1、第13讲 复合句,专题二 语法知识,2020年中考复习课件,单项填空,A,C,(,)1.What do you think of your Junior Middle School,life? I think its colorful _ I am always busy.,A.although,B.because,C.if,D.whenever,(,)2.Everyone wants to reach the top of the mountain, but,some climbers have to give it up _ it is too high.,A.while,B.unless
2、,C.because,D.although,(,)3.If we _ take environmental problems seriously,D,B,the earth _ worse and worse. A.dont; wont be B.wont; isnt C.wont; is D.dont; will be,(,)4.A WeChat is an invention _ can help people,talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feelings freely.,A.who C.where,B.which D.when,(,)
3、5.Could you tell me _？,C,By searching the Internet. A.how did Jimmy get the information B.why Jimmy got the information C.how Jimmy got the information D.why did Jimmy get the information,宾语从句,当一个句子在复合句中充当宾语时，该句叫宾语从句。其 考点主要是宾语从句的引导词、语序及时态等。如下表：,(续表),(续表),(续表),注意：1.由 what, how, where 等疑问词引导的宾语从句可转,换为
4、“疑问词不定式”结构。如：,She hasnt decided where she will go on holiday. She hasnt decided where to go on holiday.她还没决定去哪里度假。 Could you tell me how I can make fruit salad? Could you tell me how to make fruit salad？你能告诉我怎么做水果沙 拉吗？,2. 动词 think, make, find 等后面的宾语从句可转换为简单,句，即：think/make/find宾语宾语补足语。如：,I think that
5、 hes a great man.I think him a great man.我认为,他是个了不起的人。,3.如果主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, guess, suppose 等动 词，要将从句中的否定词放到主句谓语动词之前，即“否定前 移”：主句谓语动词用否定式，从句中则用肯定式。如： I dont think (that) he is a Chinese.我认为他不是中国人。,定语从句,由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰名词或代词的从句称为 定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的 关系词有：(1)关系代词：who, whom, that, whose, w
6、hich；(2)关 系副词：when, where, why。,关系词的选用,1.先行词指人时，通常用 who (做主语、表语或宾语), whom (做宾语)或 that (做主语、表语或宾语)做引导词。引导词做主语 时不能省略，做宾语时可以省略。如：,Jimmy is the man who/that won the first prize.吉米就是那个,获得一等奖的人。,The man (that/who/whom) we all like is our head teacher.我们,大家都喜欢的人是我们的班主任。,2.先行词指物时，可用 that/which 引导，在从句中做主语、,表
7、语或宾语。若前面有介词时，只能用 which。如：,The book that/which is thicker is mine.那本厚些的书是我的。 The knife with which I cut the apples is very sharp.我用来切,苹果的那把刀很锋利。,3.先行词与定语从句中某个名词有所属关系，表示“,的”时，要用关系代词 whose 做定语。如：,The math book whose cover is red is hers.封面是红色的那本,数学书是她的。,4.先行词为表示时间的词，且在定语从句中做时间状语时，,常用关系副词 when。如：,I will
8、 never forget the days when we studied together in,America.我永远不会忘记我们一起在美国学习的那些日子。 5.先行词为表示地点的词，且在定语从句中做地点状语时，,常用关系副词 where。如：,We spent two weeks in the city where we met for the first time.,我们在初次相遇的城市里待了两周。,注意：关系副词 when, where 只能在从句中做状语，不可充,当主语或宾语。,6.先行词为 reason (原因)，且在定语从句中做原因状语时，,要用关系副词 why。如：,Nob
9、ody knows the reason why she left this company. 没有人,知道她离开这家公司的原因。,只能用关系代词 that 的情况,(续表),状语从句,如果一个句子在复合句中做状语，则该句叫状语从句。其 考点是各类状语从句的引导词及主从句时态一致的问题。,时间状语从句,时间状语从句的引导词有 when (当时；就在这时), as (当时), while (当时；然而), till/until (直到), since ( 自从以来), before ( 在之前), after ( 在之后), as soon as (一就), by the time (到时候为止
10、)等。 注意：如果主句是一般将来时态，时间状语从句中应用一,般现在时态替代一般将来时态，即“主将从现”。,1.when, while 和 as 引导的从句,(续表),2.till/until 引导的从句,till/until 表示“直到”，若主句为肯定式，此时主句谓 语动词必须用延续性动词，表示“做某事直到某时”；若主句 为否定式，此时主句谓语动词用延续性或非延续性动词皆可， 表示“直到某时才做某事”。如：,He ran till it rained.他一直跑步直到下雨。,He didnt run till it rained.直到下雨了，他才开始跑步。 The bus wont start
