1、专题九 定语从句,考向分析 定语从句包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种,是三大从句中 考查最频繁的从句,在语法填空和短文改错两种题型中均有涉及,考查 的重点是that,which,who,whose,when,where等关系词的用法。,考点清单 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 单句填空 1.The little problems that/which we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 答案 that/which 句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能成为 伟大发明的灵感。本题考查定语从
2、句。题干中,The little problems是先 行词,且指物, we meet in our daily lives是定语从句,从句中缺少 宾语,因此用that/which引导定语从句。,语境运用,2.My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. 答案 whose 句意:我的大儿子现在在纽约,他的工作让他走遍世界各 地。设空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词son,设空处在句中作定语修饰 work,所以要用关系代词whose。 3.The number of smoke
3、rs, as is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 答案 as 句意:正如报道的那样,吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少 了百分之十七。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为整个主句的内 容,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填as。as is reported正如报道的那 样。,4.Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position. 答案 that 句意:请把你拥有的关于竞聘这个职位的那个候选人的所 有信息发给我
4、们。在本句中,先行词information被all修饰,所以只能填关 系代词that,而不填which。 5.If the earth is poisoned, the water, the food and the animals will be poi- soned, which means that we who poison the earth will be poisoned too. 答案 which 句意:如果土地被污染了,水、食物和动物就会被污染,这 意味着将土地污染了的我们也将被污染。先行词为设空处前的内容,先 行词在定语从句中作主语,故用which引导非限制性定语从句。,6
5、.(2017课标全国)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 答案 who 两个逗号之间为非限制性定语从句,先行词为Sarah,关系 词在从句中作主语,故填who。 单句改错 7.(2017课标全国)In their spare time, they are interested in planting veg- etables in their garden, that is on the roofto
6、p of their house. thatwhich 答案 thatwhich 逗号之后是非限制性定语从句,先行词为garden,关 系词在从句中作主语,故用which而不能用that引导非限制性定语从句。,1.关系代词that与which的用法辨析 只用that的情况: (1)先行词是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few 等不定代词; (2)先行词被all, any, every, no, little(少), much, some等词修饰; (3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数
7、词; (4)先行词被the only, the very(正好、恰好), the last修饰; (5)先行词中既有人也有物;,用法精讲,(6)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句; (7)先行词是the way， 并在定语从句中充当状语时，关系代词用that/in which或省略关系词。 This is the very film that I want to see.这正是一部我想看的影片。 The famous writer and his book that you referred to just now are well known now. 你刚才提到的那位著名作家和
8、他的书现在非常有名。 先行词指物时,只用which的情况: (1)引导非限制性定语从句; (2)关系代词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前; The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, which he remembers starting as early as his childhood.,世界银行主席说他对中国有一种情结,他记得这种情结始于他的童年。 The result was not the same as they had expected, which was rather disap- p
9、ointing. 结果与当初他们预料的不一样,这让人觉得很失望。 2.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别,She married again, which was unexpected. 她再婚了,这是始料不及的。 She married again, as we expected. 正如我们预料的那样,她再婚了。 3.其他关系代词的用法辨析,Each graduate standing in the playground, who was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster. 每个
10、毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上,由校长给他们颁发文凭。 My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home. 我的女儿总不在家,她的工作需要经常出差。,二、关系副词引导的定语从句 单句填空 1.(2016课标全国)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV re- porter per
11、mitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from star- vation in the wild. 答案 when 逗号之后为非限制性定语从句,先行词指时间,且关系词 在从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when引导定语从句。,语境运用,2.(2015广东)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market where people from the towns met regularly. 答
12、案 where 地点名词market为先行词,关系词在从句中作地点状语, 故用where引导定语从句。 3.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. 答案 why 空前的reason为先行词,关系词在从句中作原因状语,故用 关系副词why引导定语从句。,4.Ive got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, ha
