?/ Who can teach us if we cannot sing Beijing opera?（3）How far is it from Sunshine Town to the centre of Beijing ? / How can you go there?2. 跟着录音模仿朗读以下短文。 Welcome to our town. I am your guide today. Let me tell you something about my town. Our town is hundreds of years old. It is not
37、far from Shanghai. It takes about two hours to drive there. There are a lot of things to do in our town. You can row a boat on the river. You can walk slowly around the park. There are some museums in our town and you can learn a lot about our town there. There are four big shopping malls here. Why
38、not choose some presents for your families and friends. People here are very friendly. I hope you can enjoy your stay here.二、下笔成章。 介绍自己家乡的短文体裁虽然可以多样化，但用得较多的还是描写文体载。所谓描写文，是指用生动的语言描写各种事物、地点、环境以及人物的状态、表现等的一种文体。在写描写文时，要尽可能把自己平时所观察到的人物或景物细节写出来，适当可以表达自己的情感和情绪。 对于家乡的描写，可以描写家乡的地理位置、景观、气候、特色等几个方面，称为客观描写；也可以借
39、景抒发自己的情感，称为主观描写。 对于家乡的介绍，常采用地点的空间方位作为介绍的顺序；它能把复杂的地理位置，通过分层说明，详尽而有条理地解说清楚，给读者一个具体的位置，清晰的印象。 根据说明地点结构特点、介绍顺序一般有定位观察顺序和移位观察顺序。 1定位观察顺序 先确定一个固定的观察点，然后或上或下，或左或右，或远或近，按合理的顺序，从不同的方位、角度来介绍说明某个地点。 2移位观察顺序 一般按作者的游览顺序。依次设立一个个观察点，逐步逐层对地点进行介绍。范文选读（A）（基础） My home town is not very modern, but its a beautiful place
40、. Its at the foot of green mountains. Theres a river beside it, and theres a primary school beside the river. Some boys and girls usually swim in it. There are many wide fields around my home town. Now people in my home town live a rich life. In the morning, people go to work with happy songs. In th
41、e evening, they go home happily. My home town is a wonderful place. It is full of happiness and laughter I love my hometown, and I love people here. They are healthy and friendly. They are making our home town better. Really, there is no place better than my home town. (B) （提升）Dear Andy, I love the
42、city you are living in. There are so many interesting things in your daily life. My hometown is a small village called ， not far away from city. I live on a farm. There are many animals on the farm. They are pigs, chickens, sheep, cows and horses. I like my hometown, because I can hear birds sing an
43、d sheep bleat. I can see the blue sky and green hills. I can swim in the clean river near my house in summer. If you have time to come to my hometown some day, Ill be very glad to show you around the farm. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours faithfully Zhao Bin助你解题1词形转换（扬州中考） Our way of l
44、earning English is a lot better than _(they). 分析 本题的意思为“我们学英语的方法比他们的要好的多。”根据前后分析，空格上应填their way of learning English, 故用名词性物主代词theirs。2选择题（新疆中考）It takes us nearly _ hour _to Korla by air. A. an, to go B. a , to go C. an , go D. an , going 分析 hour为元音音素开头的单词，“一小时”应选用an; 做某事花去某人多少时间这一结构为It takes sb some time to do something. 故应选A。3句形转换（福州中考）Why not ask the man over there ? (改为同义句)Why _ _ ask the man over there ?分析 Why not do sth？表示建议，相当于Why dont you do sth ? 故应填dont you.4词形转换（启东中考）-Whose are these shoes ?-They are these _ (woman).分析 本题考查复数名词的所有格。因为woman的复数women是不带s