1、专题七 名词性从句,考向分析 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。高考 对名词性从句的考查主要体现在对what,that,whether,whatever,whichev- er,when,where,how等引导词的考查上,其中what和that是考查的重点。,考点清单 一、主语从句 单句填空 1.Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 答案 whoever 句意:每年,在风筝节上,制作出最漂亮的风筝的人会赢 得一份奖品。设空处引导主语
2、从句,从句中缺少主语成分,且表示“无 论谁”,故填whoever。,语境运用,2.Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps. 答案 Whatever 句意:你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你做的任何事 情都有帮助。本题考查主语从句。“ you can do”为主语从句, 该从句缺少宾语,且表示“任何事情”,故答案为Whatever(相当于Any- thing that)。 3.It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on
3、 to hope. 答案 that 句意:对于那些总是不放弃希望的人来说,发生任何事情都 是有可能的,这是很常见的。考查主语从句。本句中it为形式主语,“ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope”为真正的主语; 该从句结构完整,故由that引导。,单句改错 4.It is obvious to the students what they should get well prepared for their future. whatthat 答案 whatthat 在题干中,it为形式主语,真正的主语为students之后 的主语从
4、句,从句中不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,故用that作为引导词, what应改为that。,1.名词性从句的引导词:that,if,whether等;连接代词what,which, whom,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等;连接副词when, where,why,how等。 2.主语从句常位于谓语动词之前,但是有时为了保持句子平衡,会使用it 作为形式主语,而把真正的主语放在后面,常见的有: It+be+名词+that从句(如It is a fact/pity/shame/surprise that.;It is no wonder that.); I
5、t+be+形容词+that从句(如:It is clear/important/necessary/obvious/pos- sible/strange that.;It is known to all that.); It+be+过去分词+that从句(如It is believed/reported/said/suggested/ thought that.); It+特殊动词+that从句(如It happens that.;It occurred to sb. that.;It doesnt matter how/whether/what.)。,用法精讲,二、宾语从句 单句填空 1.S
6、he asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt. 答案 whether/if 句意:她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆,我承认我还 没有归还。设空处引导的是宾语从句,根据句意可知该宾语从句要用 whether/if引导。 2.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used to charge. 答案 what 句意:我们选择这家宾
7、馆是因为这里住一晚上的价格降到 了20美元,(20美元)是其过去收费的一半。本题考查宾语从句。逗号后 面是$20的同位语,charge后面缺少宾语,故用what引导。,语境运用,3.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing where she was heading. 答案 where 句意:Jane在绿树成荫的街道上漫无目的地走着,不知道 她要去哪里。设空处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,故用where引导。 单句改错 4.After arriving at school, I discussed with s
8、ome classmates that we could do. thatwhat 答案 thatwhat 句意:到达学校后,我和一些同学讨论我们能做点什 么。 “that we could do”为宾语从句,该从句缺少宾语,且表示“物”, 故用what而不是that引导。,宾语从句往往位于动词、介词或某些形容词之后,其常用句式有:主 语+及物动词+宾语从句;主语+及物动词+间接宾语+宾语从句;主 语+动词短语+宾语从句;主语+be+形容词+宾语从句。 此外,it充当形式宾语,而真正的宾语为宾语从句的常用句式有: 主语+think/believe/make/find/consider/feel
9、+it+adj./n.+宾语从句; 主语+enjoy/hate/love/like/dislike/appreciate/prefer+it+宾语从句; 主语+see to/look to/insist on/stick to/depend on/answer for+it+宾语从句; 主语+动词+it+介词(短语)+宾语从句(如:take it for granted that.想当 然地认为;owe it to sb. that.把归功于)。,用法精讲,三、表语从句 单句填空 1.(2015安徽)A ship in harbor is safe,but thats not what shi
10、ps are built for. 答案 what “ ships are built for”为表语从句,该从句中缺少宾 语且表示“事物”,故答案为what。 2.(2017辽宁葫芦岛六校协作体考试)Thats why it is good to eat fruit and vegetables. 答案 why 句意:那就是食用水果和蔬菜有好处的原因。“That is why.”(那就是的原因)是固定句型。,语境运用,单句改错 3.I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is that he never fin- ishes a
11、nything. thatwhy 答案 thatwhy which is之后为表语从句,引导词在从句中作状语,结 合语境“那就是他一事无成的原因”可知,that应改为why。,表语从句指的是在句中作表语的从句,常位于系动词之后,其常用句式 有: 主语+be动词+表语从句; 主语+appear/look/remain/seem/smell/taste+表语从句。,用法精讲,四、同位语从句 单句填空 1.The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assis- tant. There is too much work to
12、 do. 答案 that 句意:经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工 作要做。本题考查同位语从句。“ we should have an assistant” 为同位语从句,说明suggestion的内容,用that引导该同位语从句。that只 起连接作用,不作成分。,语境运用,2.Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? Yeah,but I have no idea why he did it;thats one of his favorite uni- versities. 答案
13、why 句意:迈克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学给他的录取机会,这是 真的吗?是的,但是我不知道他为什么会这样做,那可是他最喜欢的 大学之一。根据句意填why。why引导同位语从句。,3.A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might buy some flowers for my friends mothers 60th birthday. 答案 that 句意:我突然有了一个很温馨的想法,我可以为我朋友的妈 妈六十大寿买些鲜花。本题考查同位语从句。“ I might buy some flowers for my friends mothers 60th
14、 birthday”作a warm thought的同位语。该从句不缺任何成分,故用that引导。 单句改错 4.The notice came around two in the afternoon which the meeting would be postponed. whichthat 答案 whichthat 在题干中,afternoon之后为notice的具体内容,即同 位语从句,从句中不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,故用that作为引导词。,同位语从句常位于某些名词之后,其引导词最常用的是that。常跟同位 语从句的名词有:belief,chance,conclusion,dema
15、nd,desire,discovery,doubt, evidence,explanation,fact,fear,feeling,hope,idea,news,notice,possibility, problem,promise, report,reply,request,sign,statement,theory,thought,truth, view,warning,wish,word等。 为保持句子平衡,主语的同位语从句往往不紧跟其后,而是放在后面,从 而形成了分隔式同位语从句,而作宾语或表语的名词与其同位语从句之 间有插入语、状语或后置定语等修饰成分时,也会形成分隔式同位语从 句。
16、例如: Danby left word with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. Danby给我的秘书留言,他下午会再打电话的。,用法精讲,技巧点拨 对名词性从句的考查从连接词入手。首先要记住连接词that, whether/if,as if/though,because,who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever, whomever,whatever,whichever,when,where,why,how等,然后分析它们在 从句中所作的成分和它们所引导的从句在整个句子中所作的成分。名 词性从句的解题思路:找出主句;辨别哪部分为名词性从句;看名 词性从句缺什么成分,缺什么补什么,什么都不缺,用that。,