1、语态,考点一 被动语态的应用 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态（某人做某事）；当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态（某事被某人做）。 一、各种时态的被动语态 被动语态由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。,二、主动语态变被动语态的方法 第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。 第二步：把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，应把宾格变为主格。 第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。 第四步：把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介
2、词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变为宾格。,考点二 被动语态的几种特殊形式 1. 主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式，变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号to。例如： We saw an alien get out of the UFO. An alien was seen to get out of the UFO.,【温馨提示】 后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补部分不变。 对比：We heard Jim playing the guitar in hi
3、s room. Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room.,2. 谓语动词后接双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）时， （1）把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。例如： He gave me a new book. 间接宾语 直接宾语 I was given a new book by him.,(2)把直接宾语变主语，间接宾语不变。例如： He gave me a new book. 间接宾语 直接宾语 A new book was given to me by him.,3. 句中谓语是动词短语时，变为被动语态时要注意其 完整性。 Jack turne
4、d on the TV just now. The TV was turned on by Jack just now. 4. 带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只须把宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语仍保留在原处，作主语补足语。例如： Our teacher told us to clean the classroom at once. We were told to clean the classroom at once by our teacher.,5. 主动表被动 (1) feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。例如： The
5、dishes smell so delicious. 菜闻起来真香。 Your idea sounds better. 你的主意听起来更好。,(2)有些动词，如sell, cut, drive, wash, clean, write, open, lock等，作为不及物动词时可以用主动语态表示被动含义。例如： Books of Harry Potter sell well. 哈利波特系列的书很畅销。 My pen writes smoothly. 我的钢笔写起字来很流畅。,(3) sth. need/ want/ require doing相当于 sth. need/ want/ requir
6、e to be done (不定式的被动结构)。例如： Your room needs cleaning. = Your room needs to be cleaned. 你的房间需要打扫了。 (4) be worth doing(值得做) 中的doing表示被动含义。 The movie is worth watching by everyone. 这部电影值得所有人看一看。,6. 不用被动语态的情况 (1)系动词、不及物动词或某些动词短语没有被动语态。 例如：come true; fall asleep; keep quiet; take place等； (2)主动句的宾语是不定式或do
7、ing时不能用作被动语态的主语； (3)反身代词或each other不能作被动语态的主语。,7. 被动语态与系表结构的区别 “be + p. p. ”表示动作时是被动语态；“be + p. p. ” 表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。 (1)含有“by + 宾语”结构强调动作执行者，此时为被动语态。例如： The window is broken. 窗户坏了。（系表结构） The window is broken by me. 窗户是我打破的。（被动语态）,(2)句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般是被动语态。例如： The door was closed. 门是关着的。（系表结构） The d
8、oor was closed at 9: 00. 九点钟关的门。（被动语态）,(3)系表结构中常用介词搭配，被动语态中没有介词搭配。例如： Were worried about the boy. 我们担心那个男孩。 (4)系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。例如： Im really surprised at the news. 我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。 (5)系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态可用于多种时态。,单项选择 1. （2012黔西南州中考）A football match between class two and class three _ tomorrow a
9、fternoon. A. is held B. was held C. must be held D. will be held 【解析】选D。由时间状语tomorrow afternoon可知时态为一般将来时，再由主语A football match与hold之间存在被动关系可知用被动语态，故选D。,2. （2012六盘水中考）Look at that sign. Smoking _ here. A. isnt allowed B. doesnt allow C. arent allowed D. dont allow 【解析】选A。句意：看那个标识。这儿不准吸烟。smoking与allow
10、之间存在被动关系，smoking是动名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数，故选A。,3. （2011重庆中考）Im glad to find that many trees _ in our city last year. A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted 【解析】选C。 many trees与plant之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态，再由时间状语last year“去年”可知时态为一般过去时，故选C。,4. (2011济南中考）Lets play computer games this evening. It _ good. A.
11、sounds B. feels C. tastes D. smells 【解析】选A。考查feel、look、sound、smell、taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。句意：让我们今天晚上玩电脑游戏吧！听起来好极了。故选A。,5. （2011宁波中考）There was a big earthquake in Japan, but luckily many people _. A. save B. saved C. are saved D. were saved 【解析】选D。由主语和谓语动词是被动关系可知语态为被动语态，再由“There was. . . ”可知是过去时，因此用一般过
12、去时的被动语态，故选D。,6. （2011贵阳中考）Were very glad to know that a great sports meeting _ in Guiyang this September. A. will hold B. will be held C. will be hold 【解析】选B。一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will be + 动词的过去分词”。故选B。,7. （2011兰州中考）In many places in China, the old over 90 _ not only by their family but also by the governm
13、ent. A. is taking good care B. are taken good care of C. is taking good care of D. are taken good care,【解析】选B。句意：在中国的许多地方，超过90岁的老人不仅被他们的家人好好照顾着，而且也被政府照顾着。the old“老人”，指一类人，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，故排除A、C，被动语态中的动作须是及物动词或带介词的不及物动词，故选B。,8. （2011呼和浩特中考）At last the boy was made _ and began to laugh. A. stop crying B
14、. to stop to cry C. to stop crying D. stop to cry 【解析】选C。句意：最后这个男孩被弄得停止了哭，开始笑了。make，have，see 等动词的复合结构在变为被动语态时要把主动语态中省略的to还原；stop doing“停止做”。故选C。,9. （2012黄石中考）You should have to stay behind if your homework _ before five oclock. A. isnt done B. wont be done C. doesnt do D. wasnt done 【解析】选A。homework与do之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态，再由if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来可知答案为A。,10. （2011长沙中考）May I use your cup, Tom? Sorry, it _ by my sister just now. A. was broken B. is broken C. broke 【解析】选A。根据句意可知是被动语态，又因时间状语为just now，故选A。,