1、专题三 形容词和副词,考向分析 形容词和副词是历年来高考的高频考点之一,考查内容主要涉及倍数的 表达法、形容词或副词的比较级和最高级在常用句式中的应用,有时也 会利用具体语境来考查比较级和最高级。,考点清单 一、平级比较的常用表达 单句填空 1.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working with students. 答案 as 句意:我在海上航行和现在与学生一起工作一样快乐。根据 常用表达“as+many/much+名词.+as.”可知,空格处填as。 2.It is generally believed that teach
2、ing is as much an art as it is a science. 答案 an 句意:人们普遍认为,教学既是一门艺术,也是一门科学。根 据句式“as+much+a/an+名词+as.”可知,空格处填不定冠词an。,语境运用,3.It was after he got what he had desired that he realized it was not so/as important. 答案 so/as 在句尾省略了“as what he had desired”,结合常用表达“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”可知,空格处填so/as。 单句改错 4.(2
3、015福建卷)The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasnt discouraged and soon got so enthusiastic as ever. soas 答案 soas 句意:这次失败对他来说是一个很大的打击,可是他并没 有气馁,很快他就又像以前那样充满热情了。根据在肯定句中平级比较 用“as+形容词原级+as”可知,句中的so使用错误,应改为as。,1.as+形容词或副词的原级+as He is as tall as his father.他和他父亲一样高。 2.not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as (表示前者不如后者
4、) He doesnt study as/so hard as his brother. 他学习不如他弟弟努力。 3.as+形容词的原级+a/an+单数名词+as+其他 Tom is as hard-working a boy as his brother.汤姆是和他弟弟一样努力的 男孩。 4.as+many/much+名词+as+其他 I have as many books as you.我的书和你的书一样多。,用法精讲,二、比较级的常用表达 单句填空 1.The traffic on the main streets has a longer (long) green signal th
5、an that on the small ones. 答案 longer 空后的than是关键词,此处为常用表达“形容词或副词 的比较级+than+其他”,故空格处填longer。 2.The harder (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. 答案 harder 根据句式“the+比较级+其他,the+比较级+其他”可知, 空格处填harder。,语境运用,3.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love and not
6、hing could be sweeter (sweet ). 答案 sweeter 空后省略了“than it”,结合语境“没有什么比这更甜 的了”可知,空格处填比较级sweeter。此处否定词与比较级连用相当 于最高级。 单句改错 4.Of the two sisters, Betty is the youngest one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. youngestyounger 答案 youngestyounger 句意:贝蒂是这两个姐妹中较年轻的那个, 而且她也是喜欢安静的那个。这里表示“两者中更/较的”,故 yo
7、ungest改为younger。,1.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成规则 A规则变化:,用法精讲,名师点睛 少数双音节词及以-er或-le结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最高级形式。 commoncommoner/more commoncommonest/most common B不规则变化:,2.形容词和副词比较级的常见用法 (1)表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级+than”结构。 This computer is less expensive than mine. 这台电脑没有我的贵。 (2)表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时,用“the+比较级.,the+比较 级.”,意为“越越”
8、。 The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越感到高兴。 (3)不与其他事物相比较,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级+and+比较 级/more and more+原级”结构,意为“越来越”。,Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们学校变得越来越漂亮了。 (4)表示“和一样不”时,用“no+比较级+than”结构。 You are no taller than I.你和我一样都不高。 (5)注意下列短语的使用: be more than意为“超过,不仅仅;非常”。 There are m
9、ore than fifty students in the class. 这个班有50多个学生。(more than此时多与数词连用) Peace is more than the absence of war. 和平不仅仅是没有战争。(more than此时多与名词连用) She is more than selfish. 她非常自私。(more than此时多与形容词连用),more.than.意为“与其说不如说”。 She is more careless than stupid. 与其说她笨,还不如说她粗心大意。 not more than“至多”。 I have not more
10、than ten books in my bag. 我包里的书不多于10本。 no more than“只有,仅仅”。 I have no more than ten books in my bag. 我的包里仅有10本书。,less than“少于”。 It had cost Tom less than five dollars. 它花费汤姆不到五美元。 no less than“有之多”。 No less than a thousand people came. 多达1000人来了。 not less than“不少于”。 He is not less than 80 years old.