13、rd, but interesting. 答案 where point为先行词,关系词在从句中作状语,故用where引导 定语从句。 【知识拓展】 当先行词是activity,situation,point,case,stage,scene等抽 象名词,且关系词在从句中作状语时,应用where作为定语从句的引导词。 单句改错 5.In my opinion,Beijing is the most beautiful city, which I spent my last summer holiday. whichwhere 答案 whichwhere 先行词指地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故
14、 which错误,应改为where。,三个关系副词引导的定语从句,用法精讲,It has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music,where some have stood out among them. 它为有音乐天赋的年轻人建立了一个大舞台,在这个舞台上一些人从中 脱颖而出。 The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didnt study hard. 他考试失败的原因是他学习不努力。,三、“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句 单句填空 1.Scientists
15、 have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved. 答案 which 句意: 就人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出了许多理论,但 没有一项理论得到过证明。先行词为theories,将先行词代入定语从句 后可知关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,故答案为which。,语境运用,2.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose pur- poses is to relieve worldwide
16、 starvation. 答案 whose 句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,这个组织 的目标之一是减缓全球范围的饥荒。本题考查定语从句。定语从句的 先行词是the World Food Programme,与定语从句中的purposes是所属关 系,即the World Food Programmes purposes,故填whose。 3.Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for re- mote regions to chase their dreams. 答案 whom 句意:很多年轻人都去
17、了偏远地区追求自己的梦想,他们 中大部分都受过良好的教育。先行词为young people,指人,将先行词代 入定语从句后可知先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,故答案为 whom。,单句改错 4.Alice asked the policeman with she worked to contact her whenever there was an accident. with后加whom 答案 with后加whom 先行词为policeman,指人,关系词在定语从句中 作介词with的宾语,故应用whom作为定语从句的引导词。,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的两个考查点 1.考查该结构
18、中关系代词的选用 若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时常用whom,指物时常用 which。另外,whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whose+名词”结构, whose指人、物皆可。 With the fast development of agriculture, the people, in whose village she taught 10 years ago, have lived a happy life. 随着农业的快速发展,在她10年前教书的村子里,人们一直过着幸福的 生活。,用法精讲,2.考查该结构中介词的选用 (1)一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入
19、手:先行词的 意义;从句中动词的固定搭配;句子的意思。 (2)表示“整体和部分关系”时,介词常用of。常见结构: 在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代词或数 词后可以用of which/whom。 “the+比较级或最高级”后用of which/whom等。 The children, all of whom had played the whole day long, were worn out. 孩子们玩了一整天,都累坏了。,四、分隔式定语从句 单句填空 1.(2015四川)The books on the
20、desk, whose covers are shiny,are prizes for us. 答案 whose 句意:桌上那些封面闪闪发亮的书是我们的奖品。本题 考查定语从句。先行词为The books,与从句中的covers为所属关系,故 答案为whose。 2.We really love Indian food and such occasions are very rare when we have so many foods available at such low prices. 答案 when 空格处之前的先行词occasions指时间,且关系词在定语 从句中作时间状语,故填
21、when。,语境运用,单句改错 3.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, when my classmates recommended to me. whenwhich 答案 whenwhich 先行词为book,且关系词在非限制性定语从句中 作recommended的宾语,故应用which引导定语从句。,定语从句往往紧跟在先行词之后,但是有时可能会在从句和先行词之间 插入其他成分,使从句与先行词分隔开来,从而形成了分隔式定语从句 (也可称为“间隔式定语从句”)。如: Tom was the first
22、student in his class who had won the scholarship. (先行 词student和定语从句被介词短语“in his class”隔开) 汤姆是他的班里 第一个获得奖学金的学生。,用法精讲,技巧点拨 对于定语从句方面的试题,首先应该找准先行词,然后再结合句子 成分对关系词在从句中的具体作用进行分析,判断出关系词在从句中作 什么成分。需要注意的是,先行词并不能决定关系词的使用。例如,先 行词指时间,但是关系词在从句中作主语,则应用关系代词作为引导词, 而不应使用关系副词when。 That evening, which I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. (在该句中,That evening虽为表示时间的先行词,但是关系词在定语从句 中作介词about的宾语,故用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。本 题容易误填when,原因是没有判断好关系词在从句中的作用。),