11、until everybody gets on.公共汽车直到每,个人都上车了才会发动。,3.since 引导的从句,since 表示“自从以来”，后跟表示过去的时间点。主 句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。常见短语为 ever since (自那时起一直到现在)，常用句型为“It is/has been时间段 since 从句”。如：,The family has lived in the old house since the father died. 自,从父亲过世，这家人就一直住在这栋老房子里。,It is/has been ten years since he lived here
12、. 他住在这儿已经,10 年了。,4.before 和 after 引导的从句,before 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前； after 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。二者可 与 not.until.相互转换。如：,We turned off the lights before we left. We left after we turned off the lights.We didnt turn off the lights until we left. 我 们在离开前关了灯。,5.as soon as 引导的从句,as soon as 表示“一就”，表示主句的
13、动作紧随着,从句的动作进行。如：,I will throw away the broken pair of shoes as soon as I buy a,new one.等我一买到新鞋，我就会把这双破鞋扔掉。,原因状语从句,原因状语从句的引导词有 because (因为), since (因为，既,然), as (因为，由于), for (因为)等。如：,He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.他昨天,没来上学，因为他生病了。,Since you are free, you can help him.既然你没什么事，你可,以
14、帮帮他。,David just waited there as he didnt know what to do. 因为不,知道该做什么，大卫就在那儿等。,The Smiths had to start early, for there was a long way to go. 史密斯一家不得不早早动身，因为有很长的路要走。,注意：because 和 so 不能同时使用。,地点状语从句,地点状语从句的引导词有 where (哪里), wherever (无论哪,里)等。如：,Id like to go where the air is very fresh.我想去空气比较清,新的地方。,Wh
15、erever you go, Ill be right here waiting for you.无论你去,哪儿，我都会在这儿等你。,条件状语从句,条件状语从句的引导词有 if (如果), unless (除非，如果不), as long as (只要), as far as (据所知)等。若主句用一般将来 时，条件状语从句须用一般现在时表示将来的动作，即“主将 从现”。如：,He will return if he finds the truth.如果发现真相，他就会返,回。,You will fail the exam unless you study hard from now on.
16、除,非你从现在开始努力学习，否则你会考试失败的。,As far as I know, he will take part in the competition alone,next week.据我所知，他将于下周独自参加竞赛。,比较状语从句,比较状语从句的引导词有 as.as (和一样), not so/as.,as (和不一样), than (比)等。如：,Peter is not as tall as his elder brother.彼得不像他哥哥那,么高。,He is much more outgoing than he used to be.他现在比过去,开朗多了。,目的状语从句,
17、目的状语从句的引导词有 so that (以便于；目的是；为了),in order that (为了)等。如：,He stood up so that/in order that he could see the blackboard,clearly.他站起来，以便能清楚地看到黑板。,结果状语从句,结果状语从句的引导词有 so/such.that.(如此以至,于)等。,注意：so.that.和 such.that.的区别：,(续表),让步状语从句,让步状语从句的引导词有though/although (虽然/尽管),even though/if (即使，尽管)等。如：,Though/Altho
18、ugh shes not beautiful, shes kind and sincere.虽,然不漂亮，但她善良而真诚。,Even though/if it rains tomorrow, we will hold the meeting on,time, too.即便明天下雨，我们也要按时开会。,注意：though/although 不能和but 连用。,1.We should take care of the earth _ we can make a better world to live in.(2019 年广东),A.so that,B.until,C.even if,D.whi
19、le,点拨选A 考查从属连词辨析。句意：我们应该保护地球 以便我们能创造一个更好的世界来居住。so that 以便，引导目 的状语从句；until 直到，引导时间状语从句；even if 即使， 引导让步状语从句；while当时候，引导时间状语从句。由 句意知，后一分句是前一分句的目的。故选 A。,2.Have you decided _ the Expo 2019 Beijing?,This summer holiday.(2019 年广东),A.how are you going to B.how you are going to C.when are you going to D.whe
20、n you are going to,点拨选 D 考查宾语从句。由谓语动词 decided 可知，空 格处是宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句语序，可排除 A、C 两 项；由答语可知，上句问的是时间，可排除 B 项。故选 D。,3.Not all children _ watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science.(2019 年广东),A.whom,B.which,C.who,D.whose,点拨选C 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：并不是所有观 看到这个视频的孩子都会成为一名科学家
