1、形容词,考点一 形容词的基本功能 一、语法功能 形容词修饰名词或代词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,在句中可作定语、表语或宾语补足语。,【巧学妙记】形容词功能多,作表作定都许可。 作表放在系动后,构成系表的结构。 说明主语何特征、何种身份和状态。 作定放在名词前,修饰代词放后面。,【温馨提示】 (1)叙述性形容词 (如ill,well,afraid,alive, alone,asleep, awake等)一般只能用于系动词后作表语,不能作名词前定语。 (2)系表结构后接动词不定式结构。例如: Im sorry to hear that. 听说那件事我很难过。,(3)the加上某些形容词相当于名词,
2、表示一类人或事物。例如: the old(老人,旧东西),the young (年轻人),the rich(富人),the poor (穷人),the blind (盲人),the sick (病人),the new(新鲜的事物) (4)多个形容词作定语时的排序 不少学生对如何排列形容词的词序颇感困惑。在此,我们向同学们介绍一个简易的记忆方法。请你记住“限观形龄颜国材”,如果这几个字不好记,你就记“县官行令宴国才”。,例如:There is a small old black wooden desk in my room. 在我的房间里有一个又小又旧的黑色木桌。 His living room
3、 is decorated with a large green Chinese carpet. 他的起居室里装饰着绿色的中国大地毯。,二、易混形容词辨析 1. 以-ing和-ed结尾的分词形容词 (1)以-ing结尾的形容词表示主动意义,一般修饰事物,表示事物的特征或性质,如interesting,surprising, exciting,frightening,amazing,worrying等。 (2)以-ed结尾的形容词表示被动意义,一般修饰人,表示人的感觉,常与介词in/about/at等构成短语搭配,如interested,surprised,excited,frightened,
4、amazed,worried等。例如:,The story has a surprising end. Everyone is surprised at it. 这个故事有个令人惊奇的结尾。人人都对它感到惊奇。 Why are you so interested in sports? 你为什么对运动如此感兴趣? Because they keep me fit. 因为它们能使我保持健康。,2. many/much/few/a few/little/a little,考点二 形容词的比较等级 一、比较级和最高级的构成 1. 规则变化,【巧学妙记】 比较等级的变化 比较级要变化,一般词尾加-er。
5、 词尾若有哑音e,直接加r就可以。 一辅重读闭音节,辅音字母要双写。 辅音字母加y,要把y改i。 最高级加-est,前面加the莫忘记。 形容词若是多音节,只把more, most前面写。,2. 不规则变化,二、形容词比较等级的基本用法 1. 原级句型,2. 比较级句型,3. 最高级句型,【温馨提示】 1. 形容词比较级前可用a lot/far/a bit/much/even/still等词来修饰,表示“得多”,“更”,“一些”。very, really, so, too, rather, pretty, quite等词后只能用原级。例如: The problem is a lot more
6、difficult than that one. 这道题比那道题要难得多。 He is so careless that he loses the purse. 他是如此粗心以至于弄丢了钱包。,2. 形容词最高级前不用the的情况 (1)形容词最高级用于同自身不同场合相比较时不带the。例如: Im busiest on Mondays. 我星期一最忙。 (2)形容词最高级前有物主代词、名词所有格时,不带the。例如: Alice is the old mans youngest daughter. 艾丽斯是这位老人最小的女儿。,(3)两个或多个形容词的最高级并列使用,从第二个起,就不带the
7、。例如: Bob is the youngest and tallest boy in our class. 鲍勃是我们班最小也是最高的男孩。 (4)形容词最高级在句中作宾语补足语时,常不带the。例如: I think grammar hardest in our English study. 我认为在我们的英语学习中语法最难。,. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. (2012临沂中考)Recently, scientists have found that dogs are _ (smart)than cats. 2. (2012安顺中考)The boys like palying baske
8、tball because they think they can be _ (relax). 3. (2012烟台中考)Can you tell me the _ (long) of the new bridge? 答案: 1. smarter 2. relaxed 3. length,4. (2011上海中考)It is a very _ (use)book for language learners to improve writing skills. 5. (2011烟台中考)What should we do to help the _ (home) people after the
9、 earthquake? 6. (2011贵阳中考)Martin was _ (interest)in Chinese history after he came to China and he read a lot about it. 答案: 4. useful 5. homeless 6. interested,7. (2011临沂中考)This is one of the _ (big) rabbits in the world. He eats 12 carrots, six apples and two cabbages every day. 8. (2011永州中考)The _ (
10、much)we exercise, the healthier well get. 答案: 7. biggest 8. more,. 单项选择 1. (2012恩施中考)Would you like to have _ cake? No, thanks. Im full. A. more B. another C. other 【解析】选B。another“另一个;又一个”,泛指不定数量中的“另一个”,故选B。,2. (2011安徽中考)We felt _ when Liu Xiang won the first prize again in the race. A. brave B. pro
11、ud C. successful D. worried 【解析】选B。brave勇敢的;proud自豪的;successful成功的;worried忧虑的。由常识可知当刘翔在比赛中又获得第一名时,我们应该感到自豪。故选B。,3. (2011山西中考)Why are you staying up so late playing computer games again? Stop being so _. A. funny B. silly C. serious 【解析】选B。前句句意为“你为什么又熬夜这么晚玩电脑游戏?”可知,下一句应为“别这么愚蠢了。”funny有趣的;silly愚蠢的;ser
12、ious严肃的。,4. (2012恩施中考)Farmers have become _ in our hometown in recent years. A. more and more rich B. richer and richer C. more rich and more rich 【解析】选B。“比较级and比较级”意为“越就越”,rich的比较级是richer。,5. (2012孝感中考)Lets go shopping at the new mall. Why not shop online? Its _. A. expensive B. more expensive C. l
13、ess expensive D. the most expensive 【解析】选C。由句意可知答语应为“为什么不网上购物?它更便宜。”less expensive意为“更便宜”。,6. (2011潍坊中考) Which city has _ population, Shanghai, Hong Kong or Qingdao? Shanghai, of course. A. the smallest B. the least C. the most D. the largest 【解析】选D。形容人口的“多”和“少”用large / big和small;由常识可知,上海比其他两个城市的人口多
14、,所以可判断出前句问的是哪个城市人口最多。句意:上海、香港和青岛,哪一个城市人口最多? 当然是上海。故选D。,7. (2012恩施中考)If there is _ pollution, the air in our city will be _ dirtier. A. less; more B. more; much C. less; less D. more; more 【解析】选B。less与more常用来修饰原级构成比较级,但是不能修饰比较级。,8. (2012黔西南州中考)Which city has _ population, Beijing, Cuiyang or Xingyi? Xingyi, of course. A. the largest B. the smallest C. the most D. the least 【解析】选B。形容人口多少用large和small, 在所给的三个地方中兴义应该是人口最少的城市,故选B。,