1、句子成分,句子是由不同种类的单词按照一定的语法规则组合在一起，能表达一个完整意思的语言单位所构成。组成句子的各个成分即是句子成分。句子成分主要有八种，分别是主语、谓语、表语、宾语、(宾语和主语)补足语、定语、状语及同位语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，其他成分，如表语和宾语等是句子的次要成分。,一、主语 用来说明句子所说的是“什么人”或是“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。,二、谓语 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”，谓语用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两个方面必须一致。,三、表语 表语表示主语的性质、特征、身份等。表语要放在系动词之后与系动词一起作复合
2、谓语。,四、宾语 宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者,五、定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词,六、状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表示行为发生的地点、时间、方式、程度等。,七、宾语补足语 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的情况,单项选择 1. （2012六盘水中考）Tell the children _ unhealthy food. Its bad for their health. A. not to eat B. not eating C. to eat D. eating 【解析】选A。tell sb. not to do sth. “告诉某人不要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足
3、语，故选A。,2. （2012安顺中考）When I went into the room, I found _ in bed. A. him lying B. he lying C. he lies D. him was lying 【解析】选A。find sb. doing sth. “发现某人正在做某事”，现在分词作宾语补足语。,3. (2011凉山中考)I have _ to tell you. Maybe you will be _ in it. A. interesting something; interested B. something interesting; intere
4、sting C. something interesting; interested 【解析】选C。形容词修饰不定代词时，应该放在其后面。be interested in是固定搭配，意思是“对感兴趣”。故选C。,4. (2011贵港中考)What do you think of the two backpacks? _ of them are very nice. A. Either B. Both C. Each D. All 【解析】选B。either “(两者中)任意一个”；both“(两者)都”；each “(三者或者三者以上中)任意一个”；all “(三者或者三者以上)都”，根据答句
5、中be动词are，故作主语的是复数，问句指的是the two backpacks。故选B。,5. (2011杭州中考)Nick, would you mind _ those old jeans? They look terrible. A. not to wear B. not wear C. wearing not D. not wearing 【解析】选D。考查mind的用法。mind后面跟动词-ing，否定形式为mind not doing。故选D。,6. (2011丽水中考)Kate and I are going to the concert this weekend. Dad will take _ there. A. it B. you C. us D. them 【解析】选C。前面提到“凯特和我”，所以后面“爸爸”应该是带着“我们”去那里，故选C。,7. (2011岳阳中考) _ of the land is covered with trees and grass in Pingjiang, Yueyang. A. Three fives B. Three fifths C. Three fifth 【解析】选B。 分子用基数词表示；分母用序数词表示，当分子大于1时，分母加-s，故选B。,