21、，但有些(孩子)或许 会对科学感兴趣。本句是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词 children 指人，引导词在从句中做主语，故应用关系代词who 引导定语从句。故选 C。,4.Could you tell me _ youd like me to pay you? Youd better use mobile payment.I dont care _ it is Ali Pay or WeChat Pay.(2018 年广东),A.how; whether C.what; whether,B.how; why D.what; why,点拨选 A 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：“你能告诉我 你想要我
22、如何给你付款吗？”“你最好用手机支付。我不介意 你是用支付宝还是用微信支付。”本题中，第一个空表示“如 何”付款，应用引导词 how；第二个空考查 whether.or.，意 为“是还是”。故选 A。,5.Johnson wont answer the phone if he _ the number. (2017 年广东),A.knew C.will know,B.doesnt know D.didnt know,点拨选 B 考查条件状语从句的时态。if 表示“如果”， 引导条件状语从句时，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时， 即“主将从现”原则。故选 B。,6.Do you know _
23、yesterday?,Yes.He went for the boat race.(2017 年广东),A.why didnt Peter go to school B.why doesnt Peter go to school C.why Peter didnt go to school D.why Peter doesnt go to school,点拨选C 考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句的语序为陈述 句语序，故排除A、B 两项。根据宾语从句中的关键词yesterday 可知用一般过去时。故选C。,7.According to a survey, people _ are able to s
24、peak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily. (2017 年广东),A.which C.whose,B.whom D.who,点拨选D 考查定语从句的用法。people 为定语从句的先 行词，当先行词为人时，关系词须用who 或that。故选D。,8.Unless the weather _ ， we will have to cancel the picnic.(2016 年广东),A.improve C.improved,B.improves D.will improve,点拨选 B 考查条件状
25、语从句的时态。句意：除非天气改 善，否则我们不得不取消野餐。unless 相当于 if.not，意为“除 非；如果不”，引导的是条件状语从句，该从句遵从“主将从 现”原则，主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。故选 B。,9.Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years.Everything _ comes into sight is so new to me.(2016 年广东),A.that,B.which,C.who,D.whom,点拨选 A 考查定语从句的用法。句意：在过去的十年间， 我们城市发生了巨大的
26、变化。对我来说，映入眼帘的一切都是 新的。当先行词为something, anything, everything 等表物的不定 代词时，关系词要用that。故选A。,10.I wonder _. It will fall on a Saturday.(2016 年广东) A.how will National Day fall on this year B.how National Day will fall on this year C.what day will National Day fall on this year D.what day National Day will fal
27、l on this year,点拨选 D,考查宾语从句的用法。句意：“我想知道今,年的国庆节将是周几？”“周六。”根据答语中的 Saturday 可 知应该用 what day 提问，故排除 A、B 两项；此外，宾语从句 应该使用陈述句语序。故选 D。,11.Sir, Jenny wants to know when she can leave the office. Only when she _ copying this report.(2015 年广东),A.finishes C.finished,B.finish D.will finish,点拨选 A 考查时间状语从句的时态。句意：“
28、先生，詹 妮想知道她什么时候才能离开办公室。”“只有当她抄写完这 份报告。”when 引导的是时间状语从句，根据前一句可知时态 为一般现在时。同时从句的主语 she 为第三人称，所以动词要 用单数形式。故选 A。,12.David asked _ in China.,Of course not.Chinese usually shake hands with a lady as a,greeting.(2015 年广东),A.why he can greet a lady by kissing her B.why he could greet a lady by kissing her C.w
29、hether he can greet a lady by kissing her D.whether he could greet a lady by kissing her,点拨选 D 考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句的主句如果是 一般过去时，从句用相应的过去时态，可排除 A、C 两项；根 据答语可知问句是：大卫问在中国他是否能通过亲吻女士以表 达问候。故选 D。,13.Running man is a very relaxing TV program _ is hot among the young people.(2015 年广东),A.what C.who,B.which D.whom,点拨选B 考查定语从句的用法。句意：奔跑吧，兄弟 是一档非常有趣的电视节目，它在年轻人中很受欢迎。定语从 句的先行词 TV program 为“物”，故应用 which 来引导。故 选 B。,