1、第10讲 非谓语动词,专题二 语法知识,2020年中考复习课件,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The policeman stopped us and told us _,(not drive) so fast in this street.,not to drive,climb,2.Im really worried about my son when I see him _,(climb) the hill.,to teach/teaching,3.My dream job is _ (teach) children how to,draw great pictures in the
2、 future.,developed,developing,4.America is a_ country while China is a _,country.(develop),visiting,5.Jackson is having a great time _ (visit) the places of interest in Guizhou.,动词不定式,1.动词不定式的作用,(续表),(续表),(续表),2. 动词不定式的一些特殊用法,(1)后接不定式做宾语的动词主要有：,三个希望两答应(hope, wish, want, agree, promise)，一个要,求莫拒绝(dema
3、nd, refuse)，,设法学会做决定(manage, learn, decide)，不要假装在选择,(pretend, choose)。,(2) 在常 用句型 “find/think it adj.( for/of sb.) to do sth.”中，it 做形式宾语，动词不定式做真正的宾语，放在宾语 补足语(adj.)后面。如：,I find it great to walk along such a beautiful river.我发现沿着,这么美丽的河散步真的很棒。,(3)有些使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式做宾语补足 语，但不定式须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(h
4、ear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、 五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的 to 则要加上。如： The funny child made everyone laugh. 这个有趣的孩子让每,个人都笑了。,Everyone was made to laugh by the funny child. 每个人都,被这个有趣的孩子逗笑了。,(4)感官动词“see/watch/notice/hearsb.do sth.”强调动,作的全过程或经常性。如：,All of us heard her sin
5、g.我们全都听到了她唱歌。,(5)had better (not) do sth.意为“最好(不要)做某事”，是固 定搭配，其中 had 没有人称和时态的变化，可缩写为“d”。如： Wed/We had better (not) eat anything in the room. 我们最好,(不要)在房间里吃东西。,(6)“Why not do sth.？/Why dont you do sth.？”意为“(你),为什么不做某事呢？”，用于提出建议。如：,Why dont you (Why not) join us now? 现在(你)为什么不,加入我们这一方呢？,(7)would rathe
6、r do sth.than do sth.意为“宁愿做某事而不愿,做某事”。如：,I would rather stay at home than go to school. 我宁愿待在家,里也不愿去上学。,(8)动词不定式的否定形式是 not to do，其被动形式为 to be,done。如：,She decided not to go there.她决定不去那儿了。,The bike needs to be mended (mending).这辆自行车需要,修理了。,特殊疑问词动词不定式,1.有些动词，如 ask, know, learn, decide, tell, show, tea
7、ch 等， 后面可接“疑问代词或副词动词不定式”做宾语，相当于一 个宾语从句。常用的疑问代词和疑问副词有 who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why 等。如： I dont know where to go.我不知道去哪儿。 He asked how to do it.他问怎么做。,2.后接“疑问词to do”做宾语的动词主要有：,学会 忘记有难处(learn, forget)，想知道就别来劝告(wonder,know, advise)，,展开 讨论教人对付(show, discuss, teach)，弄清楚才决定告,诉(find
8、out, decide, tell)。,注意：“疑问词动词不定式”可用来替代宾语从句。如： I cant decide which one I will buy (which one to buy).我无,法决定要买哪一个。,Can you tell me how I can get to the station ( how to get to,the station)? 你能告诉我怎样到达车站吗？,动名词,1.动名词在句中的作用,(续表),2.有些动词后面只能跟动名词做宾语。常见的动词有： enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 keep doing sth.一直做某事 suggest
9、doing sth.建议做某事 finish doing sth.做完某事 mind doing sth.介意做某事 practice doing sth.练习做某事 miss doing sth.错过/怀念做某事,3.有些动词短语或词组后面可以跟动名词做宾语。常见的,短语有：,be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣 spend.(in) doing sth.花费做某事 be busy doing sth.忙于做某事,have fun (in) doing sth.开开心心做某事,have a good/great/wonderful time (in) doin
10、g sth. 高高兴兴做,某事,have a hard time (in) doing sth.做某事很困难/麻烦,have trouble/problems (in) doing sth.做某事很困难/麻烦,feel like doing sth.想要做某事,be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 give up doing sth.放弃做某事 put off doing sth.推迟做某事,look forward to doing sth.盼望着做某事 pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事,prefer doing sth.to doi
11、ng sth.喜欢做某事胜过做某事 cant help doing sth.忍不住/情不自禁做某事,make contributions to doing sth.为做某事而做出贡献 keep/stop/prevent sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 devote (.) to doing sth.献身于/致力于做某事,4.有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词，但表达的意义不,同，常见的有：,stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止做某事 try to do sth.努力做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事,forget t
12、o do sth.忘记去做某事(没有做) forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事(已做) remember to do sth.记住去做某事(还没做),remember doing sth.记得曾经做过某事(已做) regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(还没做) regret doing sth.对做过的事感到遗憾/后悔(已做) go on to do sth.做完一件事后继续做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做原来那件事,need to do sth.某人需要做某事(含主动意思) need doing 某东西需要被做(含被动意思) used to d
13、o sth.过去常常做某事,be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事,1.Young people are encouraged to work hard _ their own dreams.(2019 年广东),A.achieve C.to achieve,B.achieves D.achieved,点拨选 C 考查动词不定式。句意：年轻人被鼓励努力学 习以便实现他们自己的梦想。由句意知，这里用动词不定式短 语做目的状语。故选 C。,2.After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless.I think it
14、important _ a peaceful world.(2018 年广东),A.build C.to build,B.not build D.not to build,点拨选 C 考查动词不定式。句意：经过长达数年的战争， 许多叙利亚人失去家园。我认为建立一个和平的世界是非常重 要的。句中的 it 为形式宾语，动词不定式短语 to build.是真正 的宾语。根据句意可知选 C。,3.For more than once, our head teacher asks us _ the habit of keeping a diary.(2017 年广东),A.develop C.devel
15、oping 点拨选 D,B.develops D.to develop 考查动词不定式。ask sb.to do sth.意为“要求,某人做某事”。故选 D。,4.Leonardo DiCaprio, a famous American actor, was always expecting _ an Oscar and finally he made it.(2016 年广东),A.to win C.not to win 点拨选 A,B.winning D.not winning 考查动词不定式。句意：莱昂纳多迪卡普里,奥是美国著名的演员，一直期待着获得奥斯卡奖，最终他成功 了。expect
16、 to do sth.意为“期待做某事”，其否定形式为expect not to do sth.，结合句意可知此处应该用肯定形式。故选 A。,5.We advise parents _ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.(2015 年广东),A.not leave C.leave 点拨选 B,B.not to leave D.to leave 考查动词不定式。 句意：我们建议父母为了,远离危险，不要把他们的孩子单独留在家里。advise sb.not to do sth.意为“建议某人不要做某事”。故选 B。,