11、 他至少80岁了。 (6)“the+比较级+of+the two. ”表示“两者中更/较的” Tom is the taller of the two boys.汤姆是这两个男孩中较高的那个。,3.比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方式 (1)否定词+比较级 (2)比较级+than+any other+单数名词 (3)比较级+than+the other+复数名词 (4)比较级+than+anyone/anything else (5)比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词 I have never spent a more worrying day. 我度过了最令人担忧的一
12、天。 I cant agree more.我完全同意。,Every morning he arrives earlier than any other student in the class. =Every morning he arrives earlier than the other students in the class. =Every morning he arrives earlier than any of the other students in the class. =Every morning he arrives earlier than the rest of
13、the students in the class. 每天早上他都是班里来得最早的。,三、最高级的常用表达 单句填空 1.Brighton is the healthiest (health) city in Britain with the highest level of personal trainers, yoga clubs and health food stores, according to a survey released on Friday. 答案 healthiest 根据语境“布莱顿是英国最健康的城市”可知,空格 处填最高级healthiest。,语境运用,2.Thi
14、s is by far the most inspiring (inspiring)movie that I have ever seen. 答案 the most inspiring 由by far和I have ever seen可知这里应用最高 级。 3.(2017河北唐山调研)Als adult son, Ernie, however, is one of the kindest (kind) men I have ever known. 答案 kindest 根据I have ever known可推知设空处需用形容词最高级。,单句改错 4.As is know to all, th
15、e Peoples Republic of China is the bigger develop- ing country in the world. biggerbiggest 答案 biggerbiggest 句意:众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大 的发展中国家。根据句意可知,句中的bigger使用错误,应改为最高级形 式。,1.形容词最高级(+名词)+表示范围的状语 She is the most active student in our class. 她是我们班最活跃的学生。 2.one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数 Shanghai is one of the big
16、gest cities in our country.=Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country. 上海是我们国家最大的城市之一。 3.序数词+形容词最高级+名词 Africa is the second largest continent in the world. 非洲是世界上第二大洲。,用法精讲,四、倍数的常用表达 单句填空 1.My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice as expensive. 答案 as
17、句意:我叔叔在市区的房子比我们的小得多,但价格是我们 的房子的两倍。句尾省略了“as ours”,结合倍数的表达法“倍数+as+ 形容词或副词的原级+as”可知,空格处填as。,语境运用,2.Its known to us that the earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 答案 of 题干为倍数表达法,即“倍数+the+名词(length,size,height, weight,depth等)+of+其他”,故空格处填介词of。 3.Our city has experienced twice as much rain this year as
18、it did last year. 答案 as 句意:我们城市今年的降雨量是去年的两倍。根据倍数的常 用表达“倍数+as+much+名词+as+其他”可知,空格处填as。,单句改错 4.Its said that the power plant is now twice as what it used to be. 删掉as 答案 删掉as 根据倍数的表达法“倍数+what+从句”可知,应该删除 as。,1.倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as 2.倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than 3.倍数+the+名词+of 4.倍数+what从句 Our classroom is three times
19、 as large as theirs. =Our classroom is three times larger than theirs. =Our classroom is three times the size of theirs. 我们的教室是他们教室的三倍大。 The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago.这条路的 长度是三年前的4倍。,用法精讲,技巧点拨 语篇型语法填空与短文改错中对本专题内容的考查较多,如: 例1 I am sorry I have something important (im
20、portantly) to do. 例2 Johnson found the work slightly difficult (difficulty). 例3 He is lying in bed, wide awake (wake).,1.形容词和副词是语法填空的必考点。主要以有提示词的形式考查考生。 (1)形容词可作定语(如例1)、表语、补语(如例2)。因此,在做语法填空 题时,若句子缺定语、表语或补语,要首先想到用形容词。 (2)副词在句中常作状语,修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语或 整个句子。因此当设空处作状语时,首先考虑要填副词;但要注意形容 词也可作状语(如例3)。 (3)做语篇型语法填空时,考生还需根据上下文及形容词和副词的比较 等级的常用句型来判断。 2.短文改错中,常常出现本该用形容词却用了副词或本该用副词却用了 形容词的情况,具体情况要根据形容词和副词的基本用法判断。此外, 平时复习时还要注意一些常见形容词、副词的辨